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Do Carmo GM, Berto BP, Pereira FB, De Souza Lima S, De Araújo-Júnior HI, Pinheiro RM. Protozoan parasites of birds from the Tremembé formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin), São Paulo, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 45:46-54. [PMID: 38657471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the presence of protozoan parasites in bird coprolites from the Tremembé Formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin). MATERIALS Twenty avian coprolites embedded in pyrobituminous shale matrices. METHODS Samples were rehydrated and subjected to spontaneous sedimentation. RESULTS Paleoparasitological analyses revealed oocysts compatible with the Eimeriidae family (Apicomplexa) and one single Archamoebae (Amoebozoa) cyst. CONCLUSIONS The present work increases the amount of information about the spread of infections throughout the Cenozoic Era and reveals that the Brazilian paleoavifauna played an important role in the Apicomplexa and Amoebozoa life cycles. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first record of protozoans in avian coprolites from the Oligocene of Brazil. These findings can help in the interpretation of phylogenies of coccidian parasites of modern birds, as certain taxonomic characters observed in the Oligocene Protozoa characterize monophyletic groups in current molecular phylogenetic analyses. LIMITATIONS None of the oocysts were sporulated; therefore, it is not possible to identify the morphotypes to genus or species. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Our results create new perspectives related to biogeographic studies of the parasitic groups described and may improve the understanding of the temporal amplitude of parasitic evolutionary relationships between Protozoans and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Macêdo Do Carmo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Antônio Carlos Ave., Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Pereira Berto
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Luiz Henrique Rezende Novaes Hwy, Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bisaggio Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Antônio Carlos Ave., Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sueli De Souza Lima
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas., José Lourenço Kelmer Str, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ralph Maturano Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Antônio Carlos Ave., Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas., José Lourenço Kelmer Str, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
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Beltrame MO, Moviglia GS, De Tommaso D, Quintana S. Gastrointestinal parasites of domestic sheep from Patagonia throughout historical times: A paleoparasitological approach. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 44:100915. [PMID: 37652634 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Sheep husbandry in Patagonia, Argentina, started at the beginning of the 20th century from European settlers. Sanitary management is minimal, which has serious implications for the sheep health. Sheep can be infested by diverse parasites, with well over 150 species of internal and external parasites reported worldwide. Gastrointestinal parasitism is one of the most common and important infections in sheep concerning the health status, and is the cause of significant morbidity and mortality, which generates considerable production losses. The present work is the first paleoparasitological study of sheep coprolites from Patagonia throughout historical times. Fifty-seven coprolites from the 'Cueva Peligro' archaeological site (Patagonia, Argentina) were analyzed using the Lutz spontaneous sedimentation technique and the modified Faust flotation technique. Ancient DNA (aDNA) study was carried out in order to identify the zoological origin of coprolites. The results obtained from Cytb analysis confirmed the identity of the host as Ovis aries (domestic sheep). A total of 39 coprolites examined were positive for parasites by at least one of the studied methods. Thirty eight samples were positive by spontaneous sedimentation and 10 samples were positive by the modified Faust technique. The parasitic fauna found was Trichuris sp. (Trichinellida: Trichuridae), Nematodirus sp., Nematodirus spathiger (Strongylida, Trichostrongyloidea), two unidentified Strongylida-type egg morphotypes, Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea) and coccidia oocysts of Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). The modified Faust technique provided satisfactory results in terms of sensitivity for the detection of Eimeria spp. The use of this methodology as a routine procedure enables the processing of ancient samples, in order to increase recoveries. These results show the importance of integrating different diagnostic approaches in order to optimize parasitic findings. The recorded parasite diversity appears to have not changed over the last 120 years. The study displayed the presence of different parasitic species which suggests potential exposure to parasitic diseases through the historical times, both for sheep and for other domestic and wild mammals from Patagonia. Also, suggests the presence of fasciolosis, a zoonotic disease that implies a potential risk for Patagonian populations in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ornela Beltrame
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gloria Sofía Moviglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Daniela De Tommaso
- Grupo de Investigación en Gestión, Desarrollo Territorial y Ambiente (GesDTA), Facultad Regional Chubut, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (FRCh-UTN)
| | - Silvina Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Human and Animal Fascioliasis: Origins and Worldwide Evolving Scenario. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0008819. [PMID: 36468877 PMCID: PMC9769525 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00088-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a plant- and waterborne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by two trematode species: (i) Fasciola hepatica in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania and (ii) F. gigantica, which is restricted to Africa and Asia. Fasciolid liver flukes infect mainly herbivores as ruminants, equids, and camelids but also omnivore mammals as humans and swine and are transmitted by freshwater Lymnaeidae snail vectors. Two phases may be distinguished in fasciolid evolution. The long predomestication period includes the F. gigantica origin in east-southern Africa around the mid-Miocene, the F. hepatica origin in the Near-Middle East of Asia around the latest Miocene to Early Pliocene, and their subsequent local spread. The short postdomestication period includes the worldwide spread by human-guided movements of animals in the last 12,000 years and the more recent transoceanic anthropogenic introductions of F. hepatica into the Americas and Oceania and of F. gigantica into several large islands of the Pacific with ships transporting livestock in the last 500 years. The routes and chronology of the spreading waves followed by both fasciolids into the five continents are redefined on the basis of recently generated knowledge of human-guided movements of domesticated hosts. No local, zonal, or regional situation showing disagreement with historical records was found, although in a few world zones the available knowledge is still insufficient. The anthropogenically accelerated evolution of fasciolids allows us to call them "peridomestic endoparasites." The multidisciplinary implications for crucial aspects of the disease should therefore lead the present baseline update to be taken into account in future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Adela Valero
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, Madrid, Spain
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Cardia DFF, Bertini RJ, Camossi LG, Richini-Pereira VB, Losnak DO, Francischini H, Dentzien-Dias P. Paleoparasitological analysis of a coprolite assigned to a carnivoran mammal from the Upper Pleistocene Touro Passo Formation, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190876. [PMID: 34105692 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A paleoparasitological analysis was carried out on a large coprolite assigned to a carnivoran mammal, recovered from the Municipality of Uruguaiana, in the western region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where the Upper Pleistocene Touro Passo Formation crops out. For this, an individual sample was extracted from the specimen using an electric drill, dissociated with 10% hydrochloric acid solution, washed with distilled water, and sifted through a 500 mesh Tyler sieve. After laboratory processing, the sediment retained on the sieve was mixed with glycerin and examined by optical microscopy, which revealed the presence of 14 protozoan oocysts and three nematode eggs. The morphological characteristics of the oocysts (i.e., spherical shape, thick-walled, internal zygote apparently at the beginning of sporulation, as well as their size) and of the eggs (i.e., ovoidal shape, rounded ends, smooth surface, thin-shelled, embryo in their interior, along with their morphometry) suggest that these specimens belong respectively to the orders Eucoccidiorida and Strongylida (Family Ancylostomatidae) represented by several parasitic species of the alimentary tract of modern carnivore. This is the first record of paleoparasites discovered in a vertebrate host from the Touro Passo Formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F F Cardia
- UNESP, Núcleo de Evolução e Paleobiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo J Bertini
- UNESP, Núcleo de Evolução e Paleobiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucilene G Camossi
- UNESP, Núcleo de Evolução e Paleobiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Virgínia B Richini-Pereira
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Núcleo de Ciências Biomédicas, CLR II, R. Rubens Arruda, Q6, 17015-110 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora O Losnak
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Núcleo de Ciências Biomédicas, CLR II, R. Rubens Arruda, Q6, 17015-110 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Heitor Francischini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Dentzien-Dias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Laboratório de Geologia e Paleontologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, Km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Eiras J, Zhu XQ, Yurlova N, Pedrassani D, Yoshikawa M, Nawa Y. Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymidae) parasitic in mammals other than humans: A comprehensive review. Parasitol Int 2020; 81:102269. [PMID: 33340657 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the infection of mammals with the nematode Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymidae) is presented. Mammals, including man, are the definitive hosts for this parasite. Several aspects of the infection with the parasite in mammals other than humans are critically evaluated: geographical distribution, host species recorded so far and the relative importance of the different hosts, location of parasites within the host, prevalence and intensity of the infection, diagnostic methods, pathology induced by the parasites, epidemiology and the methods of control and treatment. The authors provide an updated review about the infection, based on a extensive bibliographic search worldwide, and point out the most relevant aspects of the biology of the parasite as well as several research topics which need to be explored for a better understanding of the biology of this interesting and important parasitic nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Eiras
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province 0308021, People's Republic of China
| | - Natalia Yurlova
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daniela Pedrassani
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Contestado (UnC), Rua Roberto Ehlke, 86, CEP 89460-000 Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Masahide Yoshikawa
- Department of Parasitology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yukifumi Nawa
- Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Barrios-de Pedro S, Osuna A, Buscalioni ÁD. Helminth eggs from early cretaceous faeces. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18747. [PMID: 33127992 PMCID: PMC7599231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The exceptional fossil site of Las Hoyas (upper Barremian, Cuenca, Spain) yields abundant small to medium vertebrate coprolites, hindering the search for parasites. We studied the contents of 29 coprolites that were previously classified into distinct morphotypes. Several parasitic eggs were retrieved from two of these coprolites, confirming the second record of digenea trematode eggs and nematode (ascaridid) eggs from an Early Cretaceous locality. The cylindrical coprolite containing anisakid eggs was likely produced by a crocodylomorph as the parasite host, whereas the bump-headed lace coprolite indicates the role of a fish as an intermediary or definitive host of the trematodes and ascaridids. These trace and body fossils show that the Las Hoyas 126-129 Ma lacustrine ecosystem documents the early connection between basal Gonorynchiformes fish and digenetic trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barrios-de Pedro
- Unidad de Paleontología and Centro para la Integración en Paleobiología (CIPb), Departamento de Biología, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología, Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángela D Buscalioni
- Unidad de Paleontología and Centro para la Integración en Paleobiología (CIPb), Departamento de Biología, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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