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Achatz TJ, Chermak TP, Martens JR, Woodyard ET, Rosser TG, Pulis EE, Weinstein SB, Mcallister CT, Kinsella JM, Tkach VV. Molecular phylogeny supports invalidation of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides (Digenea: Diplostomidae) and reveals a Tylodelphys from mammals. Zool J Linn Soc 2022; 196:124-136. [PMID: 36051981 PMCID: PMC9416008 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alaria, Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides are among genera of diplostomid digeneans known to parasitize mammalian definitive hosts. Despite numerous recent molecular phylogenetic studies of diplostomids, limited DNA sequence data is available from diplostomids parasitic in mammals. Herein, we provide the first 28S rDNA and cox1 mtDNA sequences from morphologically identified, adult specimens of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides. Newly generated 28S sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic interrelationships of these two genera among other major lineages of diplostomoideans. The phylogeny based on 28S and a review of morphology clearly suggests that Pharyngostomoides should be considered a junior synonym of Alaria, while Didelphodiplostomum should be considered a junior synonym of Tylodelphys. Pharyngostomoides procyonis (type species), Pharyngostomoides adenocephala and Pharyngostomoides dasyuri were transferred into Alaria as Alaria procyonis comb. nov., Alaria adenocephala comb. nov. and Alaria dasyuri comb. nov.; Didelphodiplostomum variabile (type species) and Didelphodiplostomum nunezae were transferred into Tylodelphys as Tylodelphys variabilis comb. nov. and Tylodelphys nunezae comb. nov. In addition, Alaria ovalis comb. nov. (formerly included in Pharyngostomoides) was restored and transferred into Alaria based on a morphological study of well-fixed, adult specimens and the comparison of cox1 DNA sequences among Alaria spp. The diplostomid genus Parallelorchis was restored based on review of morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, GA 31206, Georgia, USA
| | - Taylor P Chermak
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jakson R Martens
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, North Dakota, USA
| | - Ethan T Woodyard
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, Mississippi, USA
| | - Thomas G Rosser
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, Mississippi, USA
| | - Eric E Pulis
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Northern State University, Aberdeen, SD 57401, South Dakota, USA
| | - Sara B Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, Utah, USA
| | - Chris T Mcallister
- Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745, Oklahoma, USA
| | - John M Kinsella
- Helm West Laboratory, 2108 Hilda Avenue, Missoula, MT 59801, Montana, USA
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, North Dakota, USA
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Metacercariae in the brain of Erythrinus cf. erythrinus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) from Iguazú National Park (Argentina): do they belong to Dolichorchis lacombeensis (Digenea, Diplostomidae)? J Helminthol 2022; 96:e61. [PMID: 35979699 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In Argentina, the family Diplostomidae is composed of eight genera: Austrodiplostomum Szidat & Nani; Diplostomum von Nordmann; Dolichorchis Dubois; Hysteromorpha Lutz; Neodiplostomum Railliet; Posthodiplostomum Dubois; Sphincterodiplostomum Dubois; and Tylodelphys Diesing. During a parasitological survey of fishes from the Iguazú National Park we detected diplostomid metacercariae in the brain of Erythrinus cf. erythrinus. Fish were caught using crab traps, transported alive to the field laboratory, cold-anaesthetized and euthanized by cervical dissection. Some metacercariae were heat-killed in water and fixed in 10% formalin and others were preserved in alcohol 96% for DNA extraction. They were sequenced for the partial segment of the 28S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA genes. Phylogenetic reconstruction was carried out using Bayesian inference and the proportion (p) of absolute nucleotide sites (p-distance) was obtained. In the 28S rDNA tree, the metacercaria sequenced grouped as Dolichorchis sp. The COI mtDNA p-distance between the metacercariae with Dolichorchis lacombeensis was 0.01. There is a small number of ITS sequences for the Diplostomidae family deposited in the GenBank. The oral sucker, ventral sucker, holdfast organ and the distance between oral and ventral suckers are larger in the adult compared with the metacercariae. Additionally, hind-body length and width are larger in the adult due to the development of the genital complex. Further studies using an integrative approach will help confirm the affiliation of other species to the genus Dolichorchis.
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Achatz TJ, Pulis EE, Woodyard ET, Rosser TG, Martens JR, Weinstein SB, Fecchio A, McAllister CT, Carrión Bonilla C, Tkach VV. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Neodiplostomum and Fibricola (Digenea, Diplostomidae) does not support host-based systematics. Parasitology 2022; 149:542-554. [PMID: 35042575 PMCID: PMC8976946 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202100216x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fibricola and Neodiplostomum are diplostomid genera with very similar morphology that are currently separated based on their definitive hosts. Fibricola spp. are normally found in mammals, while Neodiplostomum spp. typically parasitize birds. Previously, no DNA sequence data was available for any member of Fibricola. We generated nuclear ribosomal and mtDNA sequences of Fibricola cratera (type-species), Fibricola lucidum and 6 species of Neodiplostomum. DNA sequences were used to examine phylogenetic interrelationships among Fibricola and Neodiplostomum and re-evaluate their systematics. Molecular phylogenies and morphological study suggest that Fibricola should be considered a junior synonym of Neodiplostomum. Therefore, we synonymize the two genera and transfer all members of Fibricola into Neodiplostomum. Specimens morphologically identified as Neodiplostomum cratera belonged to 3 distinct phylogenetic clades based on mitochondrial data. One of those clades also included sequences of specimens identified morphologically as Neodiplostomum lucidum. Further study is necessary to resolve the situation regarding the morphology of N. cratera. Our results demonstrated that some DNA sequences of N. americanum available in GenBank originate from misidentified Neodiplostomum banghami. Molecular phylogentic data revealed at least 2 independent host-switching events between avian and mammalian hosts in the evolutionary history of Neodiplostomum; however, the directionality of these host-switching events remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota58202, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, Georgia31206, USA
| | - Eric E. Pulis
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Northern State University, Aberdeen, South Dakota57401, USA
| | - Ethan T. Woodyard
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, USA
| | - Thomas G. Rosser
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, USA
| | - Jakson R. Martens
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota58202, USA
| | - Sara B. Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah84112, USA
| | - Alan Fecchio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso78060900, Brazil
| | - Chris T. McAllister
- Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, Oklahoma74745, USA
| | | | - Vasyl V. Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota58202, USA
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Heneberg P, Sitko J, Těšínský M. Paraphyly of Conodiplostomum Dubois, 1937. Parasitol Int 2019; 76:102033. [PMID: 31809881 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adult trematodes of the genera Conodiplostomum Dubois, 1937 and Neodiplostomum Railliet, 1919 (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) parasitize the intestines of birds of prey, owls and, rarely, passeriform birds. Although the family is taxonomically unsettled, molecular phylogenetics have not been applied to analyze Conodiplostomum and Neodiplostomum and the reference DNA sequences from adult Diplostomidae are scarce and limit studies of their indistinct larval forms. We analyze the Conodiplostomum and Neodiplostomum spp. found during the examination of Czech birds performed from 1962 to 2017, and we provide comparative measurements and host spectra, including prevalence and intensity; we also provide and analyze the sequences of four DNA loci from eight diplostomid species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested that Conodiplostomum spathula (Creplin, 1829), the type species of this genus, is nested in Neodiplostomum. Thus, we suggest the rejection of Conodiplostomum spathula (Creplin, 1829) and the resurrection of Neodiplostomum spathula (Creplin, 1829) La Rue, 1926 and reclassification of all species of Conodiplostomum with the neodiplostomulum type of metacercariae to Neodiplostomum as well. Conodiplostomum canaliculatum (Nicoll, 1914) is reclassified as Neodiplostomum spathulaeforme (Brandes, 1888). The molecular analysis suggested that Conodiplostomum perlatum (Ciurea, 1911), the species with the neascus type of metacercariae, belongs to Crassiphialinae Sudarikov, 1960. We erect the genus Ciureatrema gen. nov. Heneberg & Sitko and reclassify Conodiplostomum perlatum (Ciurea, 1911) as Ciureatrema perlatum (Ciurea, 1911) and establish it as a type species of Ciureatrema gen. nov. Further research should focus on the evolution of the neascus and neodiplostomulum types of metacercariae, as well as the evolution of the genital cone and pseudosuckers in Diplostomidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Heneberg
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiljí Sitko
- Comenius Museum, Moravian Ornithological Station, Přerov, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Těšínský
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bogan JE, Garner MM, Childress A, Wellehan JF. Larval Neodiplostomum americanum in the lung of a sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Grandón-Ojeda A, Valdebenito JO, Moreno L, Kinsella JM, Mironov S, Cicchino A, Barrientos C, González-Acuña D. Gastrointestinal and external parasitism in the Magellanic Horned Owl Bubo magellanicus (Strigiformes: Strigidae) in Chile. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2018; 27:161-168. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract To describe the parasitic community of the Magellanic Horned Owl, Bubo magellanicus (Aves, Strigiformes), 19 carcasses from central Chile were analyzed. Ectoparasites were collected through plumage inspection, while endoparasites were collected through traditional techniques of parasitological necropsy. Sixteen owls were infected with at least one species of ectoparasite (84.21%) or endoparasite (31.58%). Eleven of 19 birds (57.89%) harbored feather mites of the three species Pandalura cirrata (42.11%), Glaucalges attenuatus (47.37%), and Kramerella sp. (10.53%), whereas 16 individuals (84.21%) harbored the chewing louse Strigiphilus chilensis. Only six birds (31.58%) were infected with helminths; the nematodes Capillaria tenuissima (26.32%) and Dispharynx nasuta (5.26%); the acanthocephalan Centrorhynchus spinosus (5.26%); and the trematode Neodiplostomum sp. (5.26%). Apart from S . chilensis, all parasites comprised new records for B . magellanicus.
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