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Janulewicz J, Pietkiewicz M, Ziętara MS. Revision of the Most Primitive Taxa of the Family Gyrodactylidae (van Beneden et Hesse, 1864) (Platyhelminthes, Monopisthocotyla) Based on ITS rDNA Phylogeny. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1236. [PMID: 39336827 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the past 25 years, the ITS rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of Gyrodactylidae has been crucial for species identification, description, and phylogeny. This family includes 25 genera parasitizing marine and freshwater fish, initially distinguished by morphological differences in attachment and/or male copulatory organs. Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832, the most species-rich genus, has approximately 500 described species and an additional 25,000 species suspected. The genus is not monophyletic, and the functionally adaptive nature of morphological diagnostic characters complicates the delimitation of new genera. METHODS A phylogeny based on ITS rDNA was proposed to address these challenges, using only complete sequences of primitive taxa. Fifty-four sequences were aligned with the MUSCLE v5.1 algorithm, creating a 1590 ps long matrix. Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods with the models TVM+F+G4 and SYM+G4 for ITS1-ITS2 and 5.8S, respectively, were inferred using IQ-TREE v2.3.5 and BEAST v2.7.6.0. RESULTS The findings revealed eleven main lineages. Four of them are proposed for classification into new genera: Cichlidarus gen. nov., Iraqemembranatus gen. nov., Macracanthus gen. nov., and Rysavyius gen. nov. Elevating the subgenus G. (Gyrodactylus) to genus rank was supported. CONCLUSIONS The presented phylogeny provides a foundation for developing a classification system within Gyrodactylidae that is both reasonable and comprehensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Janulewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Pietkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek S Ziętara
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Shigoley MI, Rahmouni I, Louizi H, Pariselle A, Vanhove MPM. First Study on Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) in Morocco, with Description of a New Species from Luciobarbus pallaryi and Luciobarbus ksibi (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101624. [PMID: 37238053 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, 41 species of Gyrodactylus have been described from Africa. However, none of these have been reported in Morocco. After identifying and examining 738 cyprinid host specimens, 26 specimens belonging to Gyrodactylus were found to parasitize the gills of nine species of Luciobarbus, Carasobarbus, and Pterocapoeta. The current study provides new information about the presence of a new parasitic species in Morocco, the first to be characterized on a species level in the Maghreb region. It describes in detail 12 specimens of Gyrodactylus isolated from the gills of Luciobarbus pallaryi (Pellegrin, 1919) and Luciobarbus ksibi (Boulenger, 1905). Based on morphoanatomical observations, the characterization of the specimens collected indicates a species of Gyrodactylus that is new to science, described here as Gyrodactylus nyingiae n. sp. The new species is different from previously described gyrodactylids infecting African cyprinid hosts because it has a longer hamulus total length, a longer hamulus root, a downward projecting toe of the marginal hook, and a trapezium-shaped ventral bar membrane with a slightly striated median portion and small rounded anterolateral processes. This study increases the total number of Gyrodactylus spp. found in African cyprinids to four.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Isoyi Shigoley
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Research Center Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
- Research Group Zoology, Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Imane Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Research Center Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Halima Louizi
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Research Center Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Antoine Pariselle
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Research Center Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Research Group Zoology, Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Kasembele GK, Manda AC, Abwe E, Pariselle A, Bukinga FM, Huyse T, Jorissen MWP, Vreven EJWMN, Luus-Powell WJ, Smit WJ, Sara JR, Snoeks J, Vanhove MPM. First record of monogenean fish parasites in the Upper Lufira River Basin (Democratic Republic of Congo): dactylogyrids and gyrodactylids infesting Oreochromis mweruensis, Coptodon rendalli and Serranochromis macrocephalus (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:48. [PMID: 36732829 PMCID: PMC9893698 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monogenean parasites have never been formally reported on fishes from the Lufira River Basin. In this context, we decided to record the monogenean parasite fauna of three cichlid species found in the Upper Lufira River Basin for the first time by inventorizing their diversity (species composition) and analysing their infection parameters (prevalence, mean intensity and abundance). METHODS The African cichlid fishes Oreochromis mweruensis, Coptodon rendalli and Serranochromis macrocephalus were selected for the study, given their economic value and their abundance in the Upper Lufira River Basin. Monogeneans were isolated from the gills and stomach, mounted on glass slides with either Hoyer's medium or ammonium picrate-glycerin for identification under a stereomicroscope, based on morphological analysis of genital and haptoral hard parts. Indices of diversity and infections parameters were calculated. RESULTS A total of 13 gill monogenean parasite species (Cichlidogyrus dossoui, C. halli, C. karibae, C. mbirizei, C. papernastrema, C. quaestio, C. sclerosus, C. tiberianus, C. tilapiae, C. zambezensis, Scutogyrus gravivaginus, S. cf. bailloni and Gyrodactylus nyanzae) and one stomach monogenean (Enterogyrus malmbergi) were identified. A species richness (S) of 10 for O. mweruensis, S = 6 for C. rendalli and S = 2 for S. macrocephalus was recorded. Five parasite species were reported to be common amongst O. mweruensis and C. rendalli. According to cichlid species, the most prevalent parasite species was C. halli (prevalence [P] = 80.9%) on O. mweruensis, C. dossoui (P = 92.9%) on C. rendalli and C. karibae and C. zambezensis (both P = 9.1%) on S. macrocephalus. The parasite species with the highest mean intensity (MI) were G. nyanzae (MI = 8.7) on O. mweruensis, C. papernastrema (MI = 17.1) on C. rendalli and C. karibae (MI = 15) on S. macrocephalus. The findings indicate new host ranges for five parasites species (C. quaestio, S. cf. bailloni, E. malmbergi on O. mweruensis, C. halli on C. rendalli and C. karibae on S. macrocephalus) as well as new geographical records for all of them as they are recorded for the first time in the Lufira River Basin. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the richness of monogenean communities in the Upper Lufira River Basin and is a starting point for future helminthological studies, such as on the use of fish parasites as indicators of anthropogenic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyrhaiss Kapepula Kasembele
- grid.440826.c0000 0001 0732 4647Unité de Recherche en Biodiversité et Exploitation durable des Zones Humides (BEZHU), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Auguste Chocha Manda
- grid.440826.c0000 0001 0732 4647Unité de Recherche en Biodiversité et Exploitation durable des Zones Humides (BEZHU), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Emmanuel Abwe
- grid.440826.c0000 0001 0732 4647Unité de Recherche en Biodiversité et Exploitation durable des Zones Humides (BEZHU), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo ,grid.425938.10000 0001 2155 6508Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antoine Pariselle
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141CNRS, IRD, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution Montpellier (ISEM), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France ,grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fidel Muterezi Bukinga
- Section de Parasitologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Hydrobiologie, Uvira, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Tine Huyse
- grid.425938.10000 0001 2155 6508Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Willem Paul Jorissen
- grid.425938.10000 0001 2155 6508Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ,grid.12155.320000 0001 0604 5662Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Wilmien Jacoba Luus-Powell
- grid.411732.20000 0001 2105 2799DSI-NRF SARChI Chair, Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727 South Africa
| | - Willem Johannes Smit
- grid.411732.20000 0001 2105 2799DSI-NRF SARChI Chair, Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727 South Africa
| | - Joseph Roderick Sara
- grid.411732.20000 0001 2105 2799DSI-NRF SARChI Chair, Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727 South Africa
| | - Jos Snoeks
- grid.425938.10000 0001 2155 6508Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Pieterjan Maria Vanhove
- grid.425938.10000 0001 2155 6508Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.12155.320000 0001 0604 5662Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium ,grid.20478.390000 0001 2171 9581Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Review of the metazoan parasites of the economically and ecologically important African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus in Africa: Current status and novel records. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2023; 119:65-222. [PMID: 36707175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the most widely distributed African freshwater fish is the African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) that is naturally distributed in 8 of the 10 ichthyofaunal regions of this continent. Clarias gariepinus is a highly valued and cheap staple to local communities and an ideal aquaculture species. Consequently, interest in the parasitic communities of C. gariepinus has increased as parasites may accidentally be ingested by humans when eating uncooked fish or can be introduced into culture systems through fish stocks supplied from local rivers which affect yield, growth, and marketability. This review provides an overview of the ∼107 metazoan parasite species known to parasitise C. gariepinus in Africa and their general life cycles, morphology, paratenic and post-cyclic infections, and the biogeography and validity of records are discussed. A brief overview is included on the application of some of these parasites in environmental studies and their link to human health.
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Monogeneans from Catfishes in Lake Tanganyika. II: New Infection Site, New Record, and Additional Details on the Morphology of the Male Copulatory Organ of Gyrodactylus transvaalensis Prudhoe and Hussey, 1977. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020200. [PMID: 36839471 PMCID: PMC9958766 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ichthyofauna of Lake Tanganyika consists of 12 families of fish of which five belong to Siluriformes (catfishes). Studies on Siluriformes and their parasites in this lake are very fragmentary. The present study was carried out to help fill the knowledge gap on the monogeneans infesting the siluriform fishes of Lake Tanganyika in general and, more particularly, Clarias gariepinus. Samples of gills of Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae) were examined for ectoparasites. We identified the monogenean Gyrodactylus transvaalensis (Gyrodactylidae). This is the first time this parasite was found infecting gills. We are the first to observe a large spine in the male copulatory organ of this species and to provide measurements of its genital spines; this completes the description of the male copulatory organ, which is important in standard monogenean identification. This is the first monogenean species reported in C. gariepinus at Lake Tanganyika and the third known species on a representative of Siluriformes of this lake. It brings the total number of species of Gyrodactylus recorded in Lake Tanganyika to four. Knowing that other locations where this species has been reported are geographically remote from Lake Tanganyika, we propose a "failure to diverge" phenomenon for G. transvaalensis.
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Truter M, Smit NJ, Malherbe W, Přikrylová I. Description of Gyrodactylus paludinosus sp. nov. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from the Straightfin Barb, Enteromius paludinosus (Peters, 1852), in South Africa. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:446-453. [PMID: 34677799 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parasites of the genus Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832, are predominantly parasites of freshwater and marine bony fishes. To date, 40 species of the genus have been described from Africa, with only 6 of these reported from South Africa. This represents only a small fraction of the known diversity of almost 500 species known worldwide. METHODS In total, 43 of Straighhfin barb, Enteromius paludinosus were collected from Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, North West Province, South Africa. Monogenean parasites were isolated from the fins and fixed on microscope slides in ammonium picrate glycerine. Morphometric evaluation of opisthaptoral hard parts confirmed the identity of these specimens as a new species. RESULTS The description of Gyrodactylus paludinosus sp. nov. is presented. The new species has well-developed, slightly curved superficial inner roots and well-developed rectangular-like ventral bar membrane. Despite the small differences between the hamuli size, it can be distinguished from its congeners, G. kyogae and G. ivindoensis, the only species known from small African barbs, by the shape of ventral bars and marginal hook sickle propers. CONCLUSION The description of Gyrodactylus paludinosus n. sp. increases the total number of Gyrodactylus spp. known from African cyprinid fish to three. Undoubtedly, more attention should be given to studies on small barbs as potential hosts for new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliese Truter
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- DSI/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Wynand Malherbe
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Iva Přikrylová
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
- Department of Biodiversity, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, DSI-NRF SARChI Chair (Ecosystem Health), University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
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Prikrylova I, Barson M, Shinn AP. Description of Tresuncinidactylus wilmienae gen. et sp. n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae), from the gills of the bulldog, Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Peters) from Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2021; 68. [PMID: 34825654 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2021.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The African continent has a rich diversity of fish and amphibians in its inland water systems that serve as hosts for monogeneans of seven genera of the Gyrodactylidae van Beneden et Hesse, 1832. In August 2011, eight gyrodactylid parasites were collected from the gills of two specimens of bulldog, Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Peters), from Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Morphometric evaluation and sequencing of 18S rDNA confirmed that the specimens represented a species of a new viviparous genus, Tresuncinidactylus wilmienae gen. et sp. n. The attachment apparatus consists of a single pair of large slender hamuli with prominently flattened roots that are connected by a simple, narrow dorsal bar. The ventral bar is small and possesses a thin lingulate membrane but no evident anterolateral processes. There are 16 marginal hooks of one morphological type, but of three different sizes, with large falculate sickles that are proportionaly equal in length to the length of their handles. The two largest pairs of marginal hooks are positioned closest to the opisthaptoral peduncle, the neighbouring two pairs of medium-sized marginal hook sickles are situated along the lateral margins of the opisthaptor. Four pairs of smallest marginal hooks are positioned along the posterior margin of the opisthaptor. The male copulatory organ consists of a muscular pouch armed with approximately 30 gracile spines. Phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the 18S rDNA using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference placed the new genus within the lineage of solely African genera and suggests Afrogyrodactylus Paperna, 1968, Citharodactylus Přikrylová, Shinn et Paladini, 2017 and Mormyrogyrodactylus Luus-Powell, Mashego et Khalil, 2003 as genera most closely related to the new genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Prikrylova
- DSI-NRF SARChI Chair (Ecosystem Health), Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.,Unit for Environmental Sciences & Development, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Maxwell Barson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Andrew P Shinn
- INVE Thailand Ltd., Samed Sub-district, Amphur Muang Chonburi, Chonburi, Thailand.,Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Christison KW, Vaughan DB, Shinn AP, Hansen H. Gyrodactylus molweni sp. n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Chelon richardsonii (Smith, 1846) (Mugilidae) from Table Bay, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2021; 15:87-94. [PMID: 33996440 PMCID: PMC8102207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gyrodactylus molweni sp. n. is described from the body surface and fins of the South African mullet, Chelon richardsonii (Smith, 1846) collected from Table Bay Harbour, Cape Town and is compared to five other Gyrodactylus species described from grey mullets globally namely G. zhukovi Ling, 1963 and G. mugili Zhukov, 1970 from Planiliza haematocheila (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845); G. mugelus Rawson, 1973 from Mugil cephalus L.; G. curemae Conroy and Conroy, 1985 from Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 and G. xiamenensis Zang,Yang and Liu, 2001 from Planiliza macrolepis (Smith, 1846). Morphologically, G. molweni sp. n. has prominent ventral bar processes that near cover the hamulus roots, marginal sickles with large rhomboid heels, slender shafts and fine points that extend beyond the sickle toes. Gyrodactylus molweni sp. n. can, however, be readily differentiated: G. mugili and G. xiamenensis have ventral bars with small ventral processes; G. zhukovi has marginal hooks sickles with slender shafts and proportionately short points and open-faced blades; G. mugelus possesses marginal hook sickles with deep, rounded heels, forward slanting shafts and an angular, square line to the inner face of the blades. Although the length of the marginal hooks of G. curemae are similar to G. molweni sp. n., their hamuli are double the size. A GenBank BlastN search with the 931 bp sequence covering ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 gave no close hits; the nearest species for which sequences are available is G. nipponensis Ogawa and Egusa, 1978 (identity 96.56%, 899/931 bp). The proposal of G. molweni sp. n. as a new species, therefore, is well supported by both the molecular and morphological analyses presented herein. This Gyrodactylus species is the first to be described from C. richardsonii and only the second Gyrodactylus species to be described from the marine environment off the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Christison
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Private Bag X2, Vlaeberg, 8012, South Africa.,Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - David B Vaughan
- School of Access Education, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland, 4701, Australia.,Coastal Marine Ecosystems Research Centre, Central Queensland University, Australia
| | - Andrew P Shinn
- Benchmark R&D (Thailand) Ltd., No. 57/1 Moo 6, Samed Sub-District, Muang Chonburi District, Chonburi Province, 20000, Thailand
| | - Haakon Hansen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Fish Health Research Group, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106, Oslo, Norway
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Four New Species of Synodontella Dossou et Euzet, 1993 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) Gills Parasites of Synodontis clarias from the Bagoué River (North-Western Ivory Coast). Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:890-898. [PMID: 32514839 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-020-00232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A survey of monogenean parasites on the gills of Synodontis clarias was carried out in Ivory Coast. Five species of monogeneans were found, of which four are new to science and are newly described here. METHODS The monogeneans were individually isolated from the gill and transferred directly onto a slide in a drop of glycerin ammonium picrate mixture (GAP). The haptor and the hard part of the copulatory complex were measured and drawings made using Motic BA310 microscope and Motic Image Plus 2.0 and Corel Draw software. RESULTS Five species of Synodontella including four new to science were described. Synodontella anohmangniae n. sp., Synodontella antoineparisellei n. sp., Synodontella clariasi n. sp. and Synodontella samorossoensis n. sp. differ from the previously described Synodontella species mainly in the morphology of their male copulatory organs (MCO). Synodontella anohmangniae n. sp. is distinguishable by the dorsal transverse bar with a small point at each extremity of the concavity in its central part. Synodontella antoineparisellei n. sp. differs from all other known Synodontella spp. in the morphology of the penis, with an egg-shaped opening in its distal part. Synodontella clariasi n. sp. and Synodontella samorossoensis n. sp differs from all other described congeneric species mainly by the dorsal transverse bar surmounted by a highly sclerotized part.
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Reyda FB, Wells SM, Ermolenko AV, Ziętara MS, Lumme JI. Global parasite trafficking: Asian Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) arrived to the U.S.A. via invasive fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus as a threat to amphibians. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Mendoza-Palmero CA, Blasco-Costa I, Pérez-Ponce de León G. Morphological and molecular characterisation of a new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae) of cichlid fishes (Perciformes) from Mexico. Parasitol Int 2019; 70:102-111. [PMID: 30822532 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gyrodactylus mojarrae n. sp. is described from the gills of the Neotropical cichlids Thorichthys maculipinnis, Rocio octofasciata, Vieja zonata and V. fenestrata from several localities across southern Mexico. The new species is erected on the basis of the morphology of the haptoral elements (anchors, bars and hooks), and its phylogenetic position within the Gyrodactylidae is evaluated based on the analysis of partial sequences of the ITS1, 5.8 rRNA gene and ITS2. Gyrodactylus mojarrae n. sp. differs from other congeneric species by having hooks with a straight shaft and recurved point, pointed toe and convex heel, presence of reduced superficial anchor roots, by the number and disposition of spinelets of the male copulatory organ, and the absence of shield and lateral processes of the superficial bar. Molecular circumscription of isolates of G. mojarrae n. sp. from different host and hydrological basins showed that these isolates are conspecific and represent a distinct lineage from other congeners, including newly sequenced isolates of Gyodactylus sp. A and Gyrodactylus sp. B from Astyanax mexicanus (Characidae) and Gobiomorus dormitor (Eleotridae), respectively. Genetic affinities of Gyodactylus sp. A and B indicate that they might represent undescribed species infecting freshwater fish from the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Mendoza-Palmero
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Isabel Blasco-Costa
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, P.O. Box 6134, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-153, Código Postal 04510 México, D. F., Mexico
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An amended description of two Gyrodactylus species (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) parasitizing Antarctic Notothenioid fish. J Helminthol 2018; 94:e20. [PMID: 30520393 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x18001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Species identification based on the morphometry of opisthaptoral hard parts, in combination with internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) region sequences, confirmed the presence of four viviparous Gyrodactylus von Nordman, 1832 (Plathyhelminthes, Monogenea) species on Nototheniid fish from the Prince Gustav Channel (Weddell Sea, Antarctica). Gyrodactylus antarcticus Gusev, 1967 was found mostly on Trematomus newnesi Boulenger (93 specimens) but also on T. bernacchii Boulenger (one specimen), the latter representing a new host record for this species. Gyrodactylus byrdi Hargis & Dillon, 1968 and G. coriicepsi Rokicka, Lumme & Ziętara, 2009 were recorded on their type hosts, T. newnesi and Notothenia coriiceps Richardson, respectively. Gyrodactylus wilkesi Hargis & Dillon, 1968 was found mostly on the fins of T. bernacchii (29 specimens), but also on T. hansoni Boulenger (one specimen) and T. newnesi (three specimens). The finding of G. wilkesi on T. newnesi represents a new host record. The low number of Gyrodactylus specimens may indicate an accidental infection. The occurence of all four Gyrodactylus species in the Prince Gustav Channel represents a new locality record. According to phylogentic methods, the newly redescribed monogeneans belong to the Antarctic lineage, forming a sister group to North American and European marine Gyrodactylus species, and consist of two species groups, one comprising G. coriicepsi and G. nudifronsi Rokicka, Lumme & Ziętara, 2009, and the other G. anarcticus and G. wilkesi.
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Lumme J, Ziętara MS, Lebedeva D. Ancient and modern genome shuffling: Reticulate mito-nuclear phylogeny of four related allopatric species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae), ectoparasites on the Eurasian minnow Phoxinus phoxinus (L.) (Cyprinidae). Syst Parasitol 2017; 94:183-200. [PMID: 28130668 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-016-9696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses including four allopatric species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 on the Eurasian minnow Phoxinus phoxinus (L.) (Cyprinidae) revealed incongruence between the nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and mitochondrial cox1 phylogenies due to ancient hybridisation. Gyrodactylus pannonicus Molnár, 1968 was sampled close to its type-locality, the upper reaches of River Tisza, tributary of Danube in the Black Sea Basin. Faunistic search detected three new related species with maximum composite likelihood distances in cox1 between 16.8-23.2% (tentatively 1.3 to 1.8 My of divergence). Gyrodactylus albolacustris n. sp. recorded in the White Sea Basin, eastern Baltic Basin and Mongolia was close to G. pannonicus in the nuclear ITS (divergence of 0.9%), but diverged in cox1 by 19.8%. The Mongolian isolate of G. albolacustris n. sp. diverged from the European isolates in cox1 by 8.9%, suggesting 0.7 My of isolation. The two other new species differed from G. pannonicus by >4% in ITS and some large indels in ITS1, and by >20% in cox1. Gyrodactylus danastriae n. sp. was found in River Strwiąż, a tributary of the River Dniester (Black Sea Basin) and was characterised by smaller size of anchors and by 29-41 bp dimorphic insertion in ITS1. Gyrodactylus botnicus n. sp. is considered endemic in the Baltic Basin, but was also found in the White Sea Basin as a postglacial immigrant, where it had hybridised with G. albolacustris n. sp. in spite of the high divergence in ITS (3.9%) and cox1 (22%). The discordant nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies revealed an ancient mitochondrial introgression: G. albolacustris n. sp. was derived from a hybridisation combining proto-pannonicus ITS with proto-danastriae mitochondria, perhaps 1.3 My ago. The postglacial hybridisation of G. albolacustris n. sp. (as the donor of mtDNAalb and ITSalb) and G. botnicus n. sp. (donor of the ITSbot) offered a model of shuffling of the genomic components: the process of the homogenisation and stabilisation of nuclear ITS (concerted evolution) and the lineage sorting has hardly begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Lumme
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marek S Ziętara
- Department of Molecular Evolution, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza St., 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dar'ya Lebedeva
- Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Center, Pushkinskaya St., 11, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation, 185910.
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Přikrylová I, Shinn AP, Paladini G. Description of Citharodactylus gagei n. gen. et n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from the moon fish, Citharinus citharus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire), from Lake Turkana. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:281-292. [PMID: 27761716 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new genus and species of monogenean belonging to the Gyrodactylidae, Citharodactylus gagei n. gen. et n. sp. (Plathyhelminthes, Monogenea), is described from the gills of the moon fish, Citharinus citharus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire), a characiform fish collected from Lake Turkana in northern Kenya. The new viviparous genus can be readily distinguished from the six other gyrodactylid genera recorded from Africa and from the other viviparous genera within the Gyrodactylidae based on the morphology of the male copulatory organ (MCO), which consists of a muscular ovate organ with an opening onto the tegument through which the narrow tapered end of a sclerotised curved cone-shaped structure protrudes. The tegumental opening of the MCO is surrounded by a collar of short spines. Sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, the 5.8S and the 18S rDNA genes and a comparison with the gyrodactylid species listed in GenBank confirmed the specimens are unique and do not match with any existing entry. When phylogenies for each genomic region were conducted (i.e. 0.064 gamma-corrected pairwise genetic distance based on a alignment of 1750 bp of the 1857 bp long 18S rDNA gene), the most similar match was that of Afrogyrodactylus sp. [= A. girgifae (Folia Parasitol 61:529-536, 2014)] from Brycinus nurse (Rüppell). The proposed name of the new parasite is Citharodactylus n. gen. which represents the seventh gyrodactylid genus to be found in Africa and the 25th viviparous genus and the 32nd genus to be added to the Gyrodactylidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Přikrylová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlařská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Water Research Group (Ecology), Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North West University, Private Bag X6001, Za-2520, Potchefstroom, South Africa. .,Department of Biodiversity, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, ZA-0727, Sovenga, South Africa.
| | - Andrew P Shinn
- Fish Vet Group Asia Limited, 99/386, Chaengwattana Building, Chaengwattana Rd., Kwaeng Toongsonghong, Khet Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.,Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Giuseppe Paladini
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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Zahradníčková P, Barson M, Luus-Powell WJ, Přikrylová I. Species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from cichlids from Zambezi and Limpopo river basins in Zimbabwe and South Africa: evidence for unexplored species richness. Syst Parasitol 2016; 93:679-700. [PMID: 27522367 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-016-9652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
New findings on Gyrodactylus spp. parasitising African cichlids in southern Africa are presented, comprising data from Zimbabwe and South Africa. Morphometry of opisthaptoral hard parts in combination with nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences confirmed the presence of six species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832. Three new species are described from fishes in Zimbabwe: Gyrodactylus chitandiri n. sp. from the gill arches of Coptodon rendalli (Boulenger) and Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Weber); Gyrodactylus occupatus n. sp. from the fins of Oreochromis niloticus (L.), Pharyngochromis acuticeps (Steindachner) and P. philander; and Gyrodactylus parisellei n. sp. from the fins of O. niloticus, P. philander and Tilapia sp. Gyrodactylus nyanzae Paperna, 1973 was also identified from the gills of O. niloticus and C. rendalli collected from two localities in Zimbabwe; these findings represent new host and locality records for this parasite. Gyrodactylus sturmbaueri Vanhove, Snoeks, Volckaert & Huyse, 2011 was identified from P. philander collected in South Africa and Zimbabwe thereby providing new host and locality records for this parasite. Finally, Gyrodactylus yacatli García-Vásquez, Hansen, Christison, Bron & Shinn, 2011 was collected from the fins of O. niloticus and P. philander studied in Zimbabwe; this represents the first record of this species from the continent of Africa. Notably, this study improves upon the knowledge of Gyrodactylus spp. parasitising cichlids from these southern African regions. All species studied were recorded from at least two different cichlid host species indicating trend for a wide range of Gyrodactylus hosts in Africa. Accordingly, this supports the idea of intensive host switching in the course of their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zahradníčková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maxwell Barson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Wilmien J Luus-Powell
- Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Iva Přikrylová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa. .,Water Research Group, School of for Environmental Sciences and Development, North West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
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Beletew M, Getahun A, Vanhove MPM. First report of monogenean flatworms from Lake Tana, Ethiopia: gill parasites of the commercially important Clarias gariepinus (Teleostei: Clariidae) and Oreochromis niloticus tana (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:410. [PMID: 27457488 PMCID: PMC4960870 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lake Tana is the largest lake in Ethiopia and the source of the Blue Nile. The lake harbours unique endemic cyprinid fish species, as well as the commercially important endemic Nile tilapia subspecies Oreochromis niloticus tana and the North African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Its endemicity, especially within the Labeobarbus radiation, its conservation importance and its economic indispensability attract scientific interest to the lake’s ichthyofauna. Fish parasites of Lake Tana, however, are hitherto poorly known, and no formal report exists on its monogenean flatworms. For sustainable aquaculture and fisheries development, it is essential to study monogenean fish parasites in these economically most important fish species. Moreover, it remains to be verified whether this unique ecosystem and its endemicity gave rise to a distinct parasite fauna as well. Results Nile tilapia and North African catfish hosts were collected from Lake Tana in 2013. Nine species of monogenean parasites of two orders, Gyrodactylidea Bychowsky, 1937 and Dactylogyridea Bychowsky, 1937, were recovered. Gyrodactylus gelnari Přikrylová, Blažek & Vanhove, 2012, Macrogyrodactylus clarii Gussev, 1961, Quadriacanthus aegypticus El-Naggar & Serag, 1986 and two undescribed Quadriacanthus species were recovered from C. gariepinus. Oreochromis niloticus tana hosted Cichlidogyrus cirratus Paperna, 1964, C. halli (Price & Kirk, 1967), C. thurstonae Ergens, 1981 and Scutogyrus longicornis (Paperna & Thurston, 1969). Conclusions Except for M. clarii, all species represent new records for Ethiopia. This first study on the monogenean fauna of Lake Tana revealed that the lake’s North African catfish, as well as its endemic Nile tilapia subspecies, harbour parasites that are known from these host species elsewhere in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Beletew
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O.Box: 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia. .,Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Stream, Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Abebe Getahun
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Stream, Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Biology Department, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Avenue, PO Box 712, Anavyssos, 190 13, Greece.,Present address: Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
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Přikrylová I, Luus-Powell WJ. Revision of the genus Afrogyrodactylus Paperna, 1968 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) with description of two new species from geographically distant localities. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2014. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2014.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vanhove MPM, Tessens B, Schoelinck C, Jondelius U, Littlewood DTJ, Artois T, Huyse T. Problematic barcoding in flatworms: A case-study on monogeneans and rhabdocoels (Platyhelminthes). Zookeys 2013:355-79. [PMID: 24453567 PMCID: PMC3890687 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.365.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some taxonomic groups are less amenable to mitochondrial DNA barcoding than others. Due to the paucity of molecular information of understudied groups and the huge molecular diversity within flatworms, primer design has been hampered. Indeed, all attempts to develop universal flatworm-specific COI markers have failed so far. We demonstrate how high molecular variability and contamination problems limit the possibilities for barcoding using standard COI-based protocols in flatworms. As a consequence, molecular identification methods often rely on other widely applicable markers. In the case of Monogenea, a very diverse group of platyhelminth parasites, and Rhabdocoela, representing one-fourth of all free-living flatworm taxa, this has led to a relatively high availability of nuclear ITS and 18S/28S rDNA sequences on GenBank. In a comparison of the effectiveness in species assignment we conclude that mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal markers perform equally well. In case intraspecific information is needed, rDNA sequences can guide the selection of the appropriate (i.e. taxon-specific) COI primers if available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten P M Vanhove
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ; Present address: Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bart Tessens
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Ulf Jondelius
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Tim J Littlewood
- Division of Parasites & Vectors, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Artois
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tine Huyse
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ; Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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The Gyrodactylus (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) parasite fauna of freshwater sand gobies (Teleostei, Gobioidei) in their centre of endemism, with description of seven new species. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:653-68. [PMID: 24288050 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
While Gobioidei comprises showcases of (adaptive) radiation, the scientific interest they yielded did not ensure full understanding of goby biodiversity. Even in a well-studied region like Europe, wide knowledge gaps remain. Sand gobies represent one of the few clades whose monogenean parasites have been thoroughly studied. However, in the Balkans, part of the sand gobies' centre of endemism, these parasites were unstudied. We focus on Greek and Croatian freshwater gobies. From five sand goby species, the first parasites are reported, describing seven new Gyrodactylus species. Economidichthys pygmaeus harbours Gyrodactylus benedeni sp. n. and Gyrodactylus dorlodoti sp. n. Its congener E. trichonis hosts G. meelkopae sp. n. Knipowitschia milleri was found to host G. charon sp. n., K. thessala is infected by G. bios sp. n., and K. croatica by G. douglasadamsi sp. n. and G. hellemansi sp. n. Gyrodactylus bubyri was found on its type host K. caucasica. A diverse parasite fauna is expected for a region known for its biodiversity and endemism. The contribution of parasites to species richness in such hotspots is overlooked. The observed species richness per host is rather low compared to the better-studied eastern Atlantic sand gobies. Host vicariance is considered to mediate parasite specificity in this fauna. Some new flatworm species display unique morphological features, such as the remarkable size of the marginal hook sickle proper compared to its foot in the Economidichthys parasites, or a characteristically kinked marginal hook sickle in G. douglasadamsi sp. n. These features reflect their hosts' endemism in the Balkans.
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Přikrylová I, Vanhove MPM, Janssens SB, Billeter PA, Huyse T. Tiny worms from a mighty continent: high diversity and new phylogenetic lineages of African monogeneans. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 67:43-52. [PMID: 23287552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The family Gyrodactylidae contains one of the most significant radiations of platyhelminth fish parasites. The so-called hyperviviparity is very rare in the animal kingdom, and the rapid generation time can lead to an explosive population growth, which can cause massive losses in farmed fish. Here we present the first molecular phylogeny including all-but-one African genera, inferred from ITS and 18S rDNA sequences. The validity of nominal genera is discussed in relation to the systematic value of morphological characters traditionally used for generic identification. New complete 18S rDNA sequences of 18 gyrodactylid species of eight genera together with ITS rDNA gene sequences of eight species representing seven genera were generated and complemented with GenBank sequences. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses pointed to a paraphyletic nature of African Gyrodactylus species. They formed well-supported clades possibly indicating speciation within host taxa: (1) parasites of cichlids (Cichlidae); (2) parasites of catfishes (Siluriformes), consisting of a lineage infecting mochokids and one infecting clariids. Macrogyrodactylus spp. firmly clustered into a monophyletic group. We found that Swingleus and Fundulotrema are very closely related and clearly cluster within Gyrodactylus. This supports earlier claims as to the paraphyly of the nominal genus Gyrodactylus as it is currently defined, and necessitates a revision of Swingleus and Fundulotrema. Molecular dating estimates confirmed a relatively young, certainly post-Gondwanan, origin of gyrodactylid lineages. Building on the previously suggested South-American origin of viviparous gyrodactylids, the dataset suggests subsequent intercontinental dispersal to Africa and from there repeated colonisation of the Holarctic. Even though the African continent has been heavily under sampled, the present diversity is far greater than in the intensively studied European fauna, probably because of the high endemicity of sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Přikrylová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Muterezi Bukinga F, Vanhove MPM, Van Steenberge M, Pariselle A. Ancyrocephalidae (Monogenea) of Lake Tanganyika: III: Cichlidogyrus infecting the world’s biggest cichlid and the non-endemic tribes Haplochromini, Oreochromini and Tylochromini (Teleostei, Cichlidae). Parasitol Res 2012; 111:2049-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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