1
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Oliveira MIB, Majolo C, Sebastião FA, Tavares-Dias M, Brandão FR, Chagas EC. In vitro culture and morphology of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) collected from the intestine of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) farmed in the Brazilian Amazon. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e275748. [PMID: 37970905 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is a species of great economic importance for fish farming in the Brazilian Amazon, and acanthocephaliasis caused by Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Golvan 1956) represents an obstacle to its production due to it causing severe morphological damage to the intestinal mucosa, thus impairing the absorption of nutrients and causing weight loss in the fish. Therefore, the establishment of in vitro protocols for evaluation of anthelmintic drugs is the first step to development of effective measures for in vivo control of this endoparasite. The present study evaluated the in vitro survival of N. buttnerae maintained in Eagle's minimum essential medium under different culture conditions. Three assays were carried out to evaluate whether temperature, supplementation with the antibiotics penicillin and streptomycin, and culture medium replacement or no replacement would influence the motility and morphology of the acanthocephalans. The results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the use of culture in minimum essential medium together with penicillin and streptomycin prolonged the parasite's survival when kept at temperatures of 24 °C or 28 °C. We describe herein for first time an alternative protocol that is ideal for the in vitro culture of N. buttnerae. As such, this protocol ensures greater reliability in further in vitro studies with N. buttnerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I B Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros - PPGCARP, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Departamento de Morfologia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - C Majolo
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - F A Sebastião
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros - PPGCARP, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | - F R Brandão
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros - PPGCARP, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - E C Chagas
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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2
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Bosi G, Maynard BJ, Pironi F, Sayyaf Dezfuli B. Parasites and the neuroendocrine control of fish intestinal function: an ancient struggle between pathogens and host. Parasitology 2022; 149:1842-1861. [PMID: 36076315 PMCID: PMC11010486 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most individual fish in wild and farmed populations can be infected with parasites. Fish intestines can harbour protozoans, myxozoans and helminths, which include several species of digeneans, cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephalans. Enteric parasites often induce inflammation of the intestine; the pathogen provokes changes in the host physiology, which will be genetically selected for if they benefit the parasite. The host response to intestinal parasites involves neural, endocrine and immune systems and interaction among these systems is coordinated by hormones, chemokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters including peptides. Intestinal fish parasites have effects on the components of the enteric nervous and endocrine systems; mechanical/chemical changes impair the activity of these systems, including gut motility and digestion. Investigations on the role of the neuroendocrine system in response to fish intestinal parasites are very few. This paper provides immunohistochemical and ultrastructural data on effects of parasites on the enteric nervous system and the enteric endocrine system in several fish–parasite systems. Emphasis is on the occurrence of 21 molecules including cholecystokinin-8, neuropeptide Y, enkephalins, galanin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and serotonin in infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Bosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, St. dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Barbara J. Maynard
- The Institute for Learning and Teaching, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Flavio Pironi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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3
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Schmidt H, Mauer K, Glaser M, Dezfuli BS, Hellmann SL, Silva Gomes AL, Butter F, Wade RC, Hankeln T, Herlyn H. Identification of antiparasitic drug targets using a multi-omics workflow in the acanthocephalan model. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:677. [PMID: 36180835 PMCID: PMC9523657 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the expansion of animal production, parasitic helminths are gaining increasing economic importance. However, application of several established deworming agents can harm treated hosts and environment due to their low specificity. Furthermore, the number of parasite strains showing resistance is growing, while hardly any new anthelminthics are being developed. Here, we present a bioinformatics workflow designed to reduce the time and cost in the development of new strategies against parasites. The workflow includes quantitative transcriptomics and proteomics, 3D structure modeling, binding site prediction, and virtual ligand screening. Its use is demonstrated for Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms) which are an emerging pest in fish aquaculture. We included three acanthocephalans (Pomphorhynchus laevis, Neoechinorhynchus agilis, Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae) from four fish species (common barbel, European eel, thinlip mullet, tambaqui). Results The workflow led to eleven highly specific candidate targets in acanthocephalans. The candidate targets showed constant and elevated transcript abundances across definitive and accidental hosts, suggestive of constitutive expression and functional importance. Hence, the impairment of the corresponding proteins should enable specific and effective killing of acanthocephalans. Candidate targets were also highly abundant in the acanthocephalan body wall, through which these gutless parasites take up nutrients. Thus, the candidate targets are likely to be accessible to compounds that are orally administered to fish. Virtual ligand screening led to ten compounds, of which five appeared to be especially promising according to ADMET, GHS, and RO5 criteria: tadalafil, pranazepide, piketoprofen, heliomycin, and the nematicide derquantel. Conclusions The combination of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics led to a broadly applicable procedure for the cost- and time-saving identification of candidate target proteins in parasites. The ligands predicted to bind can now be further evaluated for their suitability in the control of acanthocephalans. The workflow has been deposited at the Galaxy workflow server under the URL tinyurl.com/yx72rda7. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08882-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Schmidt
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Present address: Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina Mauer
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuel Glaser
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sören Lukas Hellmann
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Molecular Genetics and Genomic Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Present address: Nucleic Acids Core Facility, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Falk Butter
- Quantitative Proteomics, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Molecular Genetics and Genomic Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Herlyn
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Biller JD, Chagas EC. Mechanisms of resistance and tolerance against parasites in fish: the impairments caused by Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae in Colossoma macropomum. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210258. [PMID: 35830072 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tambaqui is the second native fish most produced species in Brazil. Currently, tambaqui fish farms deals with serious sanitary problems due to the prevalence of the parasite Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. However, the prevalence of the acanthocephalan parasite infections depends on the resistance and tolerance interactions between the host organisms and parasites. The immune response against parasites is divided between innate and acquired immunity. The innate defense is a result of physical barriers, cellular and humoral compounds. Acquired defense occurs through the production of antibodies (humoral) and is mediated by cells, mainly by type 2 T helper lymphocytes. Most parasites secrete a variety of immunomodulatory compounds that allow coexistence with the host and chronicity of the parasite. The host-parasite relationship is complex and makes prevention and treatment difficult. However, some studies show that the use of immunostimulants may have "systemic" effects. These include improvement of the intestinal mucosa health and also in the production of cellular and humoral compounds in the whole body, thus assisting treatment and control. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms of resistance and tolerance in the host organisms so that prevention and treatment measures can be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline D Biller
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Departamento de Produção Animal, Campus de Dracena, Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 651, Bairro das Antas, 17900-000 Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - Edsandra C Chagas
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rodovia AM 010, Km 2, Caixa Postal 319, Zona Rural, 69010970 , AM, Brazil
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5
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de Matos LV, de Oliveira MIB, de Oliveira Malta JC, da Silva GS. Digestive tube of an herbivorous fish (Rhytiodus microlepis) from the Amazonian floodplain lakes: A morphological and histochemical study. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:897-907. [PMID: 34477252 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the morphology and histochemistry of the digestive tube of the herbivorous fish Rhytiodus microlepis, which is commonly found in the Amazonian floodplain lakes, Brazil. Thirty-eight fish were used in this study. The digestive tube was measured and dissected for anatomical description, and stained with (i) haematoxylin and eosin, for histological analyses; (ii) periodic acid-Schiff, for detected neutral mucins; and (iii) Alcian Blue (AB) pH 1.0 and 2.5 for acid and sulphated acid mucins. The oesophagus, with its secretory cells and taste buds, is adapted for lubrication of vegetable matter, resistance to friction and reception of stimuli. The stomach is U-shaped and rich in gastric glands, particularly in cardiac and fundic regions, which are adapted to receive large amounts of food, and promotes the digestion. The intestine comprises more than 70% of the digestive tube. All portions of the intestine, except the rectum, have the same pattern of mucosal folds, and the goblet cells reacted positively to all histochemical methods (PAS, AB 1.0 and 2.5), while rodlet cells reacted only to periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Neutral mucins and sulphated acid mucins predominated in the anterior portion of the intestine and a high concentration of carboxylated acid mucosubstances were present in the other portions. The rectum showed a strong reaction to all histochemical methods. The muscular layer of the intestine consists of three layers, which showed features presumably related to the rigid nature of the food. A simple squamous epithelium constitutes the serous layer over the entire length of the tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Vieira de Matos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Parasitologia de Peixes, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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6
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Braga de Oliveira MI, Rodrigues Brandão F, Rocha da Silva MJ, Carvalho Rosa M, Santana Farias CF, Silva dos Santos D, Majolo C, Oliveira MRD, Chaves FCM, Bizzo HR, Tavares-Dias M, Chagas EC. In vitro anthelmintic efficacy of essential oils in the control of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae, an endoparasite of Colossoma macropomum. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2021.1921065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Braga de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Franmir Rodrigues Brandão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria Juliete Rocha da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Márcio Carvalho Rosa
- Departamento de Biologia, Uninorte Laureate International Universities, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Silva dos Santos
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Hospedeiro-Patógeno, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edsandra Campos Chagas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, Brazil
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7
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Nguyen TH, Dorny P, Nguyen TTG, Dermauw V. Helminth infections in fish in Vietnam: A systematic review. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2021; 14:13-32. [PMID: 33384920 PMCID: PMC7770511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In Vietnam, fisheries play a key role in the national economy. Helminth infections in fish have a major impact on public health and sustainable fish production. A comprehensive summary of the recent knowledge on fish helminths is important to understand the distribution of parasites in the country, and to design effective control measures. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted, collecting available literature published between January 2004 and October 2020. A total of 108 eligible records were retrieved reporting 268 helminth species, among which are digeneans, monogeneans, cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephalans. Some helminths were identified with zoonotic potential, such as, the heterophyids, opisthorchiids, the nematodes Gnathostoma spinigerum, Anisakis sp. and Capillaria spp. and the cestode Hysterothylacium; and with highly pathogenic potential, such as, the monogeneans of Capsalidae, Diplectanidae and Gyrodactylidae, the nematodes Philometra and Camallanidae, the tapeworm Schyzocotyle acheilognathi, the acanthocephalans Neoechinorhynchus and Acanthocephalus. Overall, these studies only covered about nine percent of the more than 2400 fish species occurring in the waters of Vietnam. Considering the expansion of the aquaculture sector as a part of the national economic development strategy, it is important to expand the research to cover the helminth fauna of all fish species, to assess their potential zoonotic and fish health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Residues, National Center for Veterinary Hygiene Inspection, 28/78 Giai Phong Rd, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thanh Thi Giang Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 74 Truong Chinh Rd, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium
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8
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Gouveia ÉJ, Cavalcanti LD, Leal FC, Mendes SGF, Russo MR. Trophic relationship between the Patinga hybrid (Piaractus mesopotamicus x Piaractus brachypomus) and Echinorhynchus gomesi Machado Filho, 1948 in fish farms. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:874-877. [PMID: 33112421 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A total of 122 Patinga specimens were collected from fish farms (P1, P2 and P3), and only those from fish farm P1 were shown to be infected with Echinorhynchus gomesi. In addition, fish in this study were shown to have diets that consisted of 21 different food items, and Notodiaptomus sp. (Copepoda: Calanoida) was identified as a potential intermediate host for E. gomesi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élida J Gouveia
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais-Programa de Pós graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Lidiany D Cavalcanti
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais-Programa de Pós graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Leal
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais-Programa de Pós graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Sarah G F Mendes
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais-Programa de Pós graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Russo
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais-Programa de Pós graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Brazil
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9
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Castro LDA, Jerônimo GT, Silva RMD, Santos MJ, Ramos CA, Porto SMDA. Occurrence, pathogenicity, and control of acanthocephalosis caused by Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e008320. [PMID: 32965394 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections negatively influence the production of tambaqui, and in north Brazil, the wide distribution of this parasitic disease has generated concern among fish farmers. The objective of this study was to review published literature on this pathogen. Six main online research databases were searched using the keywords "Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae", "acantocefalose", and "acanthocephalan fish". Based on a set of predetermined criteria, 39 publications were selected for this review. The mechanism of pathogenic action of N. buttnerae is related to the degree of penetration of the proboscis. Infection results in histopathological and morphological changes in the host. The recurrence of the parasite in the northern region was greater twelve years after their first occurrence. The lack of specific legislation on veterinary products for aquatic animals, combined with the neglect of good management practices, and the absence of a contingency plan for the control of acanthocephalan infections have contributed to the current health situation of Colossoma macropomum northern Brazil. Additional information about the occurrence of the disease, pathogenicity, and control of acanthocephalan infections are imperative for developing a disease contingency plan in the region and research to address these should be encouraged by the sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane de Araújo Castro
- Pós-graduanda do Programa em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo
- Laboratório de Sanidade de Animais Aquáticos - LASAA, Departamento de Ciências Pesqueiras, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Renata Maria da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Maria João Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cleverson Agner Ramos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Sanny Maria de Andrade Porto
- Laboratório de Sanidade de Animais Aquáticos - LASAA, Departamento de Ciências Pesqueiras, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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10
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Mauer K, Hellmann SL, Groth M, Fröbius AC, Zischler H, Hankeln T, Herlyn H. The genome, transcriptome, and proteome of the fish parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232973. [PMID: 32574180 PMCID: PMC7310846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) are endoparasites exploiting Mandibulata (Arthropoda) and Gnathostomata (Vertebrata). Despite their world-wide occurrence and economic relevance as a pest, genome and transcriptome assemblies have not been published before. However, such data might hold clues for a sustainable control of acanthocephalans in animal production. For this reason, we present the first draft of an acanthocephalan nuclear genome, besides the mitochondrial one, using the fish parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis (Palaeacanthocephala) as a model. Additionally, we have assembled and annotated the transcriptome of this species and the proteins encoded. A hybrid assembly of long and short reads resulted in a near-complete P. laevis draft genome of ca. 260 Mb, comprising a large repetitive portion of ca. 63%. Numbers of transcripts and translated proteins (35,683) were within the range of other members of the Rotifera-Acanthocephala clade. Our data additionally demonstrate a significant reorganization of the acanthocephalan gene repertoire. Thus, more than 20% of the usually conserved metazoan genes were lacking in P. laevis. Ontology analysis of the retained genes revealed many connections to the incorporation of carotinoids. These are probably taken up via the surface together with lipids, thus accounting for the orange coloration of P. laevis. Furthermore, we found transcripts and protein sequences to be more derived in P. laevis than in rotifers from Monogononta and Bdelloidea. This was especially the case in genes involved in energy metabolism, which might reflect the acanthocephalan ability to use the scarce oxygen in the host intestine for respiration and simultaneously carry out fermentation. Increased plasticity of the gene repertoire through the integration of foreign DNA into the nuclear genome seems to be another underpinning factor of the evolutionary success of acanthocephalans. In any case, energy-related genes and their proteins may be considered as candidate targets for the acanthocephalan control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mauer
- Anthropology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sören Lukas Hellmann
- Molecular Genetics and Genomic Analysis Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- CF DNA sequencing, Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Fröbius
- Molecular Andrology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Hans Zischler
- Anthropology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Molecular Genetics and Genomic Analysis Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Herlyn
- Anthropology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Souza DCDM, Santos MCD, Chagas EC. Immune response of teleost fish to helminth parasite infection. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2019; 28:533-547. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Fish immune systems have become the subject of several studies due to the growing development of aquaculture and fisheries, and the demand for healthy produce for human consumption. Among the parasites responsible for diseases in fish farming, helminths stand out because they cause infections in farmed fish and decrease food conversion, zootechnical performance and meat quality. In the present review, the components that participate in the innate and adaptive immune responses of teleost fish that have so far been described are presented in order to summarize the defenses that these hosts have recourse to, in combating different groups of helminth parasites.
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12
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Pereira RT, Nebo C, de Paula Naves L, Fortes-Silva R, Regina Cardoso de Oliveira I, Paulino RR, Drummond CD, Rosa PV. Distribution of goblet and endocrine cells in the intestine: A comparative study in Amazonian freshwater Tambaqui and hybrid catfish. J Morphol 2019; 281:55-67. [PMID: 31782555 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Goblet cells (GCs) and endocrine cells (ECs) play an important role in intestine physiology, and few studies currently exist for Amazonian fishes. This study aimed to quantify the distribution of GCs and ECs producing cholecystokinin-8 and neuropeptide Y, assessed by mucin histochemistry and peptides immunohistochemistry, in the intestine of two Amazonian species with different feeding habits Tambaqui (Colossosoma macropomum) and hybrid catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × Leiarius marmoratus), an omnivore and carnivore, respectively. A systematic literature review correlating feeding habit and GC and EC distribution was also included to contribute to the comparative study. The results of this study provided novel information about the gut cells of Tambaqui and hybrid catfish. Both, GCs and ECs can be found sweeping the entire intestine of Tambaqui and hybrid catfish although the cells can be more concentrated in certain segments. The GCs and ECs in Tambaqui were more uniformly distributed in the midgut segments (T1, T2, and T3). Unlike, in hybrid catfish GCs were more concentrated in the hindgut (C4) and ECs mainly in the two midgut segments (C1 and C2) of hybrid catfish. Based on the comparison between Tambaqui, hybrid catfish, and other fishes in the literature review, we suggest that cell distribution can be partially explained by feeding habits, carnivorous vs. omnivorous.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Nebo
- Institute of Studies of Humid Tropic, Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará (UNIFESSPA), Xinguara, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Paula Naves
- Department of Veterinary, University of José do Rosário Vellano (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fortes-Silva
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition and Feeding Behavior (AquaUFRB), Federal University of Bahia UFRB, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Rosa Paulino
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Vieira Rosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
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13
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Effect of nutraceuticals on acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and its toxicity to the host tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e102. [PMID: 31679532 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The production of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum has been undergoing financial losses due to parasitic infection by the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae, raising an alert for aquaculture in South America. The lack of adequate treatment and use of unlicensed chemicals encourages research for alternative solutions with minimal side effects. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antiparasitic potential of commercial nutraceutical products (Natumix® and BioFish®) against N. buttnerae and to assess the respective in vivo toxic effects on the host tambaqui. For in vitro assays, parasitized fish were necropsied for acanthocephalans sampling. The parasites were exposed to three concentrations (0.078, 0.313 and 1.25 mg/ml) of each product, as well as controls (one without product and another with a solubilizer). For the in vivo acute toxicity test, juvenile fish (<0.1 g) were exposed to five increasing concentrations of each product. Mortality of tambaqui was recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The estimated lethal concentration (LC) for 10, 50, 90 and 99% of fish was determined to classify the toxicity of the products on the target species. After in vitro efficacy tests, the highest concentrations (1.25 mg/ml) caused 100% mortality of the parasites in both products, but only Natumix® caused 100% mortality using the intermediate concentration (0.313 mg/ml) after 24 h. According to the acute toxicity result, the LC50 classified the nutraceutical products as slightly toxic for tambaqui. The tested products had a parasiticidal effect on N. buttnerae, and the toxicity test showed that both products have therapeutic potential when added to the diet.
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Oliveira LCD, Majolo C, Brandão FR, Farias CFS, Oliveira MIB, Santos WB, Monteiro PC, Rocha MJS, Chagas EC, Tavares-Dias M. Avermectins, praziquantel and levamisole have in vitro efficacy against Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Neoechinorhynchidae) in Colossoma macropomum: A Serrasalmidae from the Amazon. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:765-772. [PMID: 30801739 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lígia C D Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program on Tropical Biodiversity (PPGBio), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, Brazil
| | | | - Franmir R Brandão
- Postgraduate Program on Fishery Sciences in the Tropics, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Inês B Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program on Fishery Sciences in the Tropics, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia C Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program on Fishery Sciences in the Tropics, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria Juliete S Rocha
- Postgraduate Program on Fishery Sciences in the Tropics, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Edsandra C Chagas
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program on Fishery Sciences in the Tropics, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Postgraduate Program on Tropical Biodiversity (PPGBio), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, Brazil
- Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
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15
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de Oliveira MIB, de Matos LV, da Silva LA, Chagas EC, da Silva GS, Gomes ALS. The digestive tube of Piaractus brachypomus: gross morphology, histology/histochemistry of the mucosal layer and the effects of parasitism by Neoechinorhynchus sp. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:648-659. [PMID: 30762233 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to describe the histology and histochemistry of the mucosal layer of the digestive tube of Piaractus brachypomus, and the histopathology associated with parasitism by Neoechinorhynchus sp. The digestive tube of P. brachypomus consists of three macroscopically distinct portions: short, rectilinear and elastic-walled ooesophagus, J-shaped siphon stomach and a long intestine with rectilinear and curved portions, defined by patterns of villi as foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Histological and histochemical differences were observed in the mucosal layers of the different digestive tube regions, such as intense production of neutral and acidic mucous substances in the pseudostratified mucosal epithelium of the oesophagus; positive periodic acid Schiff reagent (PAS)reactions at the apex of the columnar epithelial cells of the stomach and increased intensity of histochemical reactions in the hindgut region. Neoechinorhynchus sp. was present in 85.7% of specimens examined, with a mean intensity of 7.4 ± 6.2 (±) and abundance of 6.33. Good health of the fish indicated by high relative condition factor values ( Kn ) and occurrence of only mild to moderate alteration in the mucosal layer indicated that Neoechinorhynchus sp. exhibits low pathogenicity towards P. brachypomus hosts in farming environments, with low levels of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lorena V de Matos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lídia A da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática da Região Amazônica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Edsandra C Chagas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Ana L S Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Rocha MJS, Jerônimo GT, Costa OTFD, Malta JCDO, Martins ML, Maciel PO, Chagas EC. Changes in hematological and biochemical parameters of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum ) parasitized by metazoan species. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2018; 27:488-494. [PMID: 30427527 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of metazoan parasites on hematological and biochemical parameters and relative condition factor of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum ) farmed in northern Brazil. A total of 32 juvenile fish were captured from a commercial fish farm located in the municipality of Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas state, Brazil. Parasite prevalence was 100% for Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri and Notozothecium janauachensis, 100% for Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and 53.13% for Dolops geayi. The greatest mean parasite intensity was found in acantocephalans followed by monogeneans and branchiuran crustaceans. A negative correlation was observed between abundance of N. buttnerae and hematocrit percentage, hemoglobin concentration, total thrombocyte count and glucose and between abundance of the monogenean and glucose concentration. Parasitic infections caused damage in tambaqui in terms of the observed hematological parameters that were characterized by hypochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia, which are important parameters to be used in parasitic diagnosis. This study is the first record of the occurrence of Dolops geayi in farmed tambaqui in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Juliete Souza Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo
- Laboratório de Saúde Aquática - AQUOS, Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | | | | | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- Laboratório de Saúde Aquática - AQUOS, Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Patricia Oliveira Maciel
- Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - Edsandra Campos Chagas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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17
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Costa CMDS, Lima TBC, Cruz MGD, Almeida DV, Martins ML, Jerônimo GT. In vitro culture of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae): Influence of temperature and culture media. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2018; 27:562-569. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Infection by the acantocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae is considered one of most important concerns for tambaqui fish (Colossoma macropomum ) production. Treatment strategies have been the focus of several in vivo studies; however, few studies have been undertaken on in vitro protocols for parasite maintenance. The aim of the present study was to develop the best in vitro culture condition for N. buttnerae to ensure its survival and adaptation out of the host to allow for the testing of substances to be used to control the parasite. To achieve this, parasites were collected from naturally infected fish and distributed in 6-well culture plates under the following treatments in triplicate: 0.9% NaCl, sterile tank water, L-15 Leibovitz culture medium, L-15 Leibovitz + agar 2% culture medium, RPMI 1640 culture medium, and RPMI 1640 + agar 2% culture medium. The plates containing the parasites were maintained at 24 °C, 28 °C, and 32 °C. The RPMI 1640 + agar 2% culture medium showed the best survival of 24 days at 24 °C. No body alterations such as swollen parasites, body deformation, dehydration and hardening were observed in the RPMI 1640 + 2% culture medium.
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18
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Lourenço FDS, Morey GAM, Malta JCDO. The development of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in its intermediate host Cypridopsis vidua in Brazil. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:354-359. [PMID: 29654667 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The family Neoechinorhynchidae includes seven species of Neoechinorhynchus from freshwater fishes of Brazil. Although several Neoechinorhynchus species are cited infecting different fish species in Brazil, there is a lack of information concerning to their life cycle and the identification of the intermediate hosts. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the development of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae in its intermediate host collected in a fish farm located in Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas, Brazil. To verify the presence of N. buttnerae in the fish pond, twenty Colossoma macropomum were captured and analyzed, being corroborated the presence of this parasite species. Samples of plankton were also collected, finding the ostracod Cypridopsis vidua as the intermediate host. For the description of the larvae development, a laboratory experimental procedure was conducted by feeding the collected ostracods with the eggs of the adult specimens taken from the sampled fish. To observe the stages of development an artificial hatch was performed. Every stage of development was photographed, measured, drawn and described. The time of development of the immature stages of N. buttnerae was 29 days, reporting the stages: acanthor, acanthella (with eight developmental changes) and cystacanth. As high infections by N. buttnerae causes morphological damages to the intestine and may compromise the quality of C. macropomum and in consequence the production of fish farmers in the Brazilian Amazon region, the knowledge of its intermediate host and the understanding of its life cycle represents a useful information to prevent and combat infections by this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Sousa Lourenço
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, 69067-375.Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior-BADPI, Brazil
| | - Germán Augusto Murrieta Morey
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100-Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 81531-980
| | - José Celso de Oliveira Malta
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Parasitologia e Patologia de Peixes, Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 69067-375
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Romano N, Ashikin M, Teh JC, Syukri F, Karami A. Effects of pristine polyvinyl chloride fragments on whole body histology and protease activity in silver barb Barbodes gonionotus fry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:1106-1111. [PMID: 29157968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Silver barb Barbodes gonionotus fry were exposed to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fragments at increasing concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L for 96 h, following which whole body histological evaluation and analysis of the digestive enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin were performed. Whole body trypsin and chymotrypsin activities increased significantly in fish exposed to 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L PVC as compared those exposed to zero or 0.2 mg/L PVC. In fish exposed to all tested concentrations, PVCs were observed in both the proximal and distal intestine, and fish exposed to 0.5-1.0 and 1.0 mg/L PVC, respectively, and these particles were associated with localized thickening of the mucosal epithelium. No tissue damage was evident in any other internal organs or gills. This lack of damage may be attributed to the absence of contaminants associated with the PVC fragments and their relatively smooth surface. The increased whole body trypsin and chymotrypsin activities may indicate an attempt to enhance digestion to compensate for epithelial thickening of the intestine and/or to digest the plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Aquaculture/Fisheries Center, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, 71601 Pine Bluff, AR, USA.
| | - Munirah Ashikin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jun Chin Teh
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fadhil Syukri
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
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Distribution of the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and semiquantitative analysis of histopathological damage in the intestine of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1689-1698. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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