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Ng YS, Gan YK, Tupang L. Severe Orbital Myiasis Caused by Chrysomya bezziana: A Case Report. Turk J Ophthalmol 2021; 51:62-65. [PMID: 33631919 PMCID: PMC7931651 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An 88-year-old woman was brought to the hospital immediately after her neighbours noticed that she was bleeding from her right eye. On examination, her right eye was phthisic with maggot infestation of her right orbit. Over a hundred live maggots were extracted using forceps. Computed tomography scan revealed the infestation was confined to the right orbit. The patient underwent exenteration of the right orbit under general anaesthesia. The species was identified by an entomologist as Chrysomya bezziana, which has aggressive larvae that eat living tissue. This case report demonstrates that orbital myiasis caused by C. bezziana poses a very real risk of intracranial invasion as they feed on living tissues. Adjacent tissue destruction can be very rapid and definitive treatment involves urgent removal of its larvae via surgical debridement. To our knowledge, we are reporting the first case of orbital myiasis from a patient in Malaysia. Therefore, our case report may be helpful in the management of similar case of orbital myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Siang Ng
- Ministry of Health Malaysia, Hospital Keningau, Department of Ophthalmology, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yuen Keat Gan
- Ministry of Health Malaysia, Hospital Keningau, Department of Ophthalmology, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Leni Tupang
- Entomology & Pest Unit, Public Health Keningau, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sabah, Malaysia
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Zhou X, Kambalame DM, Zhou S, Guo X, Xia D, Yang Y, Wu R, Luo J, Jia F, Yuen M, Xu Y, Dai G, Li L, Xie T, Puthiyakunnon S, Wei W, Xie L, Liang S, Feng Y, Huang S, Hu Y, Mo Q, Mai R, Zhang X, Spradbery P, Zhou X. Human Chrysomya bezziana myiasis: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007391. [PMID: 31618203 PMCID: PMC6821133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myiasis due to Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, is an important obligate zoonotic disease in the OIE-list of diseases and is found throughout much of Africa, the Indian subcontinent, southeast and east Asia. C. bezziana myiasis causes not only morbidity and death to animals and humans, but also economic losses in the livestock industries. Because of the aggressive and destructive nature of this disease in hosts, we initiated this study to provide a comprehensive understanding of human myiasis caused by C. bezziana. Methods We searched the databases in English (PubMed, Embase and African Index Medicus) and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, and Duxiu), and international government online reports to 6th February, 2019, to identify studies concerning C. bezziana. Another ten human cases in China and Papua New Guinea that our team had recorded were also included. Results We retrieved 1,048 reports from which 202 studies were ultimately eligible for inclusion in the present descriptive analyses. Since the first human case due to C. bezziana was reported in 1909, we have summarized 291 cases and found that these cases often occurred in patients with poor hygiene, low socio-economic conditions, old age, and underlying diseases including infections, age-related diseases, and noninfectious chronic diseases. But C. bezziana myiasis appears largely neglected as a serious medical or veterinary condition, with human and animal cases only reported in 16 and 24 countries respectively, despite this fly species being recorded in 44 countries worldwide. Conclusion Our findings indicate that cryptic myiasis cases due to the obligate parasite, C. bezziana, are under-recognized. Through this study on C. bezziana etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention and control, we call for more vigilance and awareness of the disease from governments, health authorities, clinicians, veterinary workers, nursing homes, and also the general public. Chrysomya bezziana larvae are characterized by feeding aggressively on the living tissues and body fluids of the host. The dreadful feelings of patients suffering from myiases with severe tissue and bone destruction, even death, and the enormous economic losses in the livestock industries have been described previously. But our findings indicate that C. bezziana myiases still appear to be under-recognized as a serious medical or veterinary condition throughout the world. Both in China and the world at large, it is probable that C. bezziana distribution could well be greater than currently reported. Our study provides an opportunity for clinicians and health authorities to gain a comprehensive understanding of this disease from its etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention and control. In addition, our findings will engage governments, health staff, veterinary workers, aged-care facilities, and also the general public, in efforts to recognize, prevent, and control such infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dzinkambani Moffat Kambalame
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yemei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Rangke Wu
- The School of Foreign Studies, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Fenglong Jia
- Institute of Entomology, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingchi Yuen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Education Technique Center, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Geyang Dai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Santhosh Puthiyakunnon
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxia Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixian Xie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Siting Liang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqin Feng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Songgen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongxuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianzhen Mo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongjia Mai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Philip Spradbery
- XCS Consulting, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australia
- * E-mail: (PS); (XZ)
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (PS); (XZ)
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Pezzi M, Cultrera R, Chicca M, Leis M. Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigations of Third-Instar Larva of Cordylobia rodhaini (Diptera: Calliphoridae), an Agent of Furuncular Myiasis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 52:368-374. [PMID: 26334810 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A scanning electron microscopy study of the third larval instar of Cordylobia rodhaini Gedoelst (Diptera: Calliphoridae), causing obligatory furuncular myiasis, is presented here for the first time. The larvae were collected from a patient exposed to them in the tropical rainforest of Kibale National Park (Uganda). Distinctive features are described in sequence from the anterior region to the posterior region, highlighting the morphological features of antennae, maxillary palps, structures related to mouth opening, sensory structures, thoracic and abdominal spines, and anterior and posterior spiracles. The results are compared with those of other Calyptrata flies, mainly from the family Calliphoridae and, when possible, with Cordylobia anthropophaga Blanchard (Diptera: Calliphoridae), the only other species of genus Cordylobia investigated by scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pezzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Cultrera
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/B, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Chicca
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Leis
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Katoch R, Godara R, Yadav A, Sharma S, Ahmad I. Occurrence of Chrysomya bezziana in a buffalo in Jammu. J Parasit Dis 2014; 38:420-2. [PMID: 25320496 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous myiasis caused by the Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, is a commonly occurring infestation of livestock and man in Southeast Asian and African countries. A buffalo, aged five years was presented with traumatic wound in the abnormal growth at the base of tail, housing maggots in it. Based on morphological features, the collected larvae were identified as C. bezziana larvae. The first ever occurrence of C. bezziana in a buffalo from this part of country and its public health significance have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Katoch
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, 181 102 Jammu India
| | - R Godara
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, 181 102 Jammu India
| | - Anish Yadav
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, 181 102 Jammu India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, 181 102 Jammu India
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, 181 102 Jammu India
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Klong-Klaew T, Sukontason K, Sribanditmongkol P, Moophayak K, Sanit S, Sukontason KL. Observations on morphology of immature Lucilia porphyrina (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a fly species of forensic importance. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1965-75. [PMID: 22828933 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lucilia porphyrina (Walker) is a blow fly of forensic importance, and shares its geographical distribution with a related forensically important species, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann). The immature stages of both species are similar in general appearance; therefore, correct identification should be given special consideration. This study highlighted the main features of L. porphyrina larvae, as observed under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Particular attention is given to the anterior and posterior spiracles, cephalopharyngeal skeleton, and characteristics of the dorsal spines between the prothorax and mesothorax. In the third instar specifically, morphological information on L. porphyrina showed several features that are shared by L. cuprina, and therefore need certain identification to distinguish between them. Such key features are (1) greater posterior spiracle, (2) apparent inner projection between the middle and lower slits of the posterior spiracle, and (3) strongly sclerotized peritreme. The number of papillae on the anterior spiracle may be a supplement, five to nine and three to six in L. porphyrina and L. cuprina, respectively. The key for identifying third instar of forensically important flies in Thailand has been updated to include L. porphyrina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunwadee Klong-Klaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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