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García LCA, Pérez MG, Ancarola ME, Rosenzvit MC, Cucher MA. In vitro system for the growth and asexual multiplication of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Parasitology 2022; 149:1775-1780. [PMID: 36165285 PMCID: PMC11010574 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium is the aetiological agent of cysticercosis, a zoonosis that causes severe health and economic losses across Latin America, Africa and Asia. The most serious manifestation of the disease is neurocysticercosis, which occurs when the larval stage (cysticercus) establishes in the central nervous system. Using Taenia crassiceps as an experimental model organism for the study of cysticercosis, we aimed to identify the in vitro conditions necessary to allow parasite development at the short- and long terms. First, cysticerci were incubated for 15 days in different media and parasite densities. The number of buddings and cysticerci diameter were measured to evaluate asexual multiplication and parasite growth, respectively. Vitality was determined by trypan blue staining and morphology analysis. As a result, high cysticerci density and medium containing FBS and the excretion/secretion (E/S) products of feeder cells induced parasite survival, growth and multiplication. Then, the long-term (5 weeks) incubation of the parasites in co-culture with feeder cells was evaluated. Consequently, the mammalian cell lines induced a significant increase in total parasite volume while axenic cultures did not show any statistically significant change over time. In this study, the proper conditions to maintain T. crassiceps in vitro are described for the first time in a simpler and more controlled setting other than experimental infections. In addition, it was shown that cysticerci growth, survival and asexual multiplication depend on a complex network of secreted factors from both parasite and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Celia Abril García
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Gastón Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Ancarola
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mara Cecilia Rosenzvit
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Alejandra Cucher
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sazmand A. Paleoparasitology and archaeoparasitology in Iran: A retrospective in differential diagnosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 32:50-60. [PMID: 33352520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper reviews paleo- and archaeoparasitology publications to date, from Iran. The primary focus is the importance of differential diagnosis and the crucial role of interdisciplinary collaborations among parasitologists and other specialists. METHODS All relevant articles and theses published in Iran through October 2020 are included and evaluated, with particular emphasis on the diagnostic process. RESULTS Archaeoparasitic studies in Iran have identified a number of parasites that provide insight into the past. Misidentification, however, due to incomplete differential diagnosis, remains an issue, as does incomplete description and problematic images. CONCLUSIONS Identification of paleoparasites to the species level must be supported with accurate morphology and morphometry. Rigorous differential diagnosis is essential. Caution must be exercised when interpreting observations of ova recovered from coprolites. In these instances, precise identification of host animals and aligning parasite ranges with host specificity is critical. The possibility of incidental parasite presence must be evaluated, including non-specificity of parasite tropisms, transport hosting, or contamination. Lastly, differential diagnosis must include consideration of intentional consumption of parasites. Thus, parasitological findings must be placed in geographical, historical, and cultural contexts. SIGNIFICANCE Archaeoparasitological research in Iran has elucidated the presence of faunal and human disease in the past and has, through this reevaluation of the published works, contributed to precise description and diagnosis of ova of roundworms, tapeworms, thorny-headed worms, and recognition of larval stages of tapeworms in recovered remains of mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sazmand
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, 6517658978, Hamedan, Iran.
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Men WQ, Xu SG, Mou R. Hepatic transcriptome study of Taenia asiatica infection in suckling pigs. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104598. [PMID: 33157217 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Taenia asiatica is a crucial Taenia that is prevalent in East and Southeast Asia. Domestic pigs and wild boars are essential intermediate hosts for Taenia. Cysticercus larvae are mainly parasitic in the liver of domestic pigs. The Taenia asiatica was collected from Liangmu Township, Duyun City, Guizhou Province. Twelve Yorkshire Suckling pigs of 20 days of age were randomly divided into an experimental and control group of 6 pigs each. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was used to detect the expression differences of the mRNA transcriptomes in the liver of the experimental and control group at different infection times. Differential genes were analyzed by bioinformatics and verified by Real Time-PCR(RT-PCR). On the 15th and 75th days after infection, 152 and 558 differentially expressed genes were detected in the liver of the experimental group, respectively, accounting for 0.85% and 3.12% of all identified transcribed RNA genes, respectively. Through GO and KEGG related bioinformatics analysis, it was found that these differentially expressed genes are involved in the immune response, material metabolism, fibrosis, and tissue proliferation and repair of suckling pig liver, and related to MHC antigen processing and presentation, cytochrome P450, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway and so on. Cysticercus asiatica parasites cause significant differential gene expression in the liver of suckling pigs. Specific differentially expressed genes are involved in biological processes such as liver metabolism, immune response, and tissue repair or regeneration in suckling pigs. The immune evasion is related to the immuno-suppressive response of the intermediate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qi Men
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Characteristic and Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogenic Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shi-Gang Xu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Characteristic and Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogenic Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Rong Mou
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Characteristic and Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogenic Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Sánchez-López CM, Trelis M, Jara L, Cantalapiedra F, Marcilla A, Bernal D. Diversity of extracellular vesicles from different developmental stages of Fasciola hepatica. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:663-669. [PMID: 32531305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in Fasciola hepatica adult worms was described by our group in 2012. Since then, EVs have been found in other helminths, thus providing a new paradigm for the complete understanding of host-parasite communication. However, information was lacking regarding the possible existence and role of EVs from other developmental stages of the parasite. In this study, we confirm the secretion of EVs by F. hepatica eggs and juvenile forms. EVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography and characterised by nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy. We observed a large diversity in the morphologies of these EVs, suggesting specific functions for different subpopulations, as has been proposed in other model systems. The identification of these populations of morphologically diverse EVs will facilitate future studies aimed at biochemically characterising the different classes of these vesicles as a first step in deciphering their role in host-parasite communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Sánchez-López
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, Universitat de Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Trelis
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, Universitat de Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lidia Jara
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Fernando Cantalapiedra
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain; Veterinari de Salut Pública, Centre de Salut Pública de Manises, 46940 Manises (Valencia), Spain
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, Universitat de Valencia, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Dolores Bernal
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciencies Biologiques, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
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Liang P, Mao L, Zhang S, Guo X, Liu G, Wang L, Hou J, Zheng Y, Luo X. Identification and molecular characterization of exosome-like vesicles derived from the Taenia asiatica adult worm. Acta Trop 2019; 198:105036. [PMID: 31125559 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Taenia asiatica is an important food-borne parasite that poses a threat to food-safety and animal husbandry hygine, yet little is known about its specific infection and immune escape mechanisms. Exosome-like vesicles have recently emerged as a regulator in the interactions between parasites and hosts, providing a new direction for research on infection of T. asiatica. In this experiment, exosome-like vesicles were collected from the excretory/secretory products of cultured T. asiatica and isolated by differential centrifugation. The purified vesicles, ranging from 30 to 150 nm in size, were identified as exosome-like vesicles by transmission electron microscope and Nanoparticle tracking analysis. Proteomics analysis identified 455 proteins in the exosome-like vesicles. Of these proteins, enzymes involved in metabolic processes were identified, including glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, and enolase. The two most abundant proteins from proteomic analysis, 14-3-3 and enolase, were shown to be present in the exosome-like vesicles by immunogold labeling. High-throughput RNA sequencing yielded twenty known miRNAs present in exosome-like vesicle sRNA libraries. Nine of the miRNAs, including six known miRNAs (tas-miR-71, tas-miR-1, tas-miR-7, tas-miR-9, tas-miR-10, and tas-let-7) and three newly discovered miRNAs (tas-m0022-3p, tas-m0816-3p, tas-m0082-5p), were confirmed by RT-qPCR as present in T. asiatica adult worm extracts and secreted exosome-like vesicles in T. asiatica. Additionally, we demonstrated that exosome-like vesicles experimentally labeled with PKH67 were internalized by LoVo cells in vitro. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between tapeworms and hosts mediated by exosome-like vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panhong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Li Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xiaola Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Guangxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Junling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xuenong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Ancarola ME, Marcilla A, Herz M, Macchiaroli N, Pérez M, Asurmendi S, Brehm K, Poncini C, Rosenzvit M, Cucher M. Cestode parasites release extracellular vesicles with microRNAs and immunodiagnostic protein cargo. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:675-686. [PMID: 28668323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is crucial in multiple aspects of cell biology. This interaction can be mediated by several mechanisms including extracellular vesicle (EV) transfer. EV secretion by parasites has been reported in protozoans, trematodes and nematodes. Here we report that this mechanism is present in three different species of cestodes, Taenia crassiceps, Mesocestoides corti and Echinococcus multilocularis. To confirm this we determined, in vitro, the presence of EVs in culture supernatants by transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, while T. crassiceps and M. corti metacestodes secrete membranous structures into the culture media, similar vesicles were observed in the interface of the germinal and laminated layers of E. multilocularis metacestodes and were hardly detected in culture supernatants. We then determined the protein cargo in the EV-enriched secreted fractions of T. crassiceps and M. corti conditioned media by LC-MS/MS. Among the identified proteins, eukaryotic vesicle-enriched proteins were identified as expected, but also proteins used for cestode disease diagnosis, proteins related to neurotransmission, lipid binding proteins as well as host immunoglobulins and complement factors. Finally, we confirmed by capillary electrophoresis the presence of intravesicular RNA for both parasites and detected microRNAs by reverse transcription-PCR. This is the first report of EV secretion in cestode parasites and of an RNA secretion mechanism. These findings will provide valuable data not only for basic cestode biology but also for the rational search for new diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Ancarola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute-La Fe, Universitat de València, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Michaela Herz
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Macchiaroli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Asurmendi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA, Dr. N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Klaus Brehm
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolina Poncini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mara Rosenzvit
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Cucher
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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