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Yapasert R, Banjerdpongchai R. Gambogic Acid and Piperine Synergistically Induce Apoptosis in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell via Caspase and Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6288742. [PMID: 35600948 PMCID: PMC9119777 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6288742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients undergo chemotherapy as a therapeutic approach due to the disease's frequently late diagnosis. However, because CCA is resistant to currently available treatments, the prognosis for this cancer is still quite poor. Combination therapy has emerged as a novel and promising strategy in cancer treatment, as monotherapy frequently results in tumor recurrence and drug resistance. Gambogic acid has been shown to have a synergism with other compounds in combating certain cancer cells. Moreover, piperine has been shown to improve the efficacy of numerous chemotherapy drugs and other anticancer natural substances. However, no research has been done on the combination of these two compounds in the treatment of bile duct cancer. In this study, the cytotoxic activity was determined by using the MTT assay, and then, the combined effect was assessed by using the combination index (CI). We found that the combination of gambogic acid and piperine inhibited cell viability more effectively than either treatment alone, and it also demonstrated a synergistically cytotoxic effect against CCA cells. Interestingly, the findings allowed the use of lower concentrations of gambogic acid in cancer treatment when combined with piperine, which could reduce its adverse effect on normal cholangiocytes. Furthermore, the combination of the two compounds increased CCA cell death by inducing apoptosis via both the extrinsic and intrinsic or mitochondria-mediated pathways, as determined by caspase-3, -8, and -9 activity and the reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). It is possible that the use of these two natural compounds together could be a promising strategy for the treatment of bile duct cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittibet Yapasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Piperine: Chemical, biological and nanotechnological applications. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:185-213. [PMID: 33151173 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Piperine (PIP) is an alkaloid present in several species of piper, mainly Piper nigrum Linn. and P. longum, among other species. The present article provides a comprehensive review of PIP research in the last years concerning its chemical properties, synthesis, absorption, metabolism, bioavailability and toxicity. The reviewed PIP literature has shown many pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic activity of PIP. However, its low solubility and absorption make its application challenging. This review also includes advances in the development of nanosystems containing PIP, including liposomes, micelles, metal nanoparticles, nanofibers, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid-lipid nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss different in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the biological activity of this drug, as well as some methods for the synthesis of nanosystems and their physical characteristics.
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Matta CBBD, Santos-Júnior PFDS, Gonçalves VT, Araújo MVD, Queiroz ACD, Silva JKS, Silva JFMD, Padilha RJR, Alves LC, Santos FABD, Barcellos LT, Silva-Júnior EFD, Araújo-Júnior JXD, Costa JBND, Sant’Anna CMR, Alexandre-Moreira MS. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of dialkylphosphorylhydrazones against Leishmania chagasi promastigotes and amastigotes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In our study, two new dialkylphosphorylhydrazones have been designed targeting activity against L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis parasites, and their mechanism of action, as well as their leishmanicidal activity against L. chagasi, was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Barbosa Brito da Matta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Tomaz Gonçalves
- Federal Center for Technology Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Itaguaí 20271-110, RJ, Brazil
| | - Morgana Vital de Araújo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - João Kaycke Sarmento Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - João Flávio Monteiro da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - Rafael José Ribeiro Padilha
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA) and Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA) and Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio André Brayner dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA) and Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Tricarico Barcellos
- Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, Seropédica 23970-000, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - João Xavier de Araújo-Júnior
- Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, Seropédica 23970-000, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Maceió 57072-970, AL, Brazil
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Rani R, Kumar S, Dilbaghi N, Kumar R. Nanotechnology enabled the enhancement of antitrypanosomal activity of piperine against Trypanosoma evansi. Exp Parasitol 2020; 219:108018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Florencio M, Tomás Nery E, Rosa D, Auxiliadora Nascimento Ribeiro T, de Brito Braz Moraes J, Araujo Zuma A, da Silva Trindade JD, Dutra Barbosa da Rocha RF, Decote-Ricardo D, Pinto-da-Silva LH, M Motta MC, de Carvalho MG, Fampa P. The effect of the biflavonoid 2″,3″-dihydroochnaflavone on Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain. Parasitol Int 2020; 79:102180. [PMID: 32860937 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease which affects 8 million people in Latin America. The parasite possesses high capacity to evade host immune system and the available drugs to treat Chagas disease present low efficacy combined to serious side effects to patients. Therefore, the identification of alternative therapeutics is essential. Brazilian flora exhibits an immense diversity of metabolites with great potential to be developed into new drugs. We investigated the action of 2″,3″-dihydroochnaflavone a biflavonoid extracted from Luxemburgia nobilis Eichler ex Engl. (Ochnaceae) against T. cruzi (Y strain). Our experiments showed that this compound is effective against parasite epimastigote forms, presenting IC50 value of (2.5 ± 0.1) μM after 96 h of treatment. Ultrastructure alterations were also detected in treated epimastigotes especially mitochondrial enlargement at the kinetoplast region. At the concentration of 30 μM, the compound killed (61.6 ± 3.37)% of the parasite in its amastigote form. In addition, at the same concentration, the compound killed all trypamastigotes growing within murine macrophages after 7-9 days of infection. Nonetheless, the biflavonoid concentrations were harmless to murine enriched population of lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages. These results indicate that 2″,3″- dihydroochnaflavone presents activity against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Florencio
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil
| | - Eveliny Tomás Nery
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey - Stag Hill Campus, GU2 7TE Guildford, UK
| | - Dayana Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil
| | - Tereza Auxiliadora Nascimento Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Julliane de Brito Braz Moraes
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Zuma
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-540 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joana D'Arc da Silva Trindade
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil
| | - Raphael Francisco Dutra Barbosa da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil
| | - Debora Decote-Ricardo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Pinto-da-Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina M Motta
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-540 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mario Geraldo de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Fampa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23.890-000, Brazil.
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Silva RCMC, Fox EGP, Gomes FM, Feijó DF, Ramos I, Koeller CM, Costa TFR, Rodrigues NS, Lima AP, Atella GC, Miranda K, Schoijet AC, Alonso GD, de Alcântara Machado E, Heise N. Venom alkaloids against Chagas disease parasite: search for effective therapies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10642. [PMID: 32606423 PMCID: PMC7327076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is an important disease affecting millions of patients in the New World and is caused by a protozoan transmitted by haematophagous kissing bugs. It can be treated with drugs during the early acute phase; however, effective therapy against the chronic form of Chagas disease has yet to be discovered and developed. We herein tested the activity of solenopsin alkaloids extracted from two species of fire ants against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiologic agent of Chagas disease. Although IC50 determinations showed that solenopsins are more toxic to the parasite than benznidazole, the drug of choice for Chagas disease treatment, the ant alkaloids presented a lower selectivity index. As a result of exposure to the alkaloids, the parasites became swollen and rounded in shape, with hypertrophied contractile vacuoles and intense cytoplasmic vacuolization, possibly resulting in osmotic stress; no accumulation of multiple kinetoplasts and/or nuclei was detected. Overexpressing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-an enzyme essential for osmoregulation that is a known target of solenopsins in mammalian cells-did not prevent swelling and vacuolization, nor did it counteract the toxic effects of alkaloids on the parasites. Additional experimental results suggested that solenopsins induced a type of autophagic and programmed cell death in T. cruzi. Solenopsins also reduced the intracellular proliferation of T. cruzi amastigotes in infected macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner and demonstrated activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream forms, which is another important aetiological kinetoplastid parasite. The results suggest the potential of solenopsins as novel natural drugs against neglected parasitic diseases caused by kinetoplastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C M Costa Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G P Fox
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Red Imported Fire Ant Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabio M Gomes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Daniel F Feijó
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Koeller
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Tatiana F R Costa
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Nathalia S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana P Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Kildare Miranda
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Alejandra C Schoijet
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo D Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ednildo de Alcântara Machado
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Norton Heise
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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Piperine Inhibits TGF-β Signaling Pathways and Disrupts EMT-Related Events in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7040019. [PMID: 32276474 PMCID: PMC7235759 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7040019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Piperine, an amide extracted from the Piper spices, exhibits strong anti-tumor properties. However, its effect on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process has never been investigated. Herein, we evaluate the toxic effect of piperine on lung adenocarcinoma (A549), breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines, as well as its ability to inhibit EMT-related events induced by TGF-β1 treatment. Methods: The cell viability was investigated by MTT assay. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot. Gene expression was monitored by real-time PCR. Zymography assay was employed to detect metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in conditioned media. Cell motility was assessed by the wound-healing and phagokinetic gold sol assays. Results: The results revealed that piperine was cytotoxic in concentrations over 100 µM, showing IC50 values for HepG2, MDA-MB-231 and A549 cell lines of 214, 238 and 198 µM, respectively. In order to investigate whether piperine would reverse the TGF-β1 induced-EMT, the A549 cell line was pretreated with sublethal concentrations of the natural amide followed by the addition of TGF-β1. Besides disrupting EMT-related events, piperine also inhibited both ERK 1/2 and SMAD 2 phosphorylation. Conclusions: These results suggest that piperine might be further used in therapeutic strategies for metastatic cancer and EMT-related disorders.
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Quijia CR, Chorilli M. Characteristics, Biological Properties and Analytical Methods of Piperine: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:62-77. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1573656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rafael Quijia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rather RA, Bhagat M. Cancer Chemoprevention and Piperine: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:10. [PMID: 29497610 PMCID: PMC5818432 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease characterized by unregulated growth and dissemination of malignantly transformed neoplastic cells. The process of cancer development goes through several stages of biochemical and genetic alterations in a target cell. Several dietary alkaloids have been found to inhibit the molecular events and signaling pathways associated with various stages of cancer development and therefore are useful in cancer chemoprevention. Cancer chemoprevention has long been recognized as an important prophylactic strategy to reduce the burden of cancer on health care system. Cancer chemoprevention assumes the use of one or more pharmacologically active agents to block, suppress, prevent, or reverse the development of invasive cancer. Piperine is an active alkaloid with an excellent spectrum of therapeutic activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-asthmatic, anti-convulsant, anti-mutagenic, antimycobacterial, anti-amoebic, and anti-cancer activities. In this article, we made an attempt to sum up the current knowledge on piperine that supports the chemopreventive potential of this dietary phytochemical. Many mechanisms have been purported to understand the chemopreventive action of piperine. Piperine has been reported to inhibit the proliferation and survival of many types of cancer cells through its influence on activation of apoptotic signaling and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Piperine is known to affect cancer cells in variety of other ways such as influencing the redox homeostasis, inhibiting cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal and modulation of ER stress and autophagy. Piperine can modify activity of many enzymes and transcription factors to inhibit invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Piperine is a potent inhibitor of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and has a significant effect on the drug metabolizing enzyme (DME) system. Because of its inhibitory influence on P-gp activity, piperine can reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells and acts as bioavailability enhancer for many chemotherapeutic agents. In this article, we emphasize the potential of piperine as a promising cancer chemopreventive agent and the knowledge we collected in this review can be applied in the strategic design of future researches particularly human intervention trials with piperine.
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Lim KT, Amanah A, Chear NJY, Zahari Z, Zainuddin Z, Adenan MI. Inhibitory effects of (+)-spectaline and iso-6-spectaline from Senna spectabilis on the growth and ultrastructure of human-infective species Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream form. Exp Parasitol 2017; 184:57-66. [PMID: 29175017 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In our ongoing work searching for new trypanocidal lead compounds from Malaysian plants, two known piperidine alkaloids (+)-spectaline (1) and iso-6-spectaline (2) were isolated from the leaves of Senna spectabilis (sin. Cassia spectabilis). Analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra showed that 1 and 2 presented analytical and spectroscopic data in full agreement with those published in the literature. All compounds were screened in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in comparison to the standard drug pentamidine. Compound 1 and 2 inhibited growth of T. b. rhodesiense with an IC50 value of 0.41 ± 0.01 μM and 0.71 ± 0.01 μM, without toxic effect on L6 cells with associated a selectivity index of 134.92 and 123.74, respectively. These data show that piperidine alkaloids constitute a class of natural products that feature a broad spectrum of biological activities, and are potential templates for the development of new trypanocidal drugs. To our knowledge, the compounds are being reported for the first time to have inhibitory effects on T. b. rhodesiense. The ultrastructural alterations in the trypanosome induced by 1 and 2, leading to programmed cell death were characterized using electron microscopy. These alterations include wrinkling of the trypanosome surface, formation of autophagic vacuoles, disorganization of kinetoplast, and swelling of the mitochondria. These findings evidence a possible autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Tee Lim
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Azimah Amanah
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700 Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Zuriati Zahari
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zafarina Zainuddin
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ilham Adenan
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700 Penang, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Sueth-Santiago V, Decote-Ricardo D, Morrot A, Freire-de-Lima CG, Lima MEF. Challenges in the chemotherapy of Chagas disease: Looking for possibilities related to the differences and similarities between the parasite and host. World J Biol Chem 2017; 8:57-80. [PMID: 28289519 PMCID: PMC5329715 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v8.i1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 110 years after the first studies by Dr. Carlos Chagas describing an infectious disease that was named for him, Chagas disease remains a neglected illness and a death sentence for infected people in poor countries. This short review highlights the enormous need for new studies aimed at the development of novel and more specific drugs to treat chagasic patients. The primary tool for facing this challenge is deep knowledge about the similarities and differences between the parasite and its human host.
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Botero A, Keatley S, Peacock C, Thompson RCA. In vitro drug susceptibility of two strains of the wildlife trypanosome, Trypanosoma copemani: A comparison with Trypanosoma cruzi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2016; 7:34-41. [PMID: 28040568 PMCID: PMC5219620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosomes are blood protozoan parasites that are capable of producing illness in the vertebrate host. Within Australia, several native Trypanosoma species have been described infecting wildlife. However, only Trypanosoma copemani has been associated with pathological lesions in wildlife hosts and more recently has been associated with the drastic decline of the critically endangered woylie (Bettongia penicillata). The impact that some trypanosomes have on the health of the vertebrate host has led to the development of numerous drug compounds that could inhibit the growth or kill the parasite. This study investigated and compared the in vitro susceptibility of two strains of T. copemani (G1 and G2) and one strain of Trypanosoma cruzi (10R26) against drugs that are known to show trypanocidal activity (benznidazole, posaconazole, miltefosine and melarsoprol) and against four lead compounds, two fenarimols and two pyridine derivatives (EPL-BS1937, EPL-BS2391, EPL-BS0967, and EPL-BS1246), that have been developed primarily against T.cruzi. The in vitro cytotoxicity of all drugs against L6 rat myoblast cells was also assessed. Results showed that both strains of T. copemani were more susceptible to all drugs and lead compounds than T. cruzi, with all IC50 values in the low and sub-μM range for both species. Melarsoprol and miltefosine exhibited the highest drug activity against both T. copemani and T. cruzi, but they also showed the highest toxicity in L6 cells. Interestingly, both fenarimol and pyridine derivative compounds were more active against T. copemani and T. cruzi than the reference drugs benznidazole and posaconazole. T. copemani strains exhibited differences in susceptibility to all drugs demonstrating once again considerable differences in their biological behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Botero
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Sarah Keatley
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Christopher Peacock
- The Marshall Center, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
| | - R C Andrew Thompson
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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Chouhan G, Islamuddin M, Want MY, Ozbak HA, Hemeg HA, Sahal D, Afrin F. Leishmanicidal Activity of Piper nigrum Bioactive Fractions is Interceded via Apoptosis In Vitro and Substantiated by Th1 Immunostimulatory Potential In Vivo. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1368. [PMID: 26696979 PMCID: PMC4672717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening protozoal infection chiefly impinging the rural and poor population in the tropical and sub-tropical countries. The deadly affliction is rapidly expanding after its association with AIDS, swiftly defying its status of a neglected disease. Despite successful formulation of vaccine against canine leishmaniasis, no licensed vaccine is yet available for human VL, chemotherapy is in appalling state, and the development of new candidate drugs has been painfully slow. In face of lack of proper incentives, immunostimulatory plant preparations owing antileishmanial efficacy bear potential to rejuvenate awful antileishmanial chemotherapy. We have earlier reported profound leishmanicidal activity of Piper nigrum hexane (PNH) seeds and P. nigrum ethanolic (PNE) fractions derived from P. nigrum seeds against Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. In the present study, we illustrate that the remarkable anti-promastigote activity exhibited by PNH and PNE is mediated via apoptosis as evidenced by phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, arrest in sub G0/G1 phase, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species. Further, P. nigrum bioactive fractions rendered significant protection to L. donovani infected BALB/c mice in comparison to piperine, a known compound present in Piper species. The substantial therapeutic potential of PNH and PNE was accompanied by elicitation of cell-mediated immune response. The bioactive fractions elevated the secretion of Th1 (INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) cytokines and declined IL-4 and IL-10. PNH and PNE enhanced the production of IgG2a, upregulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, augmented splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cell population, induced strong lymphoproliferative and DTH responses and partially stimulated NO production. PNH and PNE were devoid of any hepatic or renal toxicity. These encouraging findings merit further exploration of P. nigrum bioactive fractions as a source of potent and non-toxic antileishmanials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chouhan
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India
| | - Muzamil Y Want
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India
| | - Hani A Ozbak
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India ; Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Chavarria D, Silva T, Magalhães e Silva D, Remião F, Borges F. Lessons from black pepper: piperine and derivatives thereof. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 26:245-64. [PMID: 26560940 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1118057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Piperine is a simple and pungent alkaloid found in the seeds of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Following its isolation and full characterization, the biological properties of piperine have been extensively studied, and piperine-like derivatives have shown an interesting range of pharmacological activities. In this context, significant advances have been made in the discovery of new chemical entities based on the piperine scaffold endowed with therapeutic potential. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to provide a thorough inquiry on the therapeutic potential of piperine and related derivatives. It provides an overview of recent developments in patented processes and applications thereof between 2000 and 2015. EXPERT OPINION Cumulative evidence shows that piperine is currently paving its way to become a privileged scaffold for the development of bioactive compounds with therapeutic application in multiple human diseases. In particular, piperine derivatives were shown to modulate the activity of several targets related to neurological disorders, including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, depression and pain related disorders. Moreover, the efflux pump inhibitory ability of piperine and its analogues tackles important drug resistance mechanisms and may improve the clinical efficacy of antibiotic and anticancer drugs. Although the use of piperine as a scaffold for bioactive compounds is still in its early stages, the continuous exploration of this structure may lead to remarkable advances in drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chavarria
- a CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - T Silva
- a CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - D Magalhães e Silva
- a CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - F Remião
- b UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - F Borges
- a CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Fernandes ÍA, de Almeida L, Ferreira PE, Marques MJ, Rocha RP, Coelho LF, Carvalho DT, Viegas C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel piperidine-benzodioxole derivatives designed as potential leishmanicidal drug candidates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3346-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Colchicine treatment reversibly blocks cytokinesis but not mitosis in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Parasitol Res 2014; 114:641-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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de Albuquerque Melo GM, Silva MCR, Guimarães TP, Pinheiro KM, da Matta CBB, de Queiroz AC, Pivatto M, Bolzani VDS, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Viegas C. Leishmanicidal activity of the crude extract, fractions and major piperidine alkaloids from the flowers of Senna spectabilis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:277-281. [PMID: 24188737 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Senna spectabilis (sin. Cassia excelsa, C. spectabilis) is an endemic tree of South America and Africa, very common in Brazil, where it is known as "canafistula-de-besouro" and "cassia-do-nordeste". In folk medicine, this plant is indicated for the treatment of constipation, insomnia, anxiety, epilepsy, malaria, dysentery and headache. Phytopharmacological studies have also confirmed anticonvulsive, sedative, anti-malarial, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of many parts of S. spectabilis. In this communication, we present a comparative study of the leishmanicidal activity of the crude ethanolic extract, its fractions and also the two major alkaloidal metabolites (-)-cassine/(-)-spectaline, trying to establish a relationship between the presence of piperidine alkaloidal constituents and leishmanicidal activity. The growth inhibitory effect of promastigote forms of Leishmania major was determined for the crude extract, fractions of the flowers of S. spectabilis and a mixture of (-)-cassine/(-)-spectaline in comparison to pentamidine used as standard drug. The cytotoxic effects were assessed on macrophage strain J774 by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Fractions dichloromethane (FL-DCM) and n-butanol (FL-Bu) and a mixture of (-)-cassine/(-)-spectaline (∼7:3) exhibited significant activity against the parasite Leishmania major (IC50 values of 0.6±0.1 μg/ml, 1.6±0.9 μg/ml and 24.9±1.4 μg/ml, respectively), without toxic effects on murine macrophages. Due to the promising results elicited, further studies in vivo need to be performed to confirm the therapeutic potential of Senna spectabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Campelo Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Química Medicinal (LFQM), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaís Pereira Guimarães
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Química Medicinal (LFQM), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Kátia Mantovani Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Química Medicinal (LFQM), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Barbosa Brito da Matta
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57020-720 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57020-720 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pivatto
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14801-970 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14801-970 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57020-720 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Viegas
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Química Medicinal (LFQM), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Franklim TN, Freire-de-Lima L, de Nazareth Sá Diniz J, Previato JO, Castro RN, Mendonça-Previato L, de Lima MEF. Design, synthesis and trypanocidal evaluation of novel 1,2,4-triazoles-3-thiones derived from natural piperine. Molecules 2013; 18:6366-82. [PMID: 23760033 PMCID: PMC6270562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The work reported herein describes the synthesis and the assessment of the trypanocidal activity of thirteen new 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones obtained from natural piperine, the main constituent of the dry fruits of Piper nigrum. It is part of a research program aiming to use abundant and easily available natural products as starting materials for the design and synthesis of new molecules potentially useful as antiparasitic drugs. The variously substituted triazole derivatives were synthesized from the natural amide in four steps with the use of microwave irradiation on overall yields ranging from 32% to 51%. The cyclohexyl substituted derivative showed the best trypanocidal profile on proliferative forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain), with IC₅₀s = 18.3 and 8.87 mM against epimastigotes and amastigotes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiany Nunes Franklim
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, CEP: 23.890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (T.N.F.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.F.-L.); (J.N.S.D.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Julliana de Nazareth Sá Diniz
- Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.F.-L.); (J.N.S.D.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - José Osvaldo Previato
- Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.F.-L.); (J.N.S.D.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Rosane Nora Castro
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, CEP: 23.890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (T.N.F.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Lucia Mendonça-Previato
- Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21.941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.F.-L.); (J.N.S.D.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Marco Edilson Freire de Lima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, CEP: 23.890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (T.N.F.); (R.N.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +55-21-2682-1872
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Ferreira C, Soares DC, Barreto-Junior CB, Nascimento MT, Freire-de-Lima L, Delorenzi JC, Lima MEF, Atella GC, Folly E, Carvalho TMU, Saraiva EM, Pinto-da-Silva LH. Leishmanicidal effects of piperine, its derivatives, and analogues on Leishmania amazonensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:2155-2164. [PMID: 21885074 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania which affects 12 million people worldwide. The discovery of drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis is a pressing concern in global health programs. The aim of this study aim was to evaluate the leishmanicidal effect of piperine and its derivatives/analogues on Leishmania amazonensis. Our results showed that piperine and phenylamide are active against promastigotes and amastigotes in infected macrophages. Both drugs induced mitochondrial swelling, loose kinetoplast DNA, and led to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The promastigote cell cycle was also affected with an increase in the G1 phase cells and a decrease in the S-phase cells, respectively, after piperine and phenylamide treatment. Lipid analysis of promastigotes showed that piperine reduced triglyceride, diacylglycerol, and monoacylglycerol contents, whereas phenylamide only reduced diacylglycerol levels. Both drugs were deemed non toxic to macrophages at 50 μM as assessed by XTT (sodium 2,3,-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium inner salt), Trypan blue exclusion, and phagocytosis assays, whereas low toxicity was noted at concentrations higher than 150 μM. None of the drugs induced nitric oxide (NO) production. By contrast, piperine reduced NO production in activated macrophages. The isobologram analysis showed that piperine and phenylamide acted synergistically on the parasites suggesting that they affect different target mechanisms. These results indicate that piperine and its phenylamide analogue are candidates for development of drugs for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ferreira
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Carvalho CO, Chagas ACS, Cotinguiba F, Furlan M, Brito LG, Chaves FCM, Stephan MP, Bizzo HR, Amarante AFT. The anthelmintic effect of plant extracts on Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides venezuelensis. Vet Parasitol 2011; 183:260-8. [PMID: 21872995 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has resulted in the establishment of parasite resistance. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiparasitic effect of plant extracts on Haemonchus contortus in sheep and the in vivo effect on Strongyloides venezuelensis in Rattus norvegicus. The plant extracts from Piper tuberculatum, Lippia sidoides, Mentha piperita, Hura crepitans and Carapa guianensis, produced at different research institutions, were chemically analyzed and evaluated through the egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) in H. contortus. P. tuberculatum (150 and 250 mg kg(-1) of body weight) was evaluated for its anthelmintic action on R. norvegicus experimentally infected with S. venezuelensis. In the EHT, the LC(50) and LC(90) of the extracts were respectively as follows: 0.031 and 0.09 mg mL(-1) for P. tuberculatum, 0.04 and 0.13 mg mL(-1) for L. sidoides, 0.037 and 0.10 mg mL(-1) for M. piperita, 2.16 and 17.13 mg mL(-1) for H. crepitans and 2.03 × 10(-6) and 1.22 × 10(-12) mg mL(-1) for C. guianensis. In the LDT, the LC(50) and LC(90) were respectively: 0.02 and 0.031 mg mL(-1) for P. tuberculatum, 0.002 and 0.04 mg mL(-1) for L. sidoides, 0.018 and 0.03 mg mL(-1) for M. piperita, 0.36 and 0.91 mg mL(-1) for H. crepitans and 17.65 and 1890 mg mL(-1) for C. guianensis. The extract of P. tuberculatum showed the following substances: piperamides as (Z)-piplartine, (E)-piplartine, 8,9-dihydropiplartine, piperine, 10,11-dihydropiperine, 5,6 dihydropiperlongumine and pellitorine. The major compounds of the oils were thymol (76.6%) for L. sidoides, menthol (27.5%) for M. piperita and oleic acid (46.8%) for C. guianensis. Regarding the in vivo test, neither dose of P. tuberculatum caused any significant reduction (P>0.05) in worm burden and fecal egg counts compared with the control group. We conclude that the extracts of P. tuberculatum, L. sidoides and M. piperita have effective activity when tested in vitro, but the doses of the extract of P. tuberculatum have no effect when employed in in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila O Carvalho
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Caixa Postal 510, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-000, Brazil.
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Cotinguiba F, Regasini LO, da Silva Bolzani V, Debonsi HM, Duó Passerini G, Cicarelli RMB, Kato MJ, Furlan M. Piperamides and their derivatives as potential anti-trypanosomal agents. Med Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-008-9161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rosenkranz V, Wink M. Alkaloids induce programmed cell death in bloodstream forms of trypanosomes (Trypanosoma b. brucei). Molecules 2008; 13:2462-73. [PMID: 18833031 PMCID: PMC6244846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential induction of a programmed cell death (PCD) in Trypanosoma b. brucei by 55 alkaloids of the quinoline, quinolizidine, isoquinoline, indole, terpene, tropane, steroid, and piperidine type was studied by measuring DNA fragmentation and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. For comparison, the induction of apoptosis by the same alkaloids in human leukemia cells (Jurkat APO-S) was tested. Several alkaloids of the isoquinoline, quinoline, indole and steroidal type (berberine, chelerythrine, emetine, sanguinarine, quinine, ajmalicine, ergotamine, harmine, vinblastine, vincristine, colchicine, chaconine, demissidine and veratridine) induced programmed cell death, whereas quinolizidine, tropane, terpene and piperidine alkaloids were mostly inactive. Effective PCD induction (EC(50) below 10 microM) was caused in T. brucei by chelerythrine, emetine, sanguinarine, and chaconine. The active alkaloids can be characterized by their general property to inhibit protein biosynthesis, to intercalate DNA, to disturb membrane fluidity or to inhibit microtubule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology. INF 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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