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Páramo MER, Dos Santos KR, Filgueiras MDG, Fernandes ÉKK, Montalva C, Humber RA, Luz C. Activity Against Musca domestica of Hypocrealean Fungi Isolated from Culicids in Central Brazil and Formulated in Vermiculite. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:474-482. [PMID: 35575878 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Musca domestica L. is a cosmopolitan nuisance of high sanitary importance. Entomopathogenic fungi are innovative and attractive tools for integrated control of the housefly to overcome insufficient levels of control caused by increasing resistance of this pest against chemical insecticides. High virulence of a fungal strain is a prerequisite to develop a mycoinsecticide, and the present study investigated the potential of hypocrealean fungi from the genera Beauveria, Clonostachys, Cordyceps, Akanthomyces, Metarhizium, and Tolypocladium, isolated from mosquitoes in Central Brazil against M. domestica. The highest mortalities (larvae, pupae, and adults) were caused by Metarhizium humberi IP 478 (98%) and IP 421 (90%), Metarhizium anisopliae IP 432 (85%), Beauveria bassiana IP 433 (82%), and Tolypocladium cylindrosporum IP 425 (68%) after a 23-day exposure of initially pre-pupating third instar larvae to conidia mixed with vermiculite. Lethal concentrations to kill 90% of adults of IP 433 and IP 478 were 5 × 107 and 108 conidia g-1 substrate, respectively. Fifty percent of adults were killed within 4 to 5 days of exposure initially as pupae close to emergence to substrate treated with conidia of IP 478 or IP 433 at 1.1 × 108 conidia g-1, respectively. The other fungal strains tested were less virulent. The results demonstrate high potentials for conidial preparations in vermiculite of IP 433 and IP 478 as candidates for the biological control of both pre-pupating larvae, pupae, and emerging adults of houseflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel E Rueda Páramo
- Lab de Patologia de Invertebrados (LPI), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Univ Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Univ Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karine R Dos Santos
- Lab de Patologia de Invertebrados (LPI), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Univ Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcos D G Filgueiras
- Lab de Patologia de Invertebrados (LPI), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Univ Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Éverton K K Fernandes
- Lab de Patologia de Invertebrados (LPI), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Univ Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cristian Montalva
- Lab de Patologia de Invertebrados (LPI), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Univ Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Lab de Salud de Bosques, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Univ Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Richard A Humber
- Lab de Patologia de Invertebrados (LPI), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Univ Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- USDA-ARS Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christian Luz
- Lab de Patologia de Invertebrados (LPI), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Univ Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Bioprospecting microwave-alkaline hydrolysate cocktail of defatted soybean meal and jackfruit peel biomass as carrier additive of molasses-alginate-bead biofertilizer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:254. [PMID: 34996897 PMCID: PMC8742054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraction of soluble hydrolysate protein and sugar from a biomass cocktail of defatted soybean meal (DSM) and jackfruit peel (JP) was examined using microwave-alkaline hydrolysis by varying the NaOH concentrations (0.04–0.11 M) and residence times (2–11 min). Based on the central composite design, the optimized parameters were achieved at 0.084 M NaOH concentration (100 mL), for 8.7 min at 300 W microwave power level to obtain the highest protein (5.31 mg/mL) and sugar concentrations (8.07 mg/mL) with > 75% recovery. Both raw and detoxified hydrolysate (using activated carbon) were correspondingly biocompatible with Enterobacter hormaechei strain 40a (P > 0.05) resulting in maximal cell counts of > 10 log CFU/mL. The optimized hydrolysate was prepared as an additive in molasses-alginate bead encapsulation of strain 40a. Further evaluation on phosphate and potassium solubilization performance of the encapsulated strain 40a exhibited comparable results with those of free cell counterpart (P > 0.05). The DSM-JP hydrolysate cocktail holds potential as a carrier additive of encapsulated-cell bead biofertilizers in order to sustain bacterial cell quality and consequently improve crop growth and productivity.
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Elhaissoufi W, Ghoulam C, Barakat A, Zeroual Y, Bargaz A. Phosphate bacterial solubilization: A key rhizosphere driving force enabling higher P use efficiency and crop productivity. J Adv Res 2021; 38:13-28. [PMID: 35572398 PMCID: PMC9091742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate bacteria bio-solubilization significantly increase crop P acquisition and productivity. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria increase RP agronomic efficiency as well as P fertilizers efficiency. This process can be optimized through a rational bacterial screening to assure efficient PSB are selected. Appropriate formulation of PSB is a sustainable approach to enhance P-fertilizers efficiency. Development of innovative PSB-Phosphate formulations is likely to sustain crop production.
Background Increasing crop production to feed a growing population has driven the use of mineral fertilizers to ensure nutrients availability and fertility of agricultural soils. After nitrogen, phosphorus (P) is the second most important nutrient for plant growth and productivity. However, P availability in most agricultural soils is often limited because P strongly binds to soil particles and divalent cations forming insoluble P-complexes. Therefore, there is a constant need to sustainably improve soil P availability. This may include, among other strategies, the application of microbial resources specialized in P cycling, such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). This P-mediating bacterial component can improve soil biological fertility and crop production, and should be integrated in well-established formulations to enhance availability and efficiency in use of P. This is of importance to P fertilization, including both organic and mineral P such as rock phosphate (RP) aiming to improve its agronomic efficiency within an integrated crop nutrition system where agronomic profitability of P and PSB can synergistically occur. Aim of Review The purpose of this review is to discuss critically the important contribution of PSB to crop P nutrition in concert with P fertilizers, with a specific focus on RP. We also highlight the need for PSB bioformulations being a sustainable approach to enhance P fertilizer use efficiency and crop production. Key Scientific Concepts of Review We first recognize the important contribution of PSB to sustain crop production, which requires a rational approach for both screening and evaluation of PSB enabling an accurate assessment of the bacterial effects both alone and in intertwined interaction with plant roots. Furthermore, we propose new research ideas about the development of microbial bioformulations based on PSB with a particular focus on strains exhibiting synergetic effects with RP.
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White RL, Geden CJ, Kaufman PE, Johnson D. Comparative Virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae and Four Strains of Beauveria bassiana Against House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Adults With Attempted Selection for Faster Mortality. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1771-1778. [PMID: 33704481 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae/brunneum (Metchnikoff)/Petch have shown promising results for managing the house fly, Musca domestica L. A primary challenge of using these biological control agents (BCAs) in field situations is the time required to induce high adult house fly mortality, typically 6-7 d post-exposure. In this study, virulence of M. anisopliae (strain F52) and four B. bassiana strains were compared. The B. bassiana strains GHA and HF23 are used in commercial products and those were compared with two strains that were isolated from house flies on dairy farms (NFH10 and L90). Assays were conducted by exposing adult house flies to fungal-treated filter paper disks for 2 h. The lethal time to 50% mortality (LT50) at the high concentration of 1 × 109 conidia ranged from 3.8 to 5.2 d for all five strains. GHA, NFH10, and L90 killed flies faster than M. anisopliae strain F52; HF23 did not differ from either the M. anisopliae or the other B. bassiana strains. Attempts with the NFH10 strain to induce faster fly mortality through selection across 10 fungal to fly passages did not result in shorter time to fly death of the selected strain compared with the unselected strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxie L White
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agriculture, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher J Geden
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agriculture, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Phillip E Kaufman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dana Johnson
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agriculture, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
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White RL, Geden CJ, Kaufman PE. Exposure Timing and Method Affect Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Efficacy Against House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:372-378. [PMID: 32740659 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
House flies, Musca domestica L., are widely recognized for their ability to develop resistance to chemical insecticides so alternative control strategies are desired. The use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin to manage house fly populations has shown promising results; however, the success of using this fungus against larval house flies varies widely. The overall objective of this study was to examine factors that may influence efficacy of B. bassiana treatments against larvae. When a high concentration (4 × 1011 conidia/ml) was applied to first- and second-instar larvae in rearing medium, there was a significant reduction in pupation and adult emergence rates. Treating third-instar larvae at the same concentration did not result in a significant reduction of pupation or adult emergence. Temperature (22 versus 32°C) and media composition (diets with- and without propionic acid) did not affect the B. bassiana treatment efficacy against house fly larvae. The narrow time window of vulnerability of larvae and the high doses required to infect them indicate that B. bassiana has little potential as an operational biocontrol agent for house fly larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxie L White
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agriculture, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Christopher J Geden
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agriculture, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Phillip E Kaufman
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Johnson DM, White RL, Pereira RM, Geden CJ. Beauveria bassiana Culturing and Harvesting for Bioassays With House Flies. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5948071. [PMID: 33135749 PMCID: PMC7604835 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) has been widely studied against a wide range of arthropod pests, including many of medical and veterinary importance. New investigators must sort through a wide array of published methods for the production, harvest, storage, and bioassay methods for this pathogen. Simplified methods for production of conidia using Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast (SDYA) plates and two conidial harvesting methods are described. Dry harvesting yields conidia that are ready to incorporate into dusts and food baits, but the fungal product includes mycelial debris that can hamper quantification and introduces variable amounts of unwanted bulk. Wet harvesting with filtration produces a cleaner product that is immediately ready for testing in liquid formulations. Examples of bioassays with house flies are presented that include conidia applied topically to the dorsal thorax for dose-mortality assays and conidial suspensions applied to filter paper disks for concentration mortality assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Johnson
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Roxie L White
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Roberto M Pereira
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Christopher J Geden
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
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Peng Y, Wang L, Gao Y, Ye L, Xu H, Li S, Jiang J, Li G, Dang X. Identification and characterization of the glycoside hydrolase family 18 genes from the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria cicadae genome. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:274-287. [PMID: 31961710 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal chitinases play essential roles in chitin degradation, cell wall remodeling, chitin recycling, nutrition acquisition, autolysis, and virulence. In this study, 18 genes of the glycoside hydrolase 18 (GH18) family were identified in the Isaria cicadae genome. Seventeen of the genes belonged to chitinases and one was an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase). According to phylogenetic analysis, the 17 chitinases were designated as subgroups A (7 chitinases), B (7), and C (3). The exon-intron organizations of these genes were analyzed. The conserved regions DxxDxDxE and S/AxGG and the domains CBM1, CBM18, and CBM50 were detected in I. cicadae chitinases and ENGase. The results of analysis of expression patterns showed that genes ICchiA1, ICchiA6, ICchiB1, and ICchiB4 had high transcript levels in the different growth conditions or developmental stages. Subgroup A chitinase genes had higher transcript levels than the genes of all other chitinases. Subgroup B chitinase genes (except ICchiB7) presented higher transcript levels in chitin medium compared with other conditions. ICchiC2 and ICchiC3 were mainly transcribed in autolysis medium and in blastospores, respectively. Moreover, ICchiB1 presented higher transcript levels than genes of other chitinases. This work provides an overview of the GH18 chitinases and ENGase in I. cicadae and provides a context for the chitinolytic potential, functions, and biological controls of these enzymes of entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Peng
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Xu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Shuangjiao Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Guiting Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xiangli Dang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R. China
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Development of a Mycoinsecticide Bait Formulation for the Control of House Flies, Musca domestica L. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11010047. [PMID: 31936606 PMCID: PMC7022802 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The control of house flies, Musca domestica (L.), currently relies on the use of chemical insecticide spray and bait formulations. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhiziumanisopliae, may provide an alternative to these products. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a mycoinsecticide bait formulation containing a virulent M. anisopliae isolate. Five M. anisopliae isolates were screened against M. domestica and isolate M16 was selected for bait development. Bait formulations containing a variety of additives, including (Z)-9-tricosene, were tested for their ability to increase fly visitation. A bait formulation containing M. anisopliae and skim milk powder was found to have the highest house fly visitation and was subsequently compared to a conventional chemical bait in an efficacy assay. The chemical bait (0.5% imidacloprid) caused faster mortality than the mycoinsecticide bait, however, similar levels of mortality were achieved by 4–5 days’ post exposure. These results suggest that M. anisopliae mycoinsecticide baits may offer an alternative to conventional chemical insecticides for the control of house flies in suitable areas.
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Ansari M, Walker M, Dyson P. Fungi as Biocontrol Agents of Culicoides Biting Midges, the Putative Vectors of Bluetongue Disease. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:395-399. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minshad Ansari
- Institute of Life Science 1, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda Walker
- Institute of Life Science 1, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Dyson
- Institute of Life Science 1, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Johnson DM, Weeks ENI, LoVullo ED, Shirk PD, Geden CJ. Mortality Effects of Three Bacterial Pathogens and Beauveria bassiana When Topically Applied or Injected Into House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:774-783. [PMID: 30576458 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica L., is a global pest of public health and agricultural importance. The efficacy of conventional management has been waning due to increasing insecticide resistance. A potential management tool is the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (strain L90), although time-to-death is slower than desired by potential users. This research investigated the effectiveness of three gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas protegens Ramette (Psuedomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae) pf-5, Photorhabdus temperata Fischer-Le Saux (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) NC19, and Serratia marcescens Bizio (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) DB11) on house fly mortality when topically applied, compared to B. bassiana. Each pathogen's virulence was measured by injection into adult female house flies or by topical applications to their thorax. All bacterial strains were highly virulent after injection with 1 × 104 colony forming units (cfu), causing fly mortality within 24 h. Beauveria bassiana resulted in high mortality, 3 d postinjection at the high dose of 1 × 104 conidia/µl. Mortality due to topical treatments of P. temperata and S. marcescens was low even at the highest dose of 1 × 106 cfu/µl. Mortality after topical treatments with P. protegens was evident 4 d after application of 1 × 106 cfu/µl. Mortality from B. bassiana was low at 4 d but increased at 5 d. These results imply that P. protegens holds great potential as a biological control agent for incorporation into an integrated pest management program against adult house flies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma N I Weeks
- Department of Entomology, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Mishra S, Kumar P, Malik A. Microscopic investigation to determine the effect of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. treatment on different life stages of Musca domestica (L.). J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:543-550. [PMID: 28615876 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopic investigation was done to determine the effect of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus on different life stages of Musca domestica. Scanning electron microscopy investigation of fungal infected larvae showed sluggish movement, rigor, and failure of body to balance in water. Treated larvae also revealed varied level of cuticle shrinkage and extreme dehydration. Surface of B. bassiana infected pupae showed varied stage of mycelial growth, while the cadaver of adult fly was observed to have extensive fungal growth covering their entire body surface. The application of C. citratus oils on M. domestica larvae resulted in skin shrinkage, spinous cells proliferation and bleb formation, while the treated pupae showed high incidence of incomplete emergence and malformation in emerged adult flies. The current study establishes effect of C. citratus essential oil and B. bassiana infection on different life stages of M. domestica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Mishra
- Applied Microbiology laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110 016 India
| | - Peeyush Kumar
- Applied Microbiology laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110 016 India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110 016 India
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Meng H, Wang Z, Meng X, Xie L, Huang B. Cloning and expression analysis of the chitinase gene Ifu-chit2 from Isaria fumosorosea. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:381-9. [PMID: 26500443 PMCID: PMC4612611 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738320150003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi can produce a series of chitinases, some of which function synergistically with proteases and other hydrolytic enzymes to degrade the insect cuticle. In the present study, the chitinase gene Ifu-chit2 from Isaria fumosorosea was investigated. The Ifu-chit2 gene is 1,435-bp long, interrupted by three short introns, and encodes a predicted protein of 423 amino acids with a 22 residue signal peptide. The predicted Ifu-Chit2 protein is highly homologous to Beauveria bassiana chitinase Bbchit2 and belongs to the glycohydrolase family 18. Ifu-Chit2 was expressed in Escherichia coli to verify chitinase activity, and the recombinant enzyme exhibited activity with a colloidal chitin substrate. Furthermore, the expression profiles of Ifu-chit2 were analyzed at different induction times under in vivo conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Ifu-chit2 expression peaked at two days post-induction. The expression of chitinase Ifu-chit2 in vivo suggests that the chitinase may play a role in the early stage of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Meng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhangxun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Teachers College, Anqing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Cárcamo MC, Felchicher F, Duarte JP, Bernardi E, Ribeiro PB. Horizontal Transmission of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1579-86. [PMID: 26470298 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin are fungi with potential for controlling Musca domestica L. However, the impact on this dipteral may vary depending on the fungal isolates and the methodology used. This study evaluated the pathogenicity of direct application and horizontal transmission of B. bassiana (CG240) and M. anisopliae (CG34) on adult M. domestica individuals. The impact of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae on M. domestica was evaluated at the concentrations 2 × 10(4), 2 × 10(5), 2 × 10(6), and 2 × 10(7) conidia/ml. Horizontal transmission was also estimated between sexes at different infection periods of the vector insect. The mortality of adult M. domestica individuals directly infected with B. bassiana was above 90%, and the mortality of those infected with M. anisopliae ranged from 25.50 to 97.78%. Horizontal transmission of B. bassiana caused the death of 100% of individuals, in turn, that of M. anisopliae killed 55% of male and 100% of female individuals. Horizontal transmission of fungi was negatively influenced by time. This study shows the potential of these fungi for controlling M. domestica, both with the direct implementation strategy and horizontal transmission. However, field studies are needed to evaluate the capacity to decrease the M. domestica population using these alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cárcamo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Post Office Box 354,96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - F Felchicher
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Post Office Box 354,96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - J P Duarte
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Post Office Box 354,96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - E Bernardi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Post Office Box 354,96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - P B Ribeiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Post Office Box 354,96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Kumar P, Mishra S, Malik A, Satya S. Preparation and characterization of PEG-Mentha oil nanoparticles for housefly control. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:707-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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