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Molecular evidence of a putative new Atractolytocestus Anthony, 1958 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) species parasitic on common carp ( Cyprinus carpio) in the People's Republic of China. J Helminthol 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Three tapeworm species belonging to the genus Atractolytocestus Anthony, 1958 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) were reported from the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 in the People's Republic of China so far: Atractolytocestus sagittatus; Atractolytocestus tenuicollis; and Atractolytocestus huronensis. In this study, we identified a putatively new tapeworm species in common carp from the Danjiangkou Reservoir in Central China (Hubei Province). The species is morphologically similar to A. sagittatus, but it differed conspicuously in sequences of three molecular markers. Ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 2 sequence identity of the new species was 94.7–95.5%, 91.8–92.7% and 80.0–83.9% with A. huronensis, A. tenuicollis and A. sagittatus, respectively. cytochrome c oxidase and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 sequence identity with these three species was lower than 92%. We conclude that this is a new tapeworm species, and we named it after the locality: Atractolytocestus danjiangkouensis n. sp.
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Bazsalovicsová E, Králová-Hromadová I, Juhásová L, Mikulíček P, Oravcová A, Minárik G, Štefka J. Comparative analysis of monozoic fish tapeworms Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) and recently described Caryophyllaeus chondrostomi Barčák, Oros, Hanzelová, Scholz, 2017, using microsatellite markers. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3995-4004. [PMID: 33000432 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The monozoic tapeworm Caryophyllaeus laticeps has been characterized by five markedly different morphotypes largely corresponding to different fish hosts. Recently, the most distinct morphotype 4 from the common nase Chondrostoma nasus was studied in more details resulting in description of a new species Caryophyllaeus chondrostomi. The molecular study based on mitochondrial cox1 and ribosomal lsrDNA did not reveal any interspecific differences between C. laticeps and C. chondrostomi and did not provide any molecular support for recognition of these two species. In the current study, six polymorphic microsatellite markers were applied in order to detect molecular differences between the two species and to provide molecular evidence of validity of C. chondrostomi. While all six microsatellite loci were amplified in different geographic populations of C. laticeps, only two of them provided the amplification product in C. chondrostomi. Results on the Bayesian analysis assigned C. chondrostomi and all geographic populations of C. laticeps to distinct clusters. Neither any close relationships among C. laticeps populations nor specific position of C. chondrostomi were revealed. Contrary, the results of the principal coordinate analysis revealed striking genetic separation of C. chondrostomi with no overlaps with any of the C. laticeps population or morphotype. Caryophyllaeus chondrostomi very probably underwent morphological divergence as a result of ongoing speciation, but this process has not yet been accompanied by sufficient genetic divergence. In this particular case, microsatellites were proved to be better molecular discriminative markers than rDNA and mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bazsalovicsová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivica Králová-Hromadová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ludmila Juhásová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikulíček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Oravcová
- Medirex, a.s, Galvaniho 17/C, P.O. Box 143, 820 16, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Minárik
- Medirex, a.s, Galvaniho 17/C, P.O. Box 143, 820 16, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Štefka
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Špakulová M, Bombarová M, Miklisová D, Nechybová S, Langrová I. How to become a successful invasive tapeworm: a case study of abandoned sexuality and exceptional chromosome diversification in the triploid carp parasite Atractolytocestus huronensis Anthony, 1958 (Caryophyllidea: Lytocestidae). Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:161. [PMID: 30971300 PMCID: PMC6458723 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A cytogenetic analysis of the new local triploid population of the caryophyllidean tapeworm Atractolytocestus huronensis, a unique parthenogenetic species with the ability to colonise new regions, was performed to understand the inner structure of its chromosome complement. Methods A karyotype analysis was carried out using classical Giemsa staining and C-banding combined with fluorescent DAPI staining. A hypothesis that triplets are composed from three homologue chromosomes of approximately the same length and same centromere position was tested statistically for multiple dependent variables using a non-parametric Friedman’s ANOVA. The chromosomal location of ribosomal DNA clusters within the nucleolar organization region (NORs) and telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequences were detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Chromosomes were subjected to AgNO3 staining in order to determine whether the rDNA sites represent active NORs. Results The cytogenetic analysis confirmed the karyotype composed from eight chromosome triplets (3n = 24) as well as the existence of a pair of NORs located on each chromosome of the second triplet. Six NORs varied their activity from cell to cell, and it was reflected in the numbers of nucleoli (from 1 to 5). A huge morphological diversification of homologue chromosomes was originally detected in six out of eight triplets; the homologue elements differed significantly either in length and/or morphology, and some of them carried discernible interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs), while the end telomeres were minute. The heterochromatin bands with high AT content varied irregularly, and the course of aberrant spermatogenesis was evident. Conclusions Diversification of homologues is a unique phenomenon very likely caused by the long-term absence of a recombination and consequential accumulation of chromosome rearrangements in the genome of A. huronensis during species evolution. Unalterable asexual reproduction of the tapeworm, along with international trade in its host (carp), is facilitating its ongoing spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Špakulová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Praha Suchdol, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Marta Bombarová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001, Košice, Slovakia.,Department of Genetics, Medirex Laboratories, a.s., Magnezitárska 2/C, 04013, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dana Miklisová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Stanislava Nechybová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Praha Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Langrová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Praha Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Bazsalovicsová E, Králová-Hromadová I, Xi BW, Štefka J. Tour around the globe: The case of invasive tapeworm Atractolytocestus huronensis (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), a parasite of common carp. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:366-374. [PMID: 29486319 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The monozoic tapeworm Atractolytocestus huronensis Anthony, 1958 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), an intestinal parasite of the common carp, is characterized by its invasive character and potential to colonize new territories. It was initially described from North America and has also been found in several European countries. The most recent findings of A. huronensis originated from China and South Africa; however, no data on genetic relationships of these populations were available. The current study provides the first molecular characterisation of A. huronensis from South Africa and China using a partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and a complete ribosomal ITS2 spacer. Ribosomal and mitochondrial data were applied for phylogenetic analyses in order to assess the genetic interrelationships among global A. huronensis populations. Divergent intragenomic copies of ribosomal ITS2 were detected in all analysed specimens; the structure and frequency of the ITS2 variants of tapeworms from China and South Africa corresponded with the data on ITS2 paralogues observed previously in A. huronensis from Slovakia, the United States and the United Kingdom. The phylogenetic analysis of cox1 indicated that A. huronensis exist in two slightly differentiated clusters; one cluster was supported by all phylogenetic approaches (NJ, ML, BI) and was represented by samples from China, the USA and the UK. A second cluster was represented by tapeworms from continental Europe (Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Croatia) and South Africa. Haplotype network analysis revealed that the highest population diversity occurs in China. The results provide useful pilot information about the interrelationships of A. huronensis on four continents and indicate that China, or the eastern Palaearctic, served as the original source population for the global expansion of this invasive tapeworm. Data on the origin and distribution of the common carp, the only specific host of A. huronensis, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing-Wen Xi
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jan Štefka
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Khawia sinensis belongs among platyhelminths, cestodes. Exp Parasitol 2017; 177:35-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Scholz T, Tavakol S, Halajian A, Luus-Powell WJ. The invasive fish tapeworm Atractolytocestus huronensis (Cestoda), a parasite of carp, colonises Africa. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3521-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Králová-Hromadová I, Minárik G, Bazsalovicsová E, Mikulíček P, Oravcová A, Pálková L, Hanzelová V. Development of microsatellite markers in Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), monozoic fish tapeworm, using next-generation sequencing approach. Parasitol Res 2014; 114:721-6. [PMID: 25482859 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas 1781) (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) is a monozoic tapeworm of cyprinid fishes with a distribution area that includes Europe, most of the Palaearctic Asia and northern Africa. Broad geographic distribution, wide range of definitive fish hosts and recently revealed high morphological plasticity of the parasite, which is not in an agreement with molecular findings, make this species to be an interesting model for population biology studies. Microsatellites (short tandem repeat (STR) markers), as predominant markers for population genetics, were designed for C. laticeps using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. Out of 165 marker candidates, 61 yielded PCR products of the expected size and in 25 of the candidates a declared repetitive motif was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. After the fragment analysis, six loci were proved to be polymorphic and tested for heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the presence of null alleles on 59 individuals coming from three geographically widely separated populations (Slovakia, Russia and UK). The number of alleles in particular loci and populations ranged from two to five. Significant deficit of heterozygotes and the presence of null alleles were found in one locus in all three populations. Other loci showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the presence of null alleles only in some populations. In spite of relatively low polymorphism and the potential presence of null alleles, newly developed microsatellites may be applied as suitable markers in population genetic studies of C. laticeps.
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Bazsalovicsová E, Králová-Hromadová I, Brabec J, Hanzelová V, Oros M, Scholz T. Conflict between morphology and molecular data: a case of the genus Caryophyllaeus (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), monozoic tapeworms of cyprinid fishes. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2014. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2014.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Otachi EO, Magana AEM, Jirsa F, Fellner-Frank C. Parasites of commercially important fish from Lake Naivasha, Rift Valley, Kenya. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1057-67. [PMID: 24407916 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Lake Naivasha, the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. 1758 was accidentally introduced from fish farms adjacent to River Malewa in 1999 and now forms the bulk of the total fish caught. Since its introduction, no study has been made on its parasitic community nor are there any reports on ectoparasites from other fish species in this lake to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the parasitic community of C. carpio and two other commercially important fish species: Oreochromis leucostictus and Tilapia zillii. Additionally, the abundant Barbus paludinosus was included in the study. A total of 286 fish (145C. carpio, 56 O. leucostictus, 18 T. zillii, and 67 B. paludinosus) were collected during the year 2011 and examined. Ten taxa of parasites were recovered from C. carpio dominated by the monogenean Dactylogyrus minutus, occurring with a prevalence (p) of 99.3%. Thirteen taxa of parasites were identified from O. leucostictus dominated by monogeneans Cichlidogyrus spp. (p = 91.1%). T. zillii harbored nine taxa of parasites with the digenean Tylodelphys sp. (p = 83.3%) being dominant and B. paludinosus harbored 11 taxa of parasites dominated by an unidentified monogenean of the genus Dactylogyrus (p = 83.6%). C. carpio had the lowest helminth species diversity and richness while monogenetic trematodes, which have never been reported from fish in Lake Naivasha, were the most prevalent parasites recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elick O Otachi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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The tapeworm Atractolytocestus tenuicollis (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea)—a sister species or ancestor of an invasive A. huronensis? Parasitol Res 2013; 112:3379-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sequence structure and intragenomic variability of ribosomal ITS2 in monozoic tapeworms of the genus Khawia (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of cyprinid fish. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1621-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Brabec J, Scholz T, Králová-Hromadová I, Bazsalovicsová E, Olson PD. Substitution saturation and nuclear paralogs of commonly employed phylogenetic markers in the Caryophyllidea, an unusual group of non-segmented tapeworms (Platyhelminthes). Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:259-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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