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Sures B, Nachev M, Grabner D. The Rhine as Hotspot of Parasite Invasions. PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29061-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hohenadler MAA, Honka KI, Emde S, Klimpel S, Sures B. First evidence for a possible invasional meltdown among invasive fish parasites. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15085. [PMID: 30305713 PMCID: PMC6180077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are frequently studied topics in ecological research. Unfortunately, within invasion ecology parasite-associated aspects such as parasite impacts on new environments and on local host populations are less well-studied. Round gobies migrating from the Ponto-Caspian region into the Rhine River system are heavily infested with the Ponto-Caspian acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis. As shown by experimental infestations the acanthocephalans occur as pre-adults in host-encapsulated cysts within the internal organs of the migrating gobies, but remain infective for their definitive host chub. Recently, we described the occurrence of larvae of another parasite, the invasive eel swim bladder nematode Anguillicola crassus, in these Pomphorhynchus cysts. In the present study, we could prove the infectivity of the nematode larvae for European eels for the first time. After experimental inoculation of Pomphorhynchus cysts occasionally infested with A. crassus larvae, the nematodes grow to maturity and reproduce whereas all P. laevis were unviable. We therefore postulate that the nematode larvae behave like immunological hitchhikers that follow a “Trojan horse strategy” in order to avoid the paratenic host’s immune response. Accordingly, the interaction between both invasive parasites gives first evidence that the invasional meltdown hypothesis may also apply to parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A A Hohenadler
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - K I Honka
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - S Emde
- Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen (LANUV), Fisheries Ecology, Heinsberger Str. 53, 57399, Kirchhundem-Albaum, Germany.,Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Klimpel
- Goethe-University, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany. .,Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Abstract
AbstractMany helminth taxa have complex life cycles, involving different life stages infecting different host species in a particular order to complete a single generation. Although the broad outlines of these cycles are known for any higher taxon, the details (morphology and biology of juvenile stages, specific identity of intermediate hosts) are generally unknown for particular species. In this review, we first provide quantitative evidence that although new helminth species are described annually at an increasing rate, the parallel effort to elucidate life cycles has become disproportionately smaller over time. We then review the use of morphological matching, experimental infections and genetic matching as approaches to elucidate helminth life cycles. Next we discuss the various research areas or disciplines that could benefit from a solid knowledge of particular life cycles, including integrative taxonomy, the study of parasite evolution, food-web ecology, and the management and control of parasitic diseases. Finally, we end by proposing changes to the requirements for new species descriptions and further large-scale attempts to genetically match adult and juvenile helminth stages in regional faunas, as part of a plea to parasitologists to bring parasite life-cycle studies back into mainstream research.
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Temporal and spatial changes in the composition and structure of helminth component communities in European eels Anguilla anguilla in an Adriatic coastal lagoon and some freshwaters in Italy. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:113-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Irena VS, Damir V, Damir K, Zrinka D, Emil G, Helena C, Emin T. Molecular characterisation and infection dynamics of Dentitruncus truttae from trout (Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Krka River, Croatia. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:604-13. [PMID: 23972767 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dentitruncus truttae (Acanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala) is an intestinal parasite of fish that can cause extensive damage to the host digestive tract, yet little is known about its epidemiology and genetic variability. It is a member of the Illiosentidae family with a worldwide distribution restricted to parts of southeast Europe. Its usual host is brown trout (Salmo trutta), but we report here the first detection in the intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We examined the physiology of D. truttae-infected S. trutta and O. mykiss, seasonal and spatial variability of D. truttae infections, and genetic variability of the parasite population in Krka River, Croatia. D. truttae was more abundant in both trout populations in the autumn, with no seasonal variation in prevalence. The parasite was more abundant in male than female trout (n=75, p<0.01). Analysis of the spatial distribution of the parasite across various sampling sites along the river showed the lowest prevalence and abundance of parasitic infections at the most downstream sampling site, which may reflect the predominance of female fish there and/or the smaller population of intermediate hosts. To provide the first molecular insights into D. truttae, we analysed sequences at three marker loci: the 18S rRNA gene, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene and the internal transcribed spacer region. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA confirmed the taxonomic grouping of D. truttae in the Illiosentidae family, first made more than 50 years ago based on morphology. The COI haplotype network did not show discrete genetic clusters corresponding to the different sampling sites, suggesting a stable population. These insights into D. truttae haplotype frequency distribution and intrapopulation genetic variation revealed minimal genetic variability, compared to the other acanthocephalan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardić Smrzlić Irena
- Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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