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Zhan J, Song H, Wang N, Guo C, Shen N, Hua R, Shi Y, Angel C, Gu X, Xie Y, Lai W, Peng X, Yang G. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAP, BIRP) in Echinococcus granulosus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:729. [PMID: 32390980 PMCID: PMC7188921 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, resulting in cystic echinococcosis, a parasitic zoonosis, causes huge economic losses to the livestock industry and poses a threat to public health. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) is a class of endogenous anti-apoptotic family, which plays a significant functional role in the regulation of organism’s development. Herein, to explore potential functions of IAPs in E. granulosus, two members of IAPs from E. granulosus (Eg-IAP and Eg-BIRP) were cloned, expressed, and molecularly characterized. Eg-IAP and Eg-BIRP encoded putative 331 and 168 residue proteins, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis showed that both proteins contained a type II BIR domain-the essential functional domain of IAPs. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed that both proteins were ubiquitously localized in all life-cycle stages of E. granulosus. Our fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results revealed relatively higher transcription levels of two Eg-IAPs in protoscoleces (PSCs) compared to the 18-day strobilated worms. We further used different concentrations of LCL161, a Smac-mimetic pan-IAPs inhibitor, to induce the apoptosis in PSCs in vitro, and revealed that the survival rate of PSCs and transcription levels of both genes were negatively correlated with the concentration of LCL161. While the results of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay also showed a higher apoptotic rate in PSCs with the increasing concentrations of LCL161. Taken together, our findings provide the reasonable evidence that both Eg-IAP and Eg-BIRP have potential implication in critical anti-apoptotic roles during the development of E. granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafei Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiqi Hua
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Christiana Angel
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Huang P, Zhou M, Cheng S, Hu Y, Gao M, Ma Y, Limpanont Y, Zhou H, Dekumyoy P, Cheng Y, Lv Z. Myricetin Possesses Anthelmintic Activity and Attenuates Hepatic Fibrosis via Modulating TGFβ1 and Akt Signaling and Shifting Th1/Th2 Balance in Schistosoma japonicum-Infected Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593. [PMID: 32373112 PMCID: PMC7176910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic and debilitating parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum. Praziquantel remains the choice for treating schistosomiasis, but its efficacy could be hampered by emergence of resistance. In this study, using large-scale drug screening, we selected out myricetin, a natural flavonol compound, having a good anti-schistosome effect. We found that myricetin exhibited dose and time-dependent insecticidal effect on S. japonicum in vitro, with an LC50 of 600 μM for 24 h, and inhibited female spawning. The drug mainly destroyed the body structure of the worms and induced apoptosis of the worm cells, which in turn led to death. In addition, oral administration of myricetin in mice infected with S. japonicum showed a deworming effect in vivo, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the liver egg load. H&E staining, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting assays showed that myricetin significantly alleviated liver fibrosis in mice infected with S. japonicum. Myricetin also effectively inhibited the expression of TGFβ1, Smad2, phospho-Smad2, Smad3, phospho-Smad3, ERK, phospho-ERK, Akt, and phospho-Akt in the liver of infected mice, suggesting that myricetin attenuated liver fibrosis in mice via modulating TGFβ1 and Akt signaling. Flow cytometric analysis of Th subtypes (Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg) in the mouse spleen further revealed that myricetin significantly increased the percentage Th1 cells in infected mice and reduced the proportion of Th2 cells and Th17 cells. Immunology multiplex assay further showed that myricetin attenuated S. japonicum-induced rise in the plasma levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17A in infected mice while increasing the plasma contents of IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-7. In conclusion, our study provides the first direct evidence that myricin possesses potent anti-schistosome activities in vitro and in vivo, and offers new insights into the mechanisms of action by myricetin. The present findings suggest that myricetin could be further explored as a therapeutic agent for S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Minyu Zhou
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaoyun Cheng
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Minzhao Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanin Limpanont
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Paron Dekumyoy
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yixin Cheng
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Liu J, Giri BR, Chen Y, Luo R, Xia T, Grevelding CG, Cheng G. Schistosoma japonicum IAP and Teg20 safeguard tegumental integrity by inhibiting cellular apoptosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006654. [PMID: 30044778 PMCID: PMC6078320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomes are causative agents of human schistosomiasis, which is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Adult schistosomes can survive in their final hosts for several decades, and they have evolved various strategies to overcome the host immune response. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms that regulate parasitic cell survival will open avenues for developing novel strategies against schistosomiasis. Our previous study suggested that an inhibitor of apoptosis protein in Schistosoma japonicum (SjIAP) may play important roles in parasitic survival and development. Here, we demonstrated that SjIAP can negatively regulate cellular apoptosis in S. japonicum by suppressing caspase activity. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that SjIAP ubiquitously expressed within the worm body including the tegument. Silencing of SjIAP expression via small interfering RNA led to destruction of the tegument integrity in schistosomes. We further used co-immunoprecipitation to identify interaction partners of SjIAP and revealed the tegument protein SjTeg-20 as a putative interacting partner of SjIAP. The interaction between SjIAP and SjTeg-20 was confirmed by a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay. Moreover, results of a TUNEL assay, RNA interference, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, caspase assays, transcript profiling, and protein localization of both interacting molecules provided first evidence for an essential role of SjIAP and SjTeg-20 to maintain the structural integrity of the tegument by negatively regulating apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that the cooperative activities of SjIAP and SjTeg-20 belong to the strategic inventory of S. japonicum ensuring survival in the hostile environment within the vasculature of the final host. Schistosomiasis is a worldwide public health concern particularly in developing countries. The causative agents, schistosomes, can survive within the vascular system of their final hosts for several decades despite facing the host’s immune response. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism of cell survival will contribute to the understanding of host-parasite interaction and may lead to the identification of suitable targets for developing novel strategies against schistosomiasis. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins are highly conserved proteins functioning as endogenous inhibitors of apoptotic cell death. Here, we demonstrated that an inhibitor of apoptosis protein of Schistosoma japonicum (SjIAP) governs the integrity of the tegument of schistosomes by inhibiting cellular apoptosis of the parasite. Further studies revealed that SjTeg-20, an S. japonicum tegumental protein, cooperates with SjIAP to inhibit apoptosis in schistosomes. Our findings provide new insights into the role of SjIAP and SjTeg-20 in maintaining the integrity of the worm tegument by negatively regulating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Liu
- Department of Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Bikash R. Giri
- Department of Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqi Xia
- Department of Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guofeng Cheng
- Department of Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: ,
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Ranasinghe SL, McManus DP. Protease Inhibitors of Parasitic Flukes: Emerging Roles in Parasite Survival and Immune Defence. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:400-413. [PMID: 28089171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors play crucial roles in parasite development and survival, counteracting the potentially damaging immune responses of their vertebrate hosts. However, limited information is currently available on protease inhibitors from schistosomes and food-borne trematodes. Future characterization of these molecules is important not only to expand knowledge on parasitic fluke biology but also to determine whether they represent novel vaccine and/or drug targets. Moreover, protease inhibitors from flukes may represent lead compounds for the development of a new range of therapeutic agents against inflammatory disorders and cancer. This review discusses already identified protease inhibitors of fluke origin, emphasizing their biological function and their possible future development as new intervention targets.
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Comparison of apoptosis between adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum from susceptible (BALB/c mice) and less-susceptible (Wistar rats) hosts. Gene 2016; 592:71-77. [PMID: 27461946 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health concern in China. BALB/c mice are susceptible to Schistosoma japonicum infection, whereas the Wistar rats are less susceptible. Apoptosis phenomenon was observed in 42d adult worms of S. japonicum from both rats and mice at the morphologic, DNA, cellular, and gene levels by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorometric terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis, fluorescein isothiocyanate-annexin-V/propidium iodide staining flow cytometry (FCM) analysis, and real-time PCR. The results showed that the apoptotic state in worms from two different susceptible hosts was diverse. Several classical hallmarks of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and lunate marginalization, splitting of the nucleoli, nuclear shrinkage and apoptotic body formation were observed by TEM. TUNEL analysis showed that there were much more apoptosis spots in adult worms from rats than those from mice. Statistical analysis revealed that the degree of apoptosis and percentage of necrotic cells in adult worms from Wistar rats were significantly greater (P<0.01) than those from BALB/c mice by flow cytometry. A total of 15 apoptosis-associated genes including the major components of an intrinsic cell-death pathway were identified from S. japonicum in this study, suggested that a similar apoptosis pathway might occur in S. japonicum. Real-time PCR analyses revealed that the expression levels of most of the tested apoptosis-associated genes, except CASP7, were significantly higher or at the similar level in adult worms from Wistar rats, as compared to those from BALB/c mice. The results obtained in this study collectively demonstrated that differential development of adult S. japonicum in less-susceptible rats and susceptible mice was significantly associated with apoptosis in the worm, and provided valuable information to guide further investigations of the mechanisms governing apoptosis and host interactions in schistosome infection.
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Elvitigala DAS, Premachandra HKA, Whang I, Yeo SY, Choi CY, Noh JK, Lee J. Molecular cloning, expression and functional characterization of a teleostan cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 52:48-57. [PMID: 25912359 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a key role in the physiology of multicellular organisms and is regulated by different promoting and inhibitory mechanisms. Cytokine-induced apoptotic inhibitor (CIAPI) was recently identified as a key factor involved in apoptosis inhibition in higher vertebrate lineages. However, most of the CIAPIs of lower vertebrate species are yet to be characterized. Herein, we molecularly characterized a teleostan counterpart of CIAPI from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), designating as RbCIAPI. The complete coding region of RbCIAPI was consisted of 942 nucleotides encoding a protein of 313 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of ~33 kDa. RbCIAPI gene exhibited a multi-exonic architecture, consisting 9 exons interrupted by 8 introns. Protein sequence analysis revealed that RbCIAPI shares significant homology with known CIAPI counterparts, and phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed its closer evolutionary relationship with its fish counterparts. Ubiquitous spatial distribution of RbCIAPI was detected in our quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, where more prominent expression levels were observed in the blood and liver tissues. Moreover, the RbCIAPI basal transcription level was found to be modulated by different bacterial and viral stimuli, which could be plausibly supported by our previous observations on the transcriptional modulation of the caspase 3 counterpart of rock bream (Rbcasp3) in response to the same stimuli. In addition, our in vitro functional assay demonstrated that recombinant RbCIAPI could detectably inhibit the proteolysis activity of recombinant Rbcasp3. Collectively, our preliminary results suggest that RbCIAPI may play an anti-apoptotic role in rock bream physiology, likely by inhibiting the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. Therefore, RbCIAPI potentially plays an important role in host immunity by regulating the apoptosis process under pathogenic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - H K A Premachandra
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Yeob Yeo
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine Environment & Bioscience, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Wang J, Xu F, Zhu D, Duan Y, Chen J, Sun X, He X, Li P, Sun W, Feng J. Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens facilitate hepatic stellate cell apoptosis by downregulating Akt expression and upregulating p53 and DR5 expression. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3106. [PMID: 25144704 PMCID: PMC4140669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The induction of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis has potential as a potent strategy to diminish the progression of liver fibrosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of soluble egg antigens (SEA) from schistosomes to inhibit HSC activation and to induce apoptosis in vitro. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of SEA-induced apoptosis in HSCs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we found that SEA could upregulate p53 and DR5 and downregulate the p-Akt. The apoptosis of HSCs induced by SEA could be reduced in HSCs that were treated with p53-specific siRNA and in HSCs that were treated with DR5-specific shRNA. In addition, GW501516, which enhances the expression of Akt, could also decrease the SEA-induced HSC apoptosis. We also found that the increased expression of p53 and DR5 induced by SEA through Mdm2 were reduced by GW501516. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that SEA can induce HSC apoptosis by downregulating Akt expression and upregulating p53-dependent DR5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinong Duan
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Dao J, Zhu L, Luo R, Hu C, Wang Y, Li H, Lu K, Liu J, Lin J, Cheng G. Molecular characterization of SjBIRP, another apoptosis inhibitor, from Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:4065-71. [PMID: 25124726 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) play an important role in the regulation of apoptotic processes and are defined by the presence of baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains. Here, we characterized a cDNA fragment (SjBIRP) synthesized from the RNA of Schistosoma japonicum, which was found to contain the BIR domain, suggesting that it could encode a potential IAP. Real-time PCR analyses indicated that SjBIRP transcription was detected at several stages of the schistosome's lifecycle, with increased levels present in schistosomula (7 days). In addition, the SjBIRP was highly expressed in adult females as compared to adult males. A functional assay showed that SjBIRP could inhibit caspase3/7 activity in both HeLa cells and schistosome lysates. Furthermore, SjBIRP expression profiles varied between different hosts of S. japonicum. Taken together, our preliminary studies suggest that SjBIRP may play a functional role in the regulation of apoptosis in schistosomes, and that it could be a potential drug target for schistosomiasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Dao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, 518 Ziyue Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
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Apoptosis in schistosomes: toward novel targets for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Trends Parasitol 2014; 30:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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