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Hua T, Chang C, Zhang X, Huang Y, Wang H, Zhang D, Tang B. Protective efficacy of intranasal inactivated pseudorabies vaccine is improved by combination adjuvant in mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:976220. [PMID: 36187997 PMCID: PMC9520748 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.976220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) not only causes great economic loss to the pig industry but also seriously threatens the biosafety of other mammals, including humans. Since 2011, PRV mutant strains have emerged widely in China, and the classical Bartha-K61 vaccine cannot confer complete protection for pigs. PRV mainly infects pigs via the respiratory tract. Intranasal immunization with PRV has received more attention because intranasal vaccination elicits systemic and mucosal immune responses. To induce systemic and mucosal immune responses against PRV, we developed a combination adjuvant as a delivery system for intranasal vaccine, which was formulated with MONTANIDE™ Gel 01 and CVCVA5. In comparison to naked antigen of inactivated PRV, single Gel 01 adjuvanted inactivated antigen and single CVCVA5 adjuvanted inactivated antigen, intranasal inactivated PRV vaccine formulated with the combination adjuvant induced greater mucosal IgA immunity and serum antibody responses (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a). Furthermore, the production of the Th1-type cytokine IFN-γ and the Th2-type cytokine IL-4 indicated that the cellular and humoral responses to the intranasal vaccine were improved by the combination adjuvant. In addition, the intranasal vaccine formulated with the combination adjuvant induced long-term T lymphocyte memory with increased central (CD62L+CD44+) and effector (CD62L–CD44+) memory subsets of both CD4 and CD8 T cells in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. Intranasal challenge with virulent PRV in mice showed that the protective efficacy of the intranasal PRV vaccine was improved by the combination adjuvant compared with the other single-adjuvanted vaccines. In summary, these data demonstrated that Gel 01 combined with the CVCVA5 adjuvant induced a synergistic effect to improve mucosal immunity and protective efficacy of the intranasally inactivated PRV vaccine in mice. It represents a promising vaccination approach against PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hua
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- National Research Center of Veterinary Bio-product Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- National Research Center of Veterinary Bio-product Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- National Research Center of Veterinary Bio-product Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- National Research Center of Veterinary Bio-product Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- National Research Center of Veterinary Bio-product Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daohua Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- National Research Center of Veterinary Bio-product Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- National Research Center of Veterinary Bio-product Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Tang,
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Kinetics of Eosinophils during Development of the Cellular Infiltrate Surrounding the Nurse Cell of Trichinella spiralis in Experimentally Infected Mice. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111382. [PMID: 34832538 PMCID: PMC8617616 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the kinetics of eosinophils during the development of the cellular infiltrate surrounding the nurse cell of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) in experimentally infected mice. Male CD1 mice were experimentally infected with 50 viable muscle larvae of the MSUS/MEX/91/CM-91 T. spiralis strain. Tongues and diaphragms were obtained daily from days 13 to 39 post infection. Diaphragms were compressed and subjected to Giemsa stain. Tongues were histologically sectioned and stained with erythrosine B or hematoxylin and eosin. The cellular infiltrate and the nurse cell-larva complex were detected by optical microscopy since day 16 post infection. The size of the larva increased exponentially during the course of the infection. The kinetics of eosinophils showed a multimodal trend, with a bimodal predominance. The maximum peaks were reached on days 21 and 27 post infection. The results of this study demonstrate that eosinophils occur abundantly in two transcendent moments of the T. spiralis life cycle: first, when the stage 1 larva invades the myocyte and second when the nurse cell-larva complex has been fully developed. These results help one to understand the immunobiology of T. spiralis, highlighting the importance of eosinophils in the survival of the larva in skeletal muscle. Further studies are needed to characterize the cell populations that comprise the cellular infiltrate during the development of the mother cell.
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Solís-Hernández D, Saucedo-Gutiérrez KL, Meza-Lucas A, Gómez-de-Anda FR, Medina-Lerena MS, García-Rodea R, Corona-Souza MT, Pérez-Ramírez MÁ, Vega-Sánchez V, de-la-Rosa-Arana JL. Statistical approach to Trichinella infection in horses handled by rural slaughterhouses across five distinctive socioeconomic regions in Mexico. Rev Argent Microbiol 2020; 52:288-292. [PMID: 32507326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the prevalence of Trichinella infection in horses (Equus ferus caballus) handled by rural slaughterhouses across five distinctive socioeconomic regions in Mexico. Serum samples were obtained by non-probabilistic convenience sampling in the Eastern, Southern Central and Western regions (100 samples of each). Additionally, muscle tissue samples were collected from the East (n=45), Southeastern (n=88), Southern Central (n=39) and Southwestern (n=11) regions. Antibodies were determined by Western blot and the muscle tissue was examined by artificial digestion. A global antibody prevalence of 2% was obtained. Regionally, a prevalence of 5% was observed in the East and 1% in the Southern Central region. No antibodies were detected in the West region and no larvae were found in the muscle tissue samples. These findings support the low presence of Trichinella in Mexican horses, which can positively impact the Mexican horse meat trade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Meza-Lucas
- Institute for Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference, Ministry of Health, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ricardo García-Rodea
- Institute for Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference, Ministry of Health, Mexico
| | | | | | - Vicente Vega-Sánchez
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Mexico
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Gutierrez-Sanchez MDLA, Luna-Herrera J, Trejo-Castro L, Montenegro-Cristino N, Almanza-Gonzalez A, Escobar-Gutierrez A, de la Rosa-Arana JL. Influence of levamisole and Freund's adjuvant on mouse immunisation with antigens of adults of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2015; 62. [PMID: 26384366 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2015.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the influence of both levamisole (AL) and Freund's adjuvant (AF) on the immunisation of mice with the secretory antigens of adults of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758. Total IgG antibodies were detected in all groups where the F. hepatica antigen was administered, been levels of IgG1 increased respect to IgG2a antibodies. During immunisation, IL-4 and IFN-γ were only detected in AL and AF groups, but after infection, IL-4 boosted in all groups. IFN-γ increased two fold in AF and AL groups compared to the saline solution (AS) group. Worm recovering was of 32-35% in groups administered without antigen whereas in AS, AL and AF groups recovering was of 25%, 12% and 8%, respectively. Macroscopical lesions in the liver were scarce in AL and AF groups. Our data suggest that immunisation of mice with antigens of F. hepatica enhances the immune response avoiding both liver damage and worm establishment after challenge infection. The murine model of fasciolosis has appeared to be useful to elucidate the mechanism by which the parasite modulates immune responses toward a Th2 type but also the development of Th1 type-inducing vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julieta Luna-Herrera
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico D. F., Mexico
| | - Lauro Trejo-Castro
- Centro Nacional de Servicios de Constatacion en Salud Animal, Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentacion, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Natividad Montenegro-Cristino
- Centro Nacional de Servicios de Constatacion en Salud Animal, Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentacion, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Almanza-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico D. F., Mexico
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