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Bai Y, Zhang Z, Jin L, Zhu Y, Zhao L, Shi B, Li J, Guo G, Guo B, McManus DP, Wang S, Zhang W. Dynamic Changes in the Global Transcriptome and MicroRNAome Reveal Complex miRNA-mRNA Regulation in Early Stages of the Bi-Directional Development of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:654. [PMID: 32373094 PMCID: PMC7188192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis is a life-threatening disease caused by the larval stages of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Protoscoleces (PSCs) of this worm have the ability of bi-directional development to either larval cysts or strobilar adult worms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this development process are unknown. Results RNA and small RNAs sequencing was employed to characterize the gene and miRNA expression at 0–24 h and 7–14 days in the bi-directional development of PSCs. A total of 963 genes and 31 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the early development of PSCs to adult worms whereas 972 genes and 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the early development of PSCs to cysts. Pairwise comparison between the two developmental patterns showed that 172 genes and 15 miRNAs were differentially expressed at three time-points. Most of these genes were temporally changed at 24 h or 7 days. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in early adult worm development are associated with nervous system development and carbohydrate metabolic process; whereas, the differentially expressed genes in early cystic development are associated with transmembrane transporter activity and nucleoside triphosphatase activity. In addition, miR-71 and miR-219 regulated genes are likely involved in oxidation reduction in adult worm development. Conclusion The early stages of bi-directional development in E. granulosus PSCs are controlled by miRNAs and genes likely associated with nervous system development and carbohydrate metabolic process. ATP-dependent transporter genes are associated with cystic development. These results may be important for exploring the mechanisms underlying early development in E. granulosus providing novel information that can be used to discover new therapeutics for controlling cystic echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhang
- Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Baoxin Shi
- Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Baoping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shengyue Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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2
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Choi YJ, Fontenla S, Fischer PU, Le TH, Costábile A, Blair D, Brindley PJ, Tort JF, Cabada MM, Mitreva M. Adaptive Radiation of the Flukes of the Family Fasciolidae Inferred from Genome-Wide Comparisons of Key Species. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:84-99. [PMID: 31501870 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver and intestinal flukes of the family Fasciolidae cause zoonotic food-borne infections that impact both agriculture and human health throughout the world. Their evolutionary history and the genetic basis underlying their phenotypic and ecological diversity are not well understood. To close that knowledge gap, we compared the whole genomes of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, and Fasciolopsis buski and determined that the split between Fasciolopsis and Fasciola took place ∼90 Ma in the late Cretaceous period, and that between 65 and 50 Ma an intermediate host switch and a shift from intestinal to hepatic habitats occurred in the Fasciola lineage. The rapid climatic and ecological changes occurring during this period may have contributed to the adaptive radiation of these flukes. Expansion of cathepsins, fatty-acid-binding proteins, protein disulfide-isomerases, and molecular chaperones in the genus Fasciola highlights the significance of excretory-secretory proteins in these liver-dwelling flukes. Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica diverged ∼5 Ma near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary that coincides with reduced faunal exchange between Africa and Eurasia. Severe decrease in the effective population size ∼10 ka in Fasciola is consistent with a founder effect associated with its recent global spread through ruminant domestication. G-protein-coupled receptors may have key roles in adaptation of physiology and behavior to new ecological niches. This study has provided novel insights about the genome evolution of these important pathogens, has generated genomic resources to enable development of improved interventions and diagnosis, and has laid a solid foundation for genomic epidemiology to trace drug resistance and to aid surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Choi
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Santiago Fontenla
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Peter U Fischer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Alicia Costábile
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - David Blair
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jose F Tort
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Miguel M Cabada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Chen HY, Cheng YS, Shih HH. Expression patterns and structural modelling of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in a fish-borne zoonotic nematode Anisakis pegreffii. Vet Parasitol 2015. [PMID: 26215928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential molecular chaperones that are highly conserved across organisms. They have a pivotal function in responding to thermal stress and are responsible for many cellular functions. Here, we aimed to elucidate the possible roles of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the life cycle of the parasitic nematode Anisakis, particularly third- and fourth-stage larvae, from cold-blooded fish to warm-blooded marine mammals or accidentally to human hosts. We examined the expression profiles of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in different developmental stages of Anisakis pegreffii. The open reading frame of Hsp70 of A. pegreffii was 1950 bp, and deduced amino acid sequence showed high homology with those of other nematodes. Heatmap analysis revealed sequence identity of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in 13 important parasitic species, human and yeast. On heatmap and phylogenetic analysis, ApHsp70 and ApHsp90 shared the highest amino acid sequence identity with other nematodes and formed a monophyletic clade. The three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction of the newly characterized ApHsp70 and known ApHsp90 gene showed highly conserved motifs between A. pegreffii and other species. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis revealed higher mRNA and protein expression for ApHsp70 and ApHsp90 in fourth- than third-stage larvae, with higher mRNA and protein expression for ApHsp70 than ApHsp90. ApHsp70 and ApHsp90 may play important roles in Anisakis in response to thermal stress and might be important molecules in the development of A. pegreffii, which has implications for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Hui Shih
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
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Pereira ASA, Cavalcanti MGS, Zingali RB, Lima-Filho JL, Chaves MEC. Isoforms of Hsp70-binding human LDL in adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1145-52. [PMID: 25573694 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni is one of the most common parasites infecting humans. They are well adapted to the host, and this parasite's longevity is a consequence of effective escape from the host immune system. In the blood circulation, lipoproteins not only help to conceal the worm from attack by host antibodies but also act as a source of lipids for S. mansoni. Previous SEM studies showed that the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles present on the surface of adult S. mansoni worms decreased in size when the incubation time increased. In this study, immunocytochemical and proteomic analyses were used to locate and identify S. mansoni binding proteins to human plasma LDL. Ultrathin sections of adult worms were cut transversely from the anterior, medial and posterior regions of the parasite. Immunocytochemical experiments revealed particles of gold in the tegument, muscle region and spine in male worms and around vitelline cells in females. Immunoblotting and 2D-electrophoresis using incubations with human serum, anti-LDL antibodies and anti-chicken IgG peroxidase conjugate were performed to identify LDL-binding proteins in S. mansoni. Analysis of the binding proteins using LC-MS identified two isoforms of the Hsp70 chaperone in S. mansoni. Hsp70 is involved in the interaction with apoB in the cytoplasm and its transport to the endoplasmic reticulum. However, further studies are needed to clarify the functional role of Hsp70 in S. mansoni, mainly related to the interaction with human LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S A Pereira
- Laboratório de Expressão Gênica em Eucariotos, Instituto de Química - Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, sala 1200, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil,
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5
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Neves BJ, Braga RC, Bezerra JCB, Cravo PVL, Andrade CH. In silico repositioning-chemogenomics strategy identifies new drugs with potential activity against multiple life stages of Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e3435. [PMID: 25569258 PMCID: PMC4287566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality caused by schistosomiasis are serious public health problems in developing countries. Because praziquantel is the only drug in therapeutic use, the risk of drug resistance is a concern. In the search for new schistosomicidal drugs, we performed a target-based chemogenomics screen of a dataset of 2,114 proteins to identify drugs that are approved for clinical use in humans that may be active against multiple life stages of Schistosoma mansoni. Each of these proteins was treated as a potential drug target, and its amino acid sequence was used to interrogate three databases: Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DrugBank and STITCH. Predicted drug-target interactions were refined using a combination of approaches, including pairwise alignment, conservation state of functional regions and chemical space analysis. To validate our strategy, several drugs previously shown to be active against Schistosoma species were correctly predicted, such as clonazepam, auranofin, nifedipine, and artesunate. We were also able to identify 115 drugs that have not yet been experimentally tested against schistosomes and that require further assessment. Some examples are aprindine, gentamicin, clotrimazole, tetrabenazine, griseofulvin, and cinnarizine. In conclusion, we have developed a systematic and focused computer-aided approach to propose approved drugs that may warrant testing and/or serve as lead compounds for the design of new drugs against schistosomes. Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by schistosome parasites that affects millions of people worldwide. The current reliance on a single drug (Praziquantel) for treatment and control of the disease calls for the urgent discovery of novel schistosomicidal agents. One approach that can expedite drug discovery is to find new uses for existing approved drugs, a practice known as drug repositioning. Currently, modern drug repositioning strategies entail the search for compounds that act on a specific target, often a protein known or suspected to be required for survival of the parasite. Drug repositioning approaches for schistosomiasis are now greatly facilitated by the availability of comprehensive schistosome genome data in user-friendly databases. Here, we report a drug repositioning computational strategy that involves identification of novel schistosomicidal drug candidates using similarity between schistosome proteins and known drug targets. Researchers can now use the list of predicted drugs as a basis for deciding which potential schistosomicidal candidates can be tested experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno J. Neves
- LabMol – Laboratory for Drug Design and Modeling, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho C. Braga
- LabMol – Laboratory for Drug Design and Modeling, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiaânia, Brazil
| | - José C. B. Bezerra
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Pedro V. L. Cravo
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Centro de Malária e Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina H. Andrade
- LabMol – Laboratory for Drug Design and Modeling, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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6
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Tian F, Hou M, Chen L, Gao Y, Zhang X, Ji M, Wu G. Proteomic analysis of schistosomiasis japonica vaccine candidate antigens recognized by UV-attenuated cercariae-immunized porcine serum IgG2. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2791-803. [PMID: 23715679 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have showed that the radiation-attenuated cercariae (RAC) vaccine could induce the high protection of laboratory animals to resist the schistosoma infection by cellular and humoral mechanism. Here, we aimed to identify possible vaccine antigens by using specific IgG2 antibody from RAC-vaccinated pigs or vaccination and challenge pigs. The antigens from the schistosomal soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) recognized by the porcine IgG2 antibody were obtained using immunoprecipitation technique. These antigens were separated by 2-D electrophoresis, and 116 spots were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF MS from about 400 putative spots in gels. Among these spots, 113 spots could match to the Schistosoma japonicum. These identified proteins in four groups were classified by Gene Ontology (Go) database, and the mainly functions of these proteins were involved in binding, catalytic activity (thioredoxin peroxidase-2, et al.), signal transduction class (MAP Kinase, et al.), cell process (the heat shock 70-kDa protein 9B, et al.), and the intracellular component (tektin, et al.). Our methods suggested that it was possible to pull-down the interesting proteins recognized by specific antibodies. Our results may provide new clues for exploring the mechanism of high protection induced by RAC and shed some light on the research for anti-schistosomiasis japonica vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tian
- Department of Pathogen Biology& Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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A recombined protein (rSj16) derived from Schistosoma japonicum induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of murine myeloid leukemia cells. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:1261-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Sun X, Lv Z, Peng H, Fung M, Yang L, Yang J, Zheng H, Liang J, Wu Z. Effects of a recombinant schistosomal-derived anti-inflammatory molecular (rSj16) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activated RAW264.7. Parasitol Res 2012; 110:2429-37. [PMID: 22281546 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages as a principal component of immune system play an important role in the initiation, modulation, and final activation of immune response against pathogens including schistosomes. Classical (M1) or alternative (M2) activation states of macrophage have different functions during infections. Previously, we report that the schistosomal-derived anti-inflammatory molecule coding gene (named Sj16) was isolated and the recombinant Sj16 (rSj16) was expressed in Escherichia coli. rSj16 has been demonstrated to have definite anti-inflammatory effect in vivo and in vitro on rodent model. To study the molecular basis on anti-inflammatory of rSj16, in the present paper, we investigate the effects of rSj16 on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activated RAW264.7, a murine macrophage cell line. We found that rSj16 inhibited LPS-induced activation of RAW264.7, as evidenced by impacting the proliferation, phagocytosis, and migration of the RAW264.7. After pretreated with rSj16, it showed the most potent inhibitory effects of rSj16 on the nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, rSj16 also significantly decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α, whereas it increased the levels of immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. rSj16 can also inhibit the LPS-induced activation of NF-κβ. These results further imply that Sj16 contributes to the immune evasion of Schistosoma japonicum through alternatively activated macrophage (M2), and rSj16 is expected to serve as a potential drug source for the medication of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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