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Dorey A, Cwiklinski K, Rooney J, De Marco Verissimo C, López Corrales J, Jewhurst H, Fazekas B, Calvani NED, Hamon S, Gaughan S, Dalton JP, Lalor R. Autonomous Non Antioxidant Roles for Fasciola hepatica Secreted Thioredoxin-1 and Peroxiredoxin-1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:667272. [PMID: 34026663 PMCID: PMC8131638 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.667272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trematode parasites of the genus Fasciola are the cause of liver fluke disease (fasciolosis) in humans and their livestock. Infection of the host involves invasion through the intestinal wall followed by migration in the liver that results in extensive damage, before the parasite settles as a mature egg-laying adult in the bile ducts. Genomic and transcriptomic studies revealed that increased metabolic stress during the rapid growth and development of F. hepatica is balanced with the up-regulation of the thiol-independent antioxidant system. In this cascade system thioredoxin/glutathione reductase (TGR) reduces thioredoxin (Trx), which then reduces and activates peroxiredoxin (Prx), whose major function is to protect cells against the damaging hydrogen peroxide free radicals. F. hepatica expresses a single TGR, three Trx and three Prx genes; however, the transcriptional expression of Trx1 and Prx1 far out-weighs (>50-fold) other members of their family, and both are major components of the parasite secretome. While Prx1 possesses a leader signal peptide that directs its secretion through the classical pathway and explains why this enzyme is found freely soluble in the secretome, Trx1 lacks a leader peptide and is secreted via an alternative pathway that packages the majority of this enzyme into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here we propose that F. hepatica Prx1 and Trx1 do not function as part of the parasite’s stress-inducible thiol-dependant cascade, but play autonomous roles in defence against the general anti-pathogen oxidative burst by innate immune cells, in the modulation of host immune responses and regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Dorey
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - James Rooney
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Carolina De Marco Verissimo
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jesús López Corrales
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heather Jewhurst
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Barbara Fazekas
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Hamon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Gaughan
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John P Dalton
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Richard Lalor
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Tian AL, Tian X, Chen D, Lu M, Calderón-Mantilla G, Yuan XD, Li X, Elsheikha HM, Zhu XQ. Modulation of the Functions of Goat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Fasciola gigantica Thioredoxin Peroxidase In Vitro. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090758. [PMID: 32957426 PMCID: PMC7559183 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver fluke Fasciola gigantica has a remarkable ability to establish a long-term infection within the hepatobiliary system of the mammalian definitive host. F. gigantica achieves this by producing excretory-secretory molecules, which have immunomodulatory activities. In an effort to elucidate the immunomodulatory functions of F. gigantica thioredoxin peroxidase protein (FgTPx), we expressed recombinant FgTPx (rFgTPx) in Escherichia coli bacteria and examined its effects on several functions of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. Sequence analysis revealed that FgTPx is related to a thioredoxin-like superfamily. Western blot analysis showed that rFgTPx was recognized by the sera of goats experimentally infected by F. gigantica. The specific binding of rFgTPx protein to the surface of goat PBMCs was demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining. We investigated the influence of serial concentrations of rFgTPx on various functions of goat PBMCs. All concentrations of rFgTPx increased the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), but inhibited PBMC proliferation, migration, and monocyte phagocytosis. Goat PBMCs exposed to 20-40 μg/mL of rFgTPx secreted increased levels of nitric oxide (NO), and 10-40 μg/mL of rFgTPx promoted cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that rFgTPx influences various functions of goat PBMCs by interacting with a large number of cellular targets, ultimately to promote the parasite's survival. The roles of rFgTPx and their interacting proteins warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (A.-L.T.); (D.C.); (X.-D.Y.)
| | - Xiaowei Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.T.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (A.-L.T.); (D.C.); (X.-D.Y.)
| | - Mingmin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.T.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Guillermo Calderón-Mantilla
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá. Chía, Cundinamarca 140013, Colombia;
| | - Xiao-Dan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (A.-L.T.); (D.C.); (X.-D.Y.)
| | - Xiangrui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.T.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Hany M. Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Correspondence: (H.M.E.); (X.-Q.Z.)
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (A.-L.T.); (D.C.); (X.-D.Y.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Correspondence: (H.M.E.); (X.-Q.Z.)
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Changklungmoa N, Kueakhai P, Sangpairoj K, Osotprasit S, Chaiwichien A, Samrit T, Sobhon P, Chaithirayanon K. A novel Thioredoxin-related protein 14 from Fasciola gigantica has an immunodiagnostic potential for fasciolosis. Acta Trop 2020; 207:105471. [PMID: 32302691 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the definitive host, a trematode parasite can survive and evade the damage by reactive oxygen species that are generated from its metabolism and the host immune cells. Several anti-oxidant proteins are found in Fasciola spp. which play essential roles in cellular redox balance. One of them is thioredoxin-related protein 14 (TRP14) that has a highly conserved WCPDC motif and serves as a disulfide reductase-like thioredoxin (Trx). In the present study, a cDNA encoding TRP14 from F. gigantica (FgTRP14) was selected and cloned by immunoscreening with a rabbit infected serum. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by MEGA X program showed that FgTRP14 was most highly related to the Fasciola hepatica. Immunoblotting analysis of the polyclonal antibody rabbit serum against recombinant FgTRP14 (rFgTRP14) revealed that the molecular weight of natural FgTRP14 was at 14 kDa from metacercariae, NEJ, 4-week old juvenile and adult stage. The native FgTRP14 was expressed in caecal epithelial cells and preferentially localized on the cells' surface lamellae of adult stage. By sandwich ELISA assay, the circulating FgTRP14 could be recognized in sera of experimentally F. gigantica metacercariae infection in mice. The native FgTRP14 in the excretory-secretory (ES) and whole body (WB) of adult F. gigantica were detected at the concentrations 6.3 ng/ml, and 45 ng/ml, respectively. Therefore, it could be considered for immunodiagnostic candidate for fasciolosis.
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Kueakhai P, Chaithirayanon K, Chaiwichien A, Samrit T, Osotprasit S, Suksomboon P, Jaikua W, Sobhon P, Changklungmoa N. Monoclonal antibody against Fasciola gigantica glutathione peroxidase and their immunodiagnosis potential for fasciolosis. Vet Parasitol 2019; 276:108979. [PMID: 31778940 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPx), major antioxidant enzymes, secreted by Fasciola spp., are important for the parasite evasion and protection against the host's immune responses. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against recombinant F. gigantica glutathione peroxidase (rFgGPx) was produced by hybridoma technique using spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with rFgGPx. This MoAb (named 7B8) is IgG1 with κ light chains, and it reacted specifically with rFgGPx at a molecular weight 19 kDa as shown by immunoblotting, and reacted with the native FgGPx in the extracts of whole body (WB), metacercariae, newly excysted juveniles (NEJs), 4 week-old juveniles and adult F. gigantica as shown by indirect ELISA. It did not cross react with antigens in WB fractions from other adult trematodes, including Fischoederius cobboldi, Paramphistomum cervi, Setaria labiato-papillosa, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Gastrothylax crumenifer and Gigantocotyle explanatum. By immunolocalization, MoAb against rFgGPx reacted with the native protein in the tegument, vitelline cells, and eggs of adult F. gigantica. In addition, the sera from mice experimentally infected with F. gigantica were tested positive by this indirect sandwich ELISA. This result indicated that FgGPx is an abundantly expressed parasite protein that is secreted into the tegumental antigens (TA), therefore, FgGPx and its MoAb may be used for immunodiagnosis of both early and late fasciolosis gigantica in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornanan Kueakhai
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Kulathida Chaithirayanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Athit Chaiwichien
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Tepparit Samrit
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Osotprasit
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Phawiya Suksomboon
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Wipaphorn Jaikua
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Narin Changklungmoa
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Expression and characterization of glutathione peroxidase of the liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3487-3495. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tripathi T, Suttiprapa S, Sripa B. Unusual thiol-based redox metabolism of parasitic flukes. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:390-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shukla R, Shukla H, Kalita P, Sonkar A, Pandey T, Singh DB, Kumar A, Tripathi T. Identification of potential inhibitors of Fasciola gigantica thioredoxin1: computational screening, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1344141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Shukla
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Harish Shukla
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Parismita Kalita
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Amit Sonkar
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Tripti Pandey
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Dev Bukhsh Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
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Cytosolic superoxide dismutase can provide protection against Fasciola gigantica. Acta Trop 2016; 162:75-82. [PMID: 27338185 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SOD), antioxidant metallo-enzymes, are a part of the first line of defense in the trematode parasites which act as the chief scavengers for reactive oxygen species (ROS). A recombinant Fasciola gigantica cytosolic SOD (FgSOD) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and used for immunizing rabbits to obtain polyclonal antibodies (anti-rFgSOD). This rabbit anti-rFgSOD reacted with the native FgSOD at a molecular weight of 17.5kDa. The FgSOD protein was expressed at high level in parenchyma, caecal epithelium and egg of the parasite. The rFgSOD reacted with antisera from rabbits infected with F. gigantica metacercariae collected at 2, 5, and 7 weeks after infection, and reacted with sera of infected mice. Anti-rFgSOD exhibited cross reactivity with the other parasites' antigens, including Eurytrema pancreaticum, Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Fischoederius cobboldi, Gastrothylax crumenifer, Paramphistomum cervi, and Setaria labiato papillosa. A vaccination was performed in imprinting control region (ICR) mice by subcutaneous injection with 50μg of rFgSOD combined with Freund's adjuvant. At 2 weeks after the second boost, mice were infected with 15 metacercariae by oral route. IgG1 and IgG2a in the immune sera were determined to indicate Th2 and Th1 immune responses. It was found that the parasite burden was reduced by 45%, and both IgG1 and IgG2a levels showed correlation with the numbers of worm recoveries.
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Gupta A, Pandey T, Kumar B, Tripathi T. Preferential regeneration of thioredoxin from parasitic flatworm Fasciola gigantica using glutathione system. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:983-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Molecular cloning and characterization of Fasciola gigantica thioredoxin-glutathione reductase. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2119-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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