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Bouderbala K, Rangel LF, Santos MJ, Bahri S. Zschokkella epinepheli n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxidiidae) infecting the gallbladder of the white grouper Epinephelus aeneus (Serranidae) from Tunisian waters. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:45-54. [PMID: 33230611 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A new coelozoic myxosporean species, Zschokkella epinepheli n. sp., collected from the gallbladder of the white grouper Epinephelus aeneus (Perciformes: Serranidae) from the bay of Bizerte, Tunisia, is described based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Myxospores and plasmodia were observed floating free in the bile. Mature plasmodia were polysporic and subspherical in shape, measuring 85.0-94.0 μm long and 70.0-82.0 μm wide. Mature myxospores were ovoid in valvular view, measuring 10.0 ± 1.7 (8.0-11.0) μm in length and 7.0 ± 0.3 (6.6-7.5) μm in width. Polar capsules were pyriform and equal in size, measuring 3.0 ± 0.2 (2.8-3.6) μm in length and 2.3 ± 0.3 (1.8-2.7) μm in width. Myxospore valves had 12-14 longitudinal striations. Based on the small subunit rDNA, the new species Z. epinepheli n. sp. differs from all other Zschokkella species for which there is a DNA sequence deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Z. epinepheli n. sp. clustered in the marine subclade of Zschokkella species within the biliary tract IV clade. This is the first report of a Zschokkella species from the gallbladder of an epinephelin fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Bouderbala
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology and Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Luis F Rangel
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sihem Bahri
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology and Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Matsche MA, Yurakhno V, Zhang J, Sato H. Synopsis of the species of the genus Zschokkella Auerbach, 1910 (Myxozoa: Bivalvulida: Myxidiidae). Syst Parasitol 2020; 98:25-55. [PMID: 33201415 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-020-09960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A synopsis of the species of Zschokkella Auerbach, 1910 (Myxozoa: Bivalvulida: Myxidiidae) is presented, including 94 nominal species from piscine hosts and 3 additional nominal species from amphibian or reptilian hosts. The most relevant morphological and morphometric features of both myxospores and trophozoite stages (when available) are presented for each species in tabulated format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Matsche
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, Oxford, Maryland, USA.
| | - Violetta Yurakhno
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2 Nakhimov Ave, Sevastopol, 299011, Crimea
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Diseases Control, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
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Enteromyxum leei (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) as the cause of myxosporean emaciation disease of farmed olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) and a turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) on Jeju Island, Korea. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4229-4237. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Azizi R, Rangel LF, Castro R, Santos MJ, Bahri S. Morphology, seasonality and phylogeny of Zschokkella trachini n. sp. (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) infecting the gallbladder of greater weever Trachinus draco (L.) from Tunisian waters. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4129-4138. [PMID: 27389734 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new myxosporean species, Zschokkella trachini n. sp., infecting the gallbladder of greater weever Trachinus draco Linnaeus 1758 from Tunisia. This is the first record of Zschokkella species in T. draco. Plasmodia were polysporic producing six to eight mature spores; they were attached to the gallbladder epithelium or free floating in the bile. Mature spores were sub-ovoid in the frontal view, measured 15.2 ± 0.6 (14.4-16.0) μm in length and 9.8 ± 0.7 (9.0-10.8) μm in width. Two equal spherical polar capsules 4.0 ± 0.4 (3.6-4.5) μm in diameter, were located separately at the spore's extremities. The prevalence of infection ranged from 23.5 to 87.7 %. Morphological data and molecular analysis of the small subunit rDNA gene identified this parasite as a new species of Zschokkella. Neighbour joining clustered the parasite in a sub-clade containing other Zschokkella species parasiting the gallbladder of marine fish hosts, located within the coelozoic clade of the major freshwater clade. This is the second Zschokkella species reported from Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Azizi
- Research Unit of Integrative Biology and Evolutionary and Functional Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, El Manar I 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Luis F Rangel
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Castro
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sihem Bahri
- Research Unit of Integrative Biology and Evolutionary and Functional Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, El Manar I 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Morphological characterisation and phylogenetic relationships of Zschokkella candia n. sp. from the gall-bladder of Sparisoma cretense (L.) (Perciformes: Scaridae) in the Sea of Crete off Greece. Syst Parasitol 2015; 92:211-8. [PMID: 26446543 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-015-9594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new myxosporean parasite, Zschokkella candia n. sp., from the gall-bladder of the wild parrotfish Sparisoma cretense (L.) (Perciformes: Scaridae) is described based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Mature spores are elliptical, with mean dimensions 11.2 ± 0.5 × 7.8 ± 0.1 μm and possess spherical polar capsules with mean diameter of 2.3 ± 0.3 μm. The new species is differentiated from other similar species of the genus based on spore morphology, its coelozoic life-style and molecular data. The phylogenetic tree constructed using maximum likelihood analysis of small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequence data complements the characterisation of Zschokkella candia n. sp. by defining its phylogenetic position among the species of Zschokkella Auerbach, 1909 sequenced to date. The phylogenetic analysis supports the existing knowledge on the complicated polyphyletic relationships among the members of the genus Zschokkella.
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Rocha S, Casal G, Rangel L, Severino R, Castro R, Azevedo C, Santos MJ. Ultrastructural and phylogenetic description of Zschokkella auratis sp. nov. (Myxozoa), a parasite of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2013; 107:19-30. [PMID: 24270020 DOI: 10.3354/dao02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new myxosporean, Zschokkella auratis sp. nov., infecting the gall bladder of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata in a southern Portuguese fish farm, is described using microscopic and molecular procedures. Plasmodia and mature spores were observed floating free in the bile. Plasmodia, containing immature and mature spores, were characterized by the formation of branched glycostyles, apparently due to the release of segregated material contained within numerous cytoplasmic vesicles. Mature spores were ellipsoidal in sutural view and slightly semicircular in valvular view, with rounded ends, measuring 9.5 ± 0.3 SD (8.7-10.3) µm in length and 7.1 ± 0.4 (6.5-8.0) µm in width/thickness. The spore wall was composed of 2 symmetrical valves united along a slightly curved suture line, each displaying 10 to 11 elevated surface ridges. Two equal subspherical polar capsules, 3.7 ± 0.3 (3.0-4.1) µm long and 3.0 ± 0.2 (2.6-3.2) µm wide, were located separately at the spore's extremities. Each polar capsule contained a polar filament forming 4 to 5 coils. The sporoplasm was binucleate and contained numerous sporoplasmosomes. Morphological data, tissue tropism, and molecular analysis of the small subunit rDNA gene identified this parasite as a new species of Zschokkella. Maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining, and maximum likelihood inferences clustered the parasite in a subclade containing other Zschokkella species parasitizing the gall bladder of brackish and marine fish hosts, located within the coelozoic clade of the major freshwater clade; this supports the existence of a marine subclade within the 'freshwater' clade, as well as the existence of a correlation between tissue tropism and myxosporean phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Rocha
- Laboratory of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/UP), University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Yemmen C, Marton S, Bahri S, Eszterbauer E. Morphology, seasonality and phylogeny of Zschokkella soleae sp. n. (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) parasite of Solea solea (L.) (Pleuronectiformes, Soleidae) from Ghar El Melh Lagoon, Tunisia. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2013; 36:871-879. [PMID: 23444921 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new Myxosporea, Zschokkella soleae sp. n., was found in the gall bladder and the bile of common sole, Solea solea (L.), from Ghar El Melh Lagoon in north-east Tunisia. This is the first record for the presence of Zschokkella species in Tunisian waters. The parasite's plasmodia are polysporic with variable size and shape. Some plasmodia appeared attached to the gall bladder epithelium while others were found free in bile. Mature spores are ellipsoidal in frontal view 13.8±0.38 μm long and 10.86±0.40 μm wide with two equal size spherical polar capsules 3.6±0.43 μm in size. The prevalence of infection seems to correlate with host size and changes over the year with maximum percentage in summer. Based on the 18S rDNA sequence data, Z. soleae sp. n. is readily distinguishable from other myxozoan DNA sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetically, the new species is placed in the freshwater Myxidium clade including several Zschokkella spp. infecting the gall bladder. Morphology, histology as well as DNA sequence analysis indicate that the examined species differs from all previously described Zschokkella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yemmen
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
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Abdel-Ghaffar F, Ali MA, Al Quraishy S, Entzeroth R, Abdel-Baki AS, Al Farraj S, Bashtar AR. Zschokkella helmii n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea), a new parasite of marbled spinefoot Siganus rivulatus (Forsskal 1775), Red Sea, Egypt: light and transmission electron microscopy. Parasitol Res 2007; 102:183-92. [PMID: 17938963 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zschokkella helmii n. sp., a new parasite of Siganus rivulatus from the Red Sea, Egypt, was described using light and transmission electron microscopy. However, the infection was severe; single "histozoic" plasmodium was encountered in the gallbladder wall. Spores are ellipsoid with 9-11 valvar striations. Spore mean length is 10.8 microm (10.0-11.0), while the spore mean width is 7.5 microm (7.0-8.0). Polar capsules are nearly round with a diameter of 2.2 microm (2.0-3.0) and have five filaments. Ultrastructure of the plasmodial wall and sporogenesis of the present species followed the usual pattern valid for most studied myxosporean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abdel-Ghaffar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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