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Fredericks J, Hill DE, Zarlenga DS, Fournet VM, Hawkins-Cooper DS, Urban JF, Kramer M. *Inactivation of encysted muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis in pigs using Mebendazole. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110140. [PMID: 38330532 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of 4 anthelmintic treatments on the viability of Trichinella spiralis encysted muscle larvae (ML) 55 days post infection (PI) in experimentally infected pigs. Muscle larvae were isolated from pig muscle by artificial digestion after oral treatment of pigs with Levamisole (8 mg/kg, daily for 5 days) and Mebendazole (50 mg/kg, daily for 5 days); Doramectin (0.3 mg/kg, single IM injection), and Moxidectin (0.5 mg/kg, single pour on). Isolated larvae from treated pigs were orally inoculated into mice to assess viability of ML from each treatment. Only Mebendazole treatment of pigs significantly reduced ML viability in mice. The effect of timing of the effective Mebendazole treatment on ML from a longer term infection was then examined in a second experiment. Analysis revealed that Mebendazole treatment of pigs with 250 mg/kg over 3 days (83 mg/kg/day) or 5 days (50 mg/kg/day) reduced numbers of ML recovered from pig tissues compared to untreated, infected controls, and rendered ML non-infective to mice; Mebendazole treatment of pigs with 250 mg/kg in a single dose was not effective in reducing ML numbers recovered from pigs or in impacting ML infectivity to mice. An examination of the lowest effective dose of Mebendazole on encysted ML was determined in a third experiment. Mebendazole of pigs with 5, 50, or 100 mg/kg over 3 days demonstrated that 5 or 50 mg/kg over 3 days insufficient to reduce infectivity in recovered ML, while 100 mg/kg (and 83 g from experiment 2) over 3 days significantly reduces infectivity of ML. This procedure provides a means to evaluate the efficacy of various anthelmintic treatments on the viability of Trichinella spiralis ML in pig tissues, and identified Mebendazole, at 83-100 mg/kg administered over a 3-5 day period as an anthelmintic which renders encysted Trichinella spiralis ML from pig tissues non-infective. As risk from Trichinella significantly impacts acceptance of pork from pasture-raised pigs, these data provide a method, especially for producers of these high-risk pigs, to eliminate the potential of Trichinella transmission from infected pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorrell Fredericks
- USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
| | - Dolores E Hill
- USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Dante S Zarlenga
- USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Valsin M Fournet
- USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Diane S Hawkins-Cooper
- USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
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Codina AV, Priotti J, Leonardi D, Vasconi MD, Lamas MC, Hinrichsen LI. Effect of sex and genotype of the host on the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole microcrystals, in the CBi-IGE Trichinella infection murine model. Parasitology 2021; 148:1545-1553. [PMID: 35060467 PMCID: PMC11010169 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) is an anthelmintic pharmaceutical commonly used in the treatment of nematode infections. It is a Class II drug poorly water-soluble, with very low bioavailability, a feature particularly limiting to treat the trichinellosis chronic phase. Microcrystals obtained by controlled precipitation using hydroxyethyl cellulose and chitosan have previously been shown to improve ABZ biopharmaceutical properties. This investigation aimed to test the systems' in vivo efficacy in the CBi-IGE murine model of Trichinella spiralis infection in the infection's different phases and parasite’ stages. Treatment in the enteral phase led to a 90% decrease in the larval muscle load, probably due to its effect on T. spiralis female fecundity. Both microcrystal systems given in the migratory phase halved muscle load in males, a response not observed in females. The chitosan-based microcrystals proved to be the best when administered in the chronic phase of the infection – an increased proportion of L1 dead larvae was found compared to controls, except in CBi+-treated females. Males and females from the highly susceptible CBi+ line presented a significantly different treatment response in this phase. In vivo efficacy depended on the host genotype and sex and was related to the parasite cycle stage in which the formulations were administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V. Codina
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, S2000KTRRosario, Argentina
- CIC-UNR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, S2000CGKRosario, Argentina
| | - Josefina Priotti
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
| | - Darío Leonardi
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
- IQUIR-CONICET, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
| | - María D. Vasconi
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, S2000KTRRosario, Argentina
- Área Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
| | - María C. Lamas
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
- IQUIR-CONICET, Suipacha 570, S2002LRKRosario, Argentina
| | - Lucila I. Hinrichsen
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, S2000KTRRosario, Argentina
- CIC-UNR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, S2000CGKRosario, Argentina
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Allam AF, Mostafa RA, Lotfy W, Farag HF, Fathi N, Moneer EA, Shehab AY. Therapeutic efficacy of mebendazole and artemisinin in different phases of trichinellosis: a comparative experimental study. Parasitology 2021; 148:630-635. [PMID: 33517933 PMCID: PMC10950373 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed at studying the efficacy of mebendazole (MBZ) compared to artemisinin (ART) for the treatment of trichinellosis at various phases of infection. Seventy Swiss albino mice were orally infected by 300 Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) larvae. Mice were divided into infected untreated control group and infected groups treated with 50 mg kg-1 MBZ and 300 mg kg-1 ART for three and five consecutive days, respectively, at the enteral phase [2-4 days post infection (PI)], invasive phase (10-12 days PI) and encapsulated phase (28-30 days PI). All mice were sacrificed 35-42 days PI. MBZ and ART revealed a significant decrease in mean larval counts and increase of larval per cent reduction (LR %) when treatment was initiated during the enteral phase compared to the other phases. MBZ showed significantly higher LR % (99.7, 83.95 and 89.65%) than ART (80.58, 67.0 and 79.2%) when administered at the three infection phases. Histopathological study showed a decrease in the number of encysted larvae, their surrounding cellular infiltrates and increased regenerative muscles in all treated mice. In conclusion, ART possesses a substantial anthelmintic activity against T. spiralis infection in mice both at the enteral and encapsulated phases, yet, significantly lower than MBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Farahat Allam
- Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Department, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reham Ahmed Mostafa
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wael Lotfy
- Faculty of Nursing, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Hoda Fahmy Farag
- Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Department, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Fathi
- Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Department, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esraa Abdelhamid Moneer
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amel Youssef Shehab
- Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Department, Alexandria, Egypt
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Codina AV, Priotti J, Leonardi D, Vasconi MD, Hinrichsen LI, Lamas MC. Effect of Genotype and Sex of the Host on the Bioavailability of Novel Albendazole Microcrystals Based on Chitosan and Cellulose Derivatives. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:149. [PMID: 32435903 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ), an anthelmintic compound widely used in the treatment of systemic nematode infections, is included in the list of class II drugs based on the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. ABZ has limited effectiveness due to its poor water solubility and consequent low bioavailability. Bioavailability of novel ABZ microcrystals based on hydroxyethylcellulose (S4A) or chitosan (S10A) was studied in male and female mice of two inbred lines, from the murine CBi-IGE model of trichinellosis, differing in susceptibility to this parasitosis (line CBi/L, resistant; line CBi+, susceptible). ABZ microcrystals were administered orally, and albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) was quantified in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mice given the microcrystals showed a significant increase in maximum plasmatic concentration (Cmax) compared with those receiving pure ABZ (P < 0.01). In both genotypes, males and females given S4A had higher Cmax than those receiving S10A (P < 0.05). CBi/L showed a greater Cmax than CBi+ (significantly different only in females treated with S4A (P = 0.001)). CBi/L females attained a higher Cmax than males (P < 0.05). No sex effect was observed for this variable in CBi+ (P > 0.05). The results of the pharmacokinetic analysis indicate that the microcrystalline formulations optimize ABZ bioavailability, both in males and females, S4A being the best system in CBi/L mice and S10A in CBi+. In summary, the microcrystals increased ABZ bioavailability, and under the conditions of this investigation, both host genotype and sex influenced the pharmacokinetic parameters measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Codina
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, S2000KTR, Rosario, Argentina.,CIC-UNR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, S2000CGK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Josefina Priotti
- IQUIR-CONICET, Suipacha 570, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Darío Leonardi
- IQUIR-CONICET, Suipacha 570, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.,Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María D Vasconi
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, S2000KTR, Rosario, Argentina.,Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lucila I Hinrichsen
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, S2000KTR, Rosario, Argentina. .,CIC-UNR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, S2000CGK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - María C Lamas
- IQUIR-CONICET, Suipacha 570, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina. .,Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
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García-Rodríguez JJ, Del Vegas-Sánchez MC, Torrado-Durán JJ, Bolás-Fernández F. Enantiomerical pharmacokinetic prevalence of (+) albendazole sulphoxide in Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:993-9. [PMID: 21845413 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work, it was demonstrated that (+) albendazole sulphoxide (SOABZ) has higher anthelmintic activity than (-) SOABZ (Bolás-Fernández et al. J Parasitol 90:407-409, 2004). In this work, the pharmacokinetics characteristics of SOABZ and its enantiomeric forms were studied in an ex vivo model system for Trichinella spiralis isolated muscle larvae. To this end, samples of either racemic or purified SOABZ enantiomers were added to the incubation medium. Quantification of either albendazole, racemic SOABZ or its enantiomers was performed by validated HPLC methods and the effect of different SOABZ concentrations in relation to time of contact with the larvae was also analysed. Obviously, higher concentration of SOABZ in the medium leads to higher concentrations of SOABZ inside the larvae which increased in an exponential mode, thus indicating a simple diffusion process. At least 18 h of contact with the drug was required to achieve anthelmintic effects. Besides, after this time, the concentration of (+) SOABZ inside the larvae was significantly higher than that of the (-) SOABZ. From these results, it can be concluded that the higher activity found in the previous work is clearly related to the pharmacokinetic prevalence of (+) enantiomer inside the larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José García-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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