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Li ZY, Wang JT, Zhou M, Sato H, Zhang JY. Morphological and molecular characterization of a new freshwater Ceratomyxa species (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) from the yellow catfish, Trachysurus fulvidraco in China. Parasitol Int 2023; 97:102778. [PMID: 37442337 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 is one of the largest genera of the sub-phylum Myxozoa, and has a worldwide geographical distribution. Ceratomyxa species mainly infect the gallbladder of marine fish and rarely infect histozoically or coelozoically freshwater fish. In the present study, yellow catfish, Trachysurus fulvidraco (Siluriformes, Actinopteri) collected from the low reach of Yellow River was first found to be infected with an unknown Ceratomyxa species in their gallbladder which was identified to be new to science and nominated as Ceratomyxa huangheensis n. sp. by an integrative taxonomic approach for myxosporeans. Spores are typical of the genus Ceratomyxa, and matures spores are arcuate, with posterior angle of 139.2 ± 11.6 (137.0-156.0)° and rounded ends, and measures 4.7 ± 0.6 (3.3-5.5) μm in length, and 10.7 ± 1.3 (8.5-13.3) μm in thickness. Two spore valves are slightly unequal and present elongated ovoid in the lateral view. Two equal spherical polar capsules, measuring 2.2 ± 0.4 (1.4-2.8) μm × 2.0 ± 0.4 (1.0-2.5) μm in size locates adjacent to the straight suture line. The obtained partial small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence was unique among all myxozoans in GenBank, and the highest similarity is 85.3% with Ceratomyxa sparusaurati, a marine fish-infecting congener. Phylogenetic analysis further indicated that this novel species did not cluster with other freshwater fish-infecting congeners from South America to form an independent clade, but was phylogenetically positioned within the marine fish-infecting clade. The possible presence of different radiation trajectories between Ceratomyxa huangheensis n. sp. and Amazonian freshwater Ceratomyxa lineage was discussed. This is the first report of Ceratomyxa species in the Yellow River basin and the second freshwater Ceraotomyxa species in China, even in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Li
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - J T Wang
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - M Zhou
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - H Sato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 1677-1, Japan
| | - J Y Zhang
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology and Microbial Bioresources, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, China.
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Zatti SA, Araújo BL, Adriano EA, Maia AAM. A new freshwater Ceratomyxa species (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) parasitizing a sciaenid fish from the Amazon Basin, Brazil. Parasitol Int 2023; 97:102796. [PMID: 37595832 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Myxozoans of Ceratomyxidae Doflein, 1899 are common coelozoic parasites of marine life, and are also found less frequently in freshwater fish. The present study describes Ceratomyxa ranunculiformis n. sp. as a new freshwater myxosporean species infecting the gall bladder of the Amazonian sciaenid Plagioscion squamosissimus. The new Ceratomyxa was described based on its host, myxospore morphology, ribosomal rDNA gene sequencing, parasite distribution, and phylogenetic analysis. Immature and mature plasmodia were tadpole-shaped or pyriform, and exhibited slow undulatory motility. The myxospores were elongated and crescent-shaped in the frontal view, with a sutural line between two valves, which had rounded ends. The measurements of the formalin-fixed myxospores were: average length 4.9 (4.0-6.6) μm, average thickness 37.6 (32.4-43.9) μm, average posterior angle 165° (154°-173°). Two ovoid polar capsules of equal size, average length 2.0 (1.4-3.0) μm and average width 1.9 (1.4-2.4) μm, were located adjacent to the suture and contained polar filaments with 2-3 coils. The integrated comparative analysis of the morphological characteristics and molecular analyses of the ribosomal rDNA genes supported the identification of a new species of coelozoic Ceratomyxa. Maximum likelihood analyses showed the new species clustering within a well-supported clade, together with all the other Amazonian freshwater ceratomyxids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen A Zatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno L Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson A Adriano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio A M Maia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Zatti SA, Marinho AMR, Adriano EA, Maia AAM. Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a Panmictic Population of Henneguya longisporoplasma n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) in the Amazon Basin. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1644-1656. [DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Franzolin GN, Araújo BL, Zatti SA, Naldoni J, Adriano EA. Occurrence of the host-parasite system Rhaphiodon vulpinus and Ceratomyxa barbata n. sp. in the two largest watersheds in South America. Parasitol Int 2022; 91:102651. [PMID: 35998817 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While around world, species of the genus Ceratomyxa parasite majority marine hosts, growing diversity has been reported in South American freshwater fish. The present study reports Ceratomyxa barbata n. sp. parasitizing the gallbladder of the Rhaphiodon vulpinus fish from the Amazon and La Plata basins. Morphological (light and transmission electron microscopy), molecular (sequencing of small subunit ribosomal DNA - SSU rDNA), and phylogenetic analyses were used to characterize the new species. Worm-like plasmodia endowed with motility were found swimming freely in the bile. The myxospores were elongated, lightly arcuate, with rounded ends and had polar tubules with 3 coils in the polar capsules. Ultrastructural analysis revealed plasmodia composed of an outer cytoplasmic region, where elongated tubular mitochondria, a rough endoplasmic reticulum, sporogonic stages, and a large vacuole occupying the internal area were observed. Phylogenetic analysis, based on SSU rDNA, found that among all South America freshwater Ceratomyxa species, C. barbata n. sp. arises as an earlier divergent species. The present study reveals the occurrence of this host-parasite system (R. vulpinus/C. barbata n. sp.) in the two largest watersheds on the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo N Franzolin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Suellen A Zatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University (FZEA/USP), Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Naldoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP 09972-270, Brazil.
| | - Edson A Adriano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP 09972-270, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Araújo BL, Adriano EA, Franzolin GN, Zatti SA, Naldoni J. A novel Ceratomyxa species (Myxozoa: Cnidaria) infecting an Amazonian catfish. Parasitol Int 2022; 89:102582. [PMID: 35395395 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parasites are important organisms for the health of ecosystems. While the Amazon Basin is home to a great diversity of ichthyofauna, our knowledge of myxozoan diversity in the biome remains relatively limited. The present study describes a new myxozoan species, Ceratomyxa mandii n. sp., parasitizing the gallbladder of the Amazonian catfish Pimelodina flavipinnis (Pimelodidae) from the Solimões River, in the region of Manaus, Brazil. Light and electron microscopy, small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. The new species exhibited worm-like plasmodia with undulatory motility. The SSU rDNA based phylogenetic analysis revealed it to be a sister taxon of C. gracillima, which also parasitizes an Amazonian pimelodid fish, possibly reflecting a host-parasite co-speciation process. This study contributes to our understanding of this little sampled group of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson A Adriano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo N Franzolin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Suellen A Zatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Naldoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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Bittencourt LS, da Silva DT, Hamoy I, de Carvalho AA, da Silva MF, Videira M, Carvalho JCT, Matos E. Morphological and Phylogenetic Features of Ceratomyxa macapaensis n. sp. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) in Mesonauta festivus Heckel, 1840 (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from the Eastern Amazon Region. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:322-329. [PMID: 34426891 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The class Myxozoa consists of microscopic spores that typically present uniform morphological simplifications, containing one or two sporoplasms surrounded by valve cells. The present study analysed the morphological and phylogenetic characteristics of what proved to be a new species of Ceratomyxa found in the gallbladder of Mesonauta festivus Heckel, 1840 captured on the Piririm River in the municipality of Macapá, in Amapá state, Brazil. METHODS The fish were collected in gillnets, and were transported alive to Amapá State University in Macapá for the analysis of the organs. Crescent- or arch-shaped free spores were observed under light microscopy, containing two polar capsules and a suture line, which is typical of the morphology of the genus Ceratomyxa, contained within plasmodia that had snake-like movements. The gallbladder was conserved in 80% alcohol for the analysis of the 18S rDNA gene, and in Davidson solution for standardhistology. RESULTS Ceratomyxa spores (n = 20) were observed in 11 of the 50 samplesanalysed, and thus had a prevalence of 22%, and had a mean length of 4.2 ± 0.5 µm, mean thickness of 22.75 ± 0.3 µm, and two polar capsules, 1.86 ± 0.3 µm long and 1.63 ± 0.1 µm thick. CONCLUSIONS The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the new species forms a cluster with other freshwater Amazonian Ceratomyxa species, described previously. The new species represents the first description of a taxon of the genus Ceratomyxain fish from the Brazilian state of Amapá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Silva Bittencourt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, PPGBioNorte, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, KM-02, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brazil
| | - Diehgo Tuloza da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários - PPGBAIP, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 Campus Universitário Do Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66.075-110, Brazil
| | - Igor Hamoy
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Belém, Pará, CEP 66.077-901, Brazil
| | - Abthyllane Amaral de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários - PPGBAIP, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 Campus Universitário Do Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66.075-110, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Francisco da Silva
- Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão - UEMASUL, R. Godofredo Viana, 1300 - Centro, Imperatriz - MA, Imperatriz, Maranhão, 65900-000, Brazil
| | - Marcela Videira
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia E Sanidade Animal (LABMORSA), Universidade do Estado do Amapá - UEAP, Avenida Presidente Av. Pres. Vargas, 650 - Central, Macapá, CEP 68900-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Edilson Matos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Carlos Azevedo, Universidade Federal Rural do Amazonas - UFRA, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Belém, Pará, CEP 66.077-901, Brazil
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Description of two new species of Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infecting the gallbladder of Epinephelinae fishes from Tunisian waters using morphological and molecular data. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1317-1328. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zatti SA, Adriano EA, Araújo BL, Franzolin GN, Maia AAM. Expanding the geographic distribution of the freshwater parasite Ceratomyxa (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) with vermiform-type plasmodia. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105370. [PMID: 34954045 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although species of the genus Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 mostly parasitize marine fish around the world, a surprising diversity of the genus has recently been reported from Amazonian freshwater fish. In this study, we report a freshwater Ceratomyxa species parasitizing Hemiodus orthonops (Hemiodontidae) from the Paraná River (La Plata Basin) in a watershed flowing into the southern part of South America, which expands the geographic distribution of this fish parasite in the freshwater resources of the continent. We applied a combination of morphological, small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), and phylogenetic analyses, and vermiform-shaped plasmodia endowed with motility were found swimming in the bile of the fish. The characteristics of the plasmodia and myxospores of the Ceratomyxa species found in the Paraná River resembled those of Ceratomyxa fonsecai, a parasite of the congeneric host Hemiodus unimaculatus from the Tocantins River basin in northern Brazil. Due to the close morphological and morphometric resemblances and the impossibility of genetic comparison, the parasite found in H. orthonops from the Paraná River was designated as Ceratomyxa cf. fonsecai, and the definition of its taxonomic status was left for further study. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses showed Ceratomyxa cf. fonsecai clustering within a well-supported clade, together with other Amazonian freshwater ceratomyxids. The present study suggests that shifts of the complex host/parasite between marine and freshwater environments were facilitated by marine incursions into South America in the Early Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen A Zatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson A Adriano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno L Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo N Franzolin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio A M Maia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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da Silva DT, da Silva MF, Lima AM, Matos PS, de Carvalho Sanches O, Matos ER, Hamoy IG. Utrastructure and molecular phylogeny of the myxozoan Kudoa ocellatus n. sp. (Myxozoa: Kudoidae), a parasite of the Oscar, Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831; Teleostei: Cichlidae), a fish from northern Brazil. Parasitol Int 2021; 86:102472. [PMID: 34597759 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kudoa ocellatus n. sp. was found in the musculature of Astronotus ocelattus (Agassiz, 1831) from the Arari River on Marajó Island in Pará, Brazil. The new species forms pseudocysts in the epaxial and hypaxial musculature composed of various spores that are pseudoquadrate in the apical view. In the lateral view, the spores were triangular or pyramidal. In the lateral view, the spores were 46 ± 0.11 μm (4.5-4.8) in length and 6.6 ± 0.3 μm (6.2-7.2) in width, with four pyriform polar capsules of equal size that measured 2.0 ± 0.16 μm (1.8-2.2) in length and 1.5 ± 0.18 μm (1.3-1.8) in width. Based on the partial (1418 bps) sequence of the SSU rDNA gene, Kudoa ocellatus n. sp. was distinct from all the other Kudoa species deposited in GenBank. The phylogenetic Bayesian Inference and P distance placed the new species together with the other Kudoa species that parasitize freshwater Amazonian fish. The morphological evidence, together with the SSU rDNA gene sequence, supported the description of Kudoa ocellatus n. sp., a distinct new species of the genus, which parasitizes a freshwater Amazonian cichlid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diehgo Tuloza da Silva
- Postgraduate program in biology of infectious and parasitic agents (BAIP), Federal University of Pará (UFPa), Belém, PA, Brazil; Carlos Azevedo Research Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Francisco da Silva
- Ecology and Limnology Laboratory - LEL, State University of Tocantina Region of Maranhão - UEMASUL, Imperatriz, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Santos Matos
- Postgraduate program in biology of infectious and parasitic agents (BAIP), Federal University of Pará (UFPa), Belém, PA, Brazil; Carlos Azevedo Research Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Osimar de Carvalho Sanches
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Wellbeing, Universidade Santo Amaro - UNISA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson R Matos
- Carlos Azevedo Research Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Igor G Hamoy
- Laboratory of applied genetics, Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA), Belém, PA, Brazil
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Sousa FB, Milanin T, Morandini AC, Espinoza LL, Flores-Gonzales A, Gomes AL, Matoso DA, Mathews PD. Molecular diagnostic based on 18S rDNA and supplemental taxonomic data of the cnidarian coelozoic Ceratomyxa (Cnidaria, Myxosporea) and comments on the intraspecific morphological variation. ZOOSYST EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.97.64769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratomyxa amazonensis is a cnidarian myxosporean originally described with strongly arcuate crescent-shaped myxospores, absence of vegetative stages and infecting Symphysodon discus, an important Amazonian ornamental fish in the aquarium industry. As part of a long-term investigation concerning myxosporeans that infect discus fish Symphysodon spp. from different rivers of the Amazon Basin, thirty specimens of S. discus collected from Unini River were examined. Plasmodial vegetative stages therefrom were found freely floating in the bile of gall bladders from eighteen fish. Mature myxospores were slightly crescent-shaped, measuring 4.72 ± 0.1 (4.52–4.81) μm in length, 24.2 ± 0.4 (23.9–25.3) μm in thickness with polar capsules 2.31 ± 0.1 (2.29–2.33) μm in length and 2.15 ± 0.1 (2.13–2.17) μm in width. Strong morphological differences were observed between the newly isolated myxospores obtained and the previously described C. amazonensis; however, molecular assessment, based on 18S rDNA, revealed a high similarity (99.91%), with only a single nucleotide base change. This study provides new data, expanding the original description of the species with a discussion on differences in myxospore-morphology in the context of intraspecific morphological plasticity.
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Growing diversity supports radiation of an Ellipsomyxa lineage into the Amazon freshwater: Description of two novel species parasitizing fish from Tapajós and Amazon rivers. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105616. [PMID: 32621932 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Species of the genus Ellipsomyxa Køie, 2003, parasitize mostly marine and brackish fish around the world. In the present study, we describe two novel species of Ellipsomyxa: Ellipsomyxa plagioscioni n. sp. parasitizing the gall bladder of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Sciaenidae), a freshwater fish but commonly found in brackish water in the Amazonian estuarine environment; and Ellipsomyxa paraensis n. sp. infecting Cichla monoculus (Cichlidae), a strictly freshwater fish. The host specimens were caught from the Amazon and Tapajós rivers, in the municipal region of Santarém, in the State of Pará, Brazil. The study was performed using a combination of morphological, biological, and SSU rDNA-based phylogeny, which suggested that marine transgressions of the Miocene epoch, in the central region of South America, were a pathway for the adaptation and radiation of these cnidarian parasites in the freshwater environment. Both disporic plasmodia and mature myxospores were found floating freely in the bile. Mature myxospores from both species were ellipsoidal in the valvular and sutural views, with thin smooth valves elongated in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the transverse sutural line. Ellipsomyxa plagioscioni n. sp. myxospores measured 11.1 (10.2-12.8) µm in length and 6.6 (5.6-7.6) µm in width. Two pyriform polar capsules discharging on opposite sides, some distance from both the sutural line and the spore ends, measured 3.8 (3.2-4.4) µm in length and 2.8 (2.3-3.3) µm in width, with 5-6 coil polar tubules. Ellipsomyxa paraensis n. sp. myxospores measured 11.5 (10.5-12.4) µm in length and 7.5 (6.6-8.6) µm in width. Two pyriform polar capsules which discharged on opposite sides some distance from both the sutural line and spore ends, measured 3.2 (2.1-3.9) µm in length and 2.6 (2.0-3.3) µm in width, with 2-3 coil polar tubules. Valvular protrusions were observed, associated with the tips of the polar capsules. Molecular analysis based on the SSU rDNA sequences indicated that the two novel Ellipsomyxa species were distinct from all other sequences deposited in the GenBank database. The phylogenetic trees clustered E. plagioscioni n. sp. as a basal species of a lineage of the marine/estuarine Ellipsomyxa, while E. paraensis n. sp. clustered together with other Amazonian species.
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da Silva MF, de Carvalho AEFB, Hamoy I, Matos ER. Coelozoic parasite of the family Ceratomyxidae (Myxozoa, Bivalvulida) described from motile vermiform plasmodia found in Hemiodus unimaculatus Bloch, 1794. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:871-878. [PMID: 31897794 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Myxozoans of the family Ceratomyxidae are common coelozoic parasites of marine, anadromous, and freshwater fish, and may also be found, less frequently, parasitizing the tissue of these hosts. The diversity and ecology of the freshwater species of the genus Ceratomyxa have been poorly investigated, leading to a knowledge gap that restricts the understanding of the distribution and prevalence of this group of parasites. In the present study, parasites were found inside vermiform plasmodia, characterised by oscillatory movements in the characiform species Hemiodus unimaculatus. The crescent-shaped and elongated spores, perpendicular to the suture line, have a mean length of 28.9 ± 2.7 μm and width of 2.6 ± 0.1 μm, with two symmetrical oval polar capsules, 1.9 ± 0.3 μm in length and 1.7 ± 0.2 μm in width, containing polar filaments with three or four coils, located near the central suture, with symmetrical lateral elongations 14.3 ± 1.1 μm in length and binucleate amoeboid sporoplasm. The integrated comparative analysis of the morphological characteristics and partial SSU rRNA sequences supported the identification of a new species of coelozoic Ceratomyxa, found in the gallbladder of H. unimaculatus, from the Tocantins basin, in the municipalities of Estreito and Imperatriz in eastern Brazilian Amazonia.The new species was denominated Ceratomyxa fonsecai n. sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Francisco da Silva
- Postgraduate Programme in the Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents (BAIP), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belem, Brazil
- State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão-UEMASUL, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Hamoy
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics-LGA, Federal Rural University of Amazonia-UFRA, Belem, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edilson R Matos
- Carlos Azevedo Research Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Montese, Belém, Pará, 66077-901, Brazil.
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13
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Molecular and morphological analysis of Henneguya jundiai n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea), a new parasite of the gills of Rhamdia quelen in Brazil. Acta Trop 2019; 197:105053. [PMID: 31173737 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodia containing spores of a new species of myxozoan, Henneguya jundiai n. sp., were found in the gill arches of Rhamdia quelen catfish. The present study describes H. jundiai n. sp. based on morphological and molecular analysis. The mature spores were elongated and measured 26.9 ± 1.9 (22.9-29.2) μm in total spore length, 9.5 ± 0.4 (8.8-10.0) μm in spore body length, 4.6 ± 0.4 (4.1-5.5) μm in spore body width, 17.3 ± 1.8 (14.1-19.8) μm in tail length, 4.9 ± 0.3 (4.6-5.5) μm in polar capsule length and 1.4 ± 0.2 (1.2-1.7) μm in polar capsule width. The polar filaments had 6-7 coils. Histological analysis revealed the formation of a large plasmodium connected to the gill arch through the epithelial tissue. Ultrastructural analysis revealed the presence of a binucleated sporoplasm, as well as the polar capsules and the coils of the polar filament. Phylogenetic analysis found that H. jundiai n. sp. is located within a subclade formed by species of Henneguya which parasitize siluriform fish from Brazil. Henneguya jundiai n. sp. appears as a sister species of H. quelen. The results of the analyzes clearly indicated the existence of a new species, H. jundiai.
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Thabet A, Abdel-Baki AAS, Harrath AH, Mansour L. Morphological and molecular aspects of Ceratomyxa ghannouchensis n. sp. and C. pallida Thélohan 1894 infecting the bogue, Boops boops (l.). J NAT HIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1597202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aouatef Thabet
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, Parasitologie et Ecologie des Écosystèmes Aquatiques, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université De Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, Parasitologie et Ecologie des Écosystèmes Aquatiques, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université De Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Morphology and 18S rDNA sequencing of Henneguya peruviensis n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea), a parasite of the Amazonian ornamental fish Hyphessobrycon loretoensis from Peru: A myxosporean dispersal approach. Acta Trop 2018; 187:207-213. [PMID: 30107151 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Myxosporean are endoparasitic cnidarians of wide distribution and responsible for important economic losses in fisheries and aquaculture. A new myxosporean species, Henneguya peruviensis n. sp., is herein described as obtained from the gill filaments of Hyphessobrycon loretoensis caught in the Nanay River, Department of Loreto, Peru. The parasite was found in 37 of 45 (82.2%) examined H. loretoensis. The new species was characterized based on morphological features and 18S rDNA gene sequence data. The sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene from the spores of H. peruviensis n. sp. resulted in 1632 nucleotides and this sequence did not match any of the myxozoan available in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that H. peruviensis n. sp. closed together with H. leporinicola. Nonetheless, the 18S rDNA sequences of H. peruviensis n. sp. and H. leporinicola have only 82% similarity. This is the first description and molecular study of a Myxozoa parasitizing fish of the genus Hyphessobrycon in the Amazon basin. Given the importance of the ornamental fish industry in translocation of aquatic organisms worldwide, the international movement of myxosporeans in infected fish is discussed in terms of disease outbreaks and the need for preventative action.
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A new species of Myxosporea, Henneguya quelen, from silver catfish Rhamdia quelen (Siluriforme: Pimelodidae) in the Amazonian region. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3809-3820. [PMID: 30255237 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Henneguya quelen n. sp. (Myxosporea) is described from the kidney of the silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), from Marajó Island. In all, 40% of the 57 silver catfish collected from the Paracauari River in the municipality of Salvaterra presented cysts in the kidney. The cysts were whitish, spherical, and 0.45 mm in diameter. The histological analyses revealed tubular renal compression and cellular degeneration in the area adjacent to the xenomas. The spores are ellipsoid, with well-marked valves, caudal projection, and two elongated polar capsules of equal size. The mature spores measure approximately 15.6 μm in length, with the caudal appendage split posteriorly; 24.3 μm in length, for a total spore length of 40.0 μm; and a width of 4.1 μm. The polar capsules are pyriform, 5.5 μm long and 1.7 μm wide. A phylogenetic analysis based on Bayesian inference confirmed that the specimens represented a new species, which was denominated Henneguya quelen n. sp.
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Synopsis of the species of Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 (Cnidaria, Myxosporea, Ceratomyxidae) described between 2007 and 2017. Syst Parasitol 2018; 95:427-446. [PMID: 29594910 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-018-9791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A synopsis of the species of Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 (Cnidaria, Myxosporea, Ceratomyxidae) described between 2007 and 2017 is presented, including 83 nominal species. For each species, the most important morphological and morphometric features are indicated in tabulated format. Included are also the site of infection within the host, and geographical location, plus a full bibliography of the original records of species. Molecular data (GenBank accession numbers) are also provided whenever possible.
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18
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Ceratomyxa gracillima n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) provides evidence of panmixia and ceratomyxid radiation in the Amazon basin. Parasitology 2018; 145:1137-1146. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017002323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWe describe a new freshwater myxosporean species Ceratomyxa gracillima n. sp. from the gall bladder of the Amazonian catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii; the first myxozoan recorded in this host. The new Ceratomyxa was described on the basis of its host, myxospore morphometry, ssrDNA and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1) sequences. Infected fish were sampled from geographically distant localities: the Tapajós River, Pará State, the Amazon River, Amapá State and the Solimões River, Amazonas State. Immature and mature plasmodia were slender, tapered at both ends, and exhibited vermiform motility. The ribosomal sequences from parasite isolates from the three localities were identical, and distinct from all other Ceratomyxa sequences. No population-level genetic variation was observed, even in the typically more variable ITS-1 region. This absence of genetic variation in widely separated parasite samples suggests high gene flow as a result of panmixia in the parasite populations. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses placed C. gracillima n. sp. sister to Ceratomyxa vermiformis in a subclade together with Ceratomyxa brasiliensis and Ceratomyxa amazonensis, all of which have Amazonian hosts. This subclade, together with other Ceratomyxa from freshwater hosts, formed an apparently early diverging lineage. The Amazonian freshwater Ceratomyxa species may represent a radiation that originated during marine incursions into the Amazon basin that introduced an ancestral lineage in the late Oligocene or early Miocene.
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Zatti SA, Atkinson SD, Bartholomew JL, Maia AAM, Adriano EA. Amazonian waters harbour an ancient freshwater Ceratomyxa lineage (Cnidaria: Myxosporea). Acta Trop 2017; 169:100-106. [PMID: 28185825 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A new species of Ceratomyxa parasitizing the gall bladder of Cichla monoculus, an endemic cichlid fish from the Amazon basin in Brazil, is described using morphological and molecular data. In the bile, both immature and mature myxospores were found floating freely or inside elongated plasmodia: length 304 (196-402) μm and width 35.7 (18.3-55.1) μm. Mature spores were elongated and only slightly crescent-shaped in frontal view with a prominent sutural line between two valve cells, which had rounded ends. Measurements of formalin-fixed myxospores: length 6.3±0.6 (5.1-7.5) μm, thickness 41.2±2.9 (37.1-47.6) μm, posterior angle 147°. Lateral projections slightly asymmetric, with lengths 19.3±1.4μm and 20.5±1.3μm. Two ovoid, equal size polar capsules, length 2.6±0.3 (2-3.3) μm, width 2.5±0.4 (1.8-3.7) μm, located adjacent to the suture and containing polar filaments with 3-4 turns. The small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence of 1605 nt was no more than 97% similar to any other sequence in GenBank, and together with the host, locality and morphometric data, supports diagnosis of the parasite as a new species, Ceratomyxa brasiliensis n. sp. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses showed that C. brasiliensis n. sp. clustered within the marine Ceratomyxa clade, but was in a basally divergent lineage with two other freshwater species from the Amazon basin. Our results are consistent with previous studies that show Ceratomyxa species can cluster according to both geography and host ecotype, and that the few known freshwater species diverged from marine cousins relatively early in evolution of the genus, possibly driven by marine incursions into riverine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen A Zatti
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen D Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 97331, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jerri L Bartholomew
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 97331, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Antônio A M Maia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, São Paulo University, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson A Adriano
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Professor Arthur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Yang C, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Huang W, Huang C. Erection ofUnicapsulocaudum mugilumgen. et sp. nov. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) based on its morphological and molecular data. J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1303096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Motility, morphology and phylogeny of the plasmodial worm, Ceratomyxa vermiformis n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa: Myxosporea). Parasitology 2016; 144:158-168. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016001852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe Myxozoa demonstrate extensive morphological simplification and miniaturization relative to their free-living cnidarian ancestors. This is particularly pronounced in the highly derived myxosporeans, which develop as plasmodia and pseudoplasmodia. To date, motility in these stages has been linked with membrane deformation (e.g. as pseudopodia and mobile folds). Here we illustrate a motile, elongate plasmodium that undergoes coordinated undulatory locomotion, revealing remarkable convergence to a functional worm at the cellular level. Ultrastructural and confocal analyses of these plasmodia identify a highly differentiated external layer containing an actin-rich network, long tubular mitochondria, abundant microtubules, a secreted glycocalyx layer, and an internal region where sporogony occurs and which contains homogeneously distributed granular/fibrillar material. We consider how some of these features may support motility. We also describe the species based on spore morphology and SSU rDNA sequence data, undertake molecular phylogenetic analysis to place it within an early-diverging clade of the ceratomyxids, and evaluate the resultant implications for classification (validity of the genus Meglitschia) and for inferring early host environments (freshwater) of ceratomyxids.
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