1
|
Simin S, Tomanović S, Sukara R, Stefanov M, Savović M, Gajić B, Lalošević V. Long Time No Hear, Magnificent Wohlfahrtia! Morphological and Molecular Evidence of Almost Forgotten Flesh Fly in Serbia and Western Balkans. Microorganisms 2024; 12:233. [PMID: 38399639 PMCID: PMC10893005 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The "beautiful viviparous fly", Wohlfahrtia magnifica, may have a magnificent appearance due to its striking morphology; however, it is a potentially deadly agent of obligate traumatic myiasis in humans and animals, with a serious impact on welfare and economics. The fly is found across the Palearctic realm, including the Western Balkan region, with reports from former Yugoslavian countries from the first half of the 20th century. In this paper, a recent case of wohlfahrtiosis recorded in Northern Serbia is evidenced using morphological and molecular techniques. Larvae were collected from two adult sheep with severe hoof myiasis and two young sheep with genital and interdigital myiasis. Morphological identification was performed for adults bred from the infested vulva and third-stage larvae (L3) collected from the hoof wounds, supported with barcoding sequences of the COI gene obtained from larval pairs from the hoof wounds of older and the genitalia of younger sheep. W. magnifica was identified according to the appearance of male fly terminalia and the morphology of L3, which was confirmed after the comparison of representative sequences of the COI gene (deposited in GenBank™ under accession numbers MT027108-MT027114) to those available in GenBank™. This finding represents the first reported case of wohlfahrtiosis in the Western Balkans in 80 years, highlighting the need to re-inform relevant stakeholders to achieve adequate disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Simin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Snežana Tomanović
- Group for Medical Entomology, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Ratko Sukara
- Group for Medical Entomology, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Marijana Stefanov
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Milan Savović
- Private Veterinary Practice “MSV Medicus”, Milice Stojadinović Srpkinje 1, 21209 Bukovac, Serbia;
| | - Bojan Gajić
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Vesna Lalošević
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.S.); (V.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khater HF, Ali AM, Abouelella GA, Marawan MA, Govindarajan M, Murugan K, Abbas RZ, Vaz NP, Benelli G. Toxicity and growth inhibition potential of vetiver, cinnamon, and lavender essential oils and their blends against larvae of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia sericata. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:449-457. [PMID: 29417554 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myiasis induced by the sheep blowfly, Lucilia sericata, represents a public health problem widely distributed throughout the world. L. sericata larval stages feed on both humans and animals. L. sericata adults and larvae can play a role in spreading agents of mycobacterial infections. OBJECTIVES It is critical to establish new and safe alternative methods of controlling L. sericata. METHODS The insecticidal effectiveness and growth inhibition potential of three commercially available essential oils (EOs), vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), as well as their blends, were tested against the second (L2) and third (L3) larval stages of L. sericata. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil was used as a carrier and tested on L2 and L3 larvae. To the best of our knowledge, all applied essential oils, except lavender, and oil blends were tested against L. sericata for the first time. RESULTS All applied oils did not repel L2 from the treated liver but adversely affected their development. Contact treatments on L. sericata L3 indicated that vetiver and cinnamon oils significantly affected treated larvae. Total mortality rates were 93.33 and 95.56%, respectively. Furthermore, oil blends tested through contact assays killed larvae when used at higher concentrations; adult emergence was eliminated post-treatment with doses >30% for oil blend 1 and >10% for oil blend 2. CONCLUSION Overall, cinnamon and vetiver oils (5%) were selected as reliable and cheap biopesticides for controlling larvae of L. sericata. The tested oils are inexpensive and represent new promising botanical insecticides in the fight against blowflies causing myiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanem F Khater
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ali M Ali
- Biochemical and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Benha Branch, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Marawan A Marawan
- Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rao Z Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nelissa P Vaz
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
López Millán C, Olea MS, Dantur Juri MJ. Unusual presence of Ornidia robusta (Diptera: Syrphidae) causing pig myiasis in Argentina. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4731-5. [PMID: 26450595 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myiasis is caused by dipterous larvae from the Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, Cuterebridae, and Syrphidae families. In this work, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Chrysomya megacephala, and Ornidia robusta were identified causing vulva, ear, and leg myiasis in pigs in Tucuman province, northwestern Argentina. The report of the presence of C. hominivorax and C. megacephala is very important due to their role as myiasis-causing and disease vectors. The occurrence of Ornidia robusta is remarkable, since it constitutes the first record of myiasis in general and of myiasis in pigs in particular. Lastly, the presence of Sarcophaga spp. is also interesting, since some of them originate myiasis and are therefore of concern for cattle, wild animals, and human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia López Millán
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Av. de Acceso Este-Lateral Sur 2245, (5519), Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María S Olea
- Instituto Superior de Entomología "Dr. Abraham Willink", Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, (4000), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María J Dantur Juri
- Instituto Superior de Entomología "Dr. Abraham Willink", Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, (4000), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina. .,IAMRA, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, 9 de Julio 22, (5360), Chilecito, La Rioja, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duarte ER, Rocha FTD, Teixeira LM, Silva RB, Nogueira FA, Silva NO, Almeida AC. Ocorrência e tratamento de miíases cutâneas em ovinos criados em condições semiáridas no norte de Minas Gerais. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A ocorrência de miíases cutâneas foi verificada em 10 diferentes criatórios de ovinos no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, durante o período de um ano, onde foram analisados os fatores relacionados a essas parasitoses. Os rebanhos possuíam predominantemente animais mestiços Santa Inês, criados em sistemas semiextensivo. Foram registrados 50 casos e a maior incidência foi observada nos meses de março (22%) e abril (18%), períodos de maiores temperaturas e umidade relativa do ar. As patas foram as regiões mais frequentemente acometidas (34% dos casos). As lesões por pododermatites (38% dos casos), onfaloflebites (10%), linfadenite (6%) e dermatobiose (6%) foram os fatores mais frequentemente relacionados às miíases. As taxas de ocorrência não diferiram quanto ao sexo e idade dos animais. Foi constatado que a maioria dos proprietários não realizava o tratamento das miíases de forma correta, sendo que após a implantação de uma terapia preconizada nesta pesquisa, 92% das lesões apresentaram cura entre sete e trinta dias. Os resultados apontam a importância de estratégias para prevenção baseadas nos fatores relacionados neste estudo. A inspeção constante dos ovinos, identificando-se os ferimentos e tratando-se as lesões precocemente, devem constituir práticas rotineiras, principalmente no período chuvoso e quando estão presentes nas patas dos animais.
Collapse
|
5
|
Khater HF, Hanafy A, Abdel-Mageed AD, Ramadan MY, El-Madawy RS. Control of the myiasis-producing fly, Lucilia sericata, with Egyptian essential oils. Int J Dermatol 2011; 50:187-94. [PMID: 21244384 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is widely distributed throughout the world and affects both humans and animals. In addition, L. sericata larvae and adults may play a role in spreading causal agents of mycobacterial infections. Therefore, it is important to establish new and safe alternative methods of controlling this blowfly. METHODS The insecticidal effectiveness of four commercially available essential oils [lettuce (Lactuca sativa), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), anise (Pimpinella anisum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)] against third larval instars of L. sericata was evaluated. The effects of sublethal concentrations of these oils on pupation rates, adult emergences, sex ratios, and morphological anomalies were also determined. RESULTS The oils were highly toxic to L. sericata larvae, with median lethal concentrations (LC(50) ) of 0.57%, 0.85%, 2.74%, and 6.77% for lettuce, chamomile, anise, and rosemary oils, respectively. Pupation rates were markedly decreased after treatment with 8% lettuce oil, and adult emergence was suppressed by 2% lettuce and chamomile oils. Morphological abnormalities were recorded after treatment with all tested oils, and lettuce was the major cause of deformation. There was a predominance of males over females (4 : 1) after treatment with lower concentrations of chamomile and rosemary; such a skew toward males would lead to a population decline. CONCLUSIONS The four tested oils are inexpensive and may represent new botanical insecticides for controlling blowflies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanem F Khater
- Department of Parasitology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|