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Cheng LW, Rao S, Wang PC, Chen SC. First report of acanthocephalan parasite, Longicollum pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1935 in cultured red snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus) in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:579-593. [PMID: 35083744 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, Longicollum pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1935, an acanthocephalan parasite, has been characterized with morphological, histopathological and molecular detail in farmed red snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus) in Taiwan. The diseased fish showed clinical signs of anorexia, emaciation and were gasping for air at the water's surface. Gross examination revealed extensive necrosis in the intestine and even penetration at the site of parasitic attachment, resulting in a large number of parasites being lodged in the peritoneal cavity, surrounded by black hyperplastic connective tissue. The parasites collected from the intestine were studied using optical microscopy, histopathology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular phylogenetic analysis. They were creamy white in colour, and were separated into their proboscis, neck and metasoma (trunk) under optical microscopy. Histopathological examination revealed ovarian balls (floating ovaries) inside the ligament sac and eggs within the egg sorting apparatus. The SEM images revealed that the proboscis had 11-14 longitudinal rows with 9-12 recurrent, backward-facing, organized hooks. In the 18S and 28S phylogenetic tree, sequences of the specimens were identical to those of other Longicollum pagrosomi, in addition to the morphological features. Thus, we confirmed that the parasites belonged to Longicollum pagrosomi in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shreesha Rao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Montes MM, Arredondo NJ, Marcotegui P, Ferrari W, Solari A, Martorelli SR. New insights on Pomphorhynchus sphaericus Gil de Pertierra, Spatz et Doma, 1996 (Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchidae). Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3725-3737. [PMID: 34611724 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The finding of Pomphorhynchus sphaericus in new localities from La Plata River allowed the reevaluation of the species using a taxonomic integrative approach. The newly found specimens in Pimelodus maculatus from Samborombon Bay differ from P. sphaericus by the roots of hooks 1-6 which not form a wide sheet split into 2 apophysis, the slender, separated and equatorial testicles, the position of the cement glands, the shape of the proboscis, the shape and length of lemnisci, and the eggs size. Despite the notorious observed morphological differences, the COI mtDNA analysis confirmed that Pomphorhynchus individuals are the same conspecific, and showed that there is a high phenotypical plasticity in this species. Pomphorhynchus sphaericus is the first South American species analyzed to a DNA level (COI mtDNA, ITS, and 18S rDNA genes). The molecular analysis relates P. sphaericus to P. bulbocolli and P. purhepechus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Miguel Montes
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos Y Vectores (CEPAVE), Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 2 No. 584, 1900, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Nathalia J Arredondo
- Laboratorio de Sistemática Y Biología de Parásitos de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental Y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, 4ºpiso, Int. Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Marcotegui
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos Y Vectores (CEPAVE), Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 2 No. 584, 1900, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Walter Ferrari
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos Y Vectores (CEPAVE), Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 2 No. 584, 1900, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Agustin Solari
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET/UNAM), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Sergio Roberto Martorelli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos Y Vectores (CEPAVE), Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 2 No. 584, 1900, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
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Kaur P, Sanil NK. Morphological and molecular characterization of Neoechinorhynchus (N.) cephali n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) Stiles and Hassall 1905 infecting the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the southwest coast of India. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3123-3136. [PMID: 34410496 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) cephali n. sp., an acanthocephalan parasite infecting the intestine of the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus from the southwest coast of India. The parasite exhibited a prevalence of 7.40%, mean intensity of 18.5 and abundance of 18-19 worms/infected host. Morphologically, N. (N.) cephali n. sp. is sexually dimorphic, small, cylindrical, slightly curved and creamy white in colour. Females are larger than males, measured 8.87 × 0.88 mm and 5.65 × 0.66 mm, respectively. Proboscis is armed with three circles of six hooks each, which progressively decreases in size posteriorly. Hooks are backwardly curved and robust and tapering with a sharp, pointed tip, striations on the surface and a manubrium at its base. The body is aspinose, trunk surface with micropores and pits and proboscis surface with papilliform structures. The body wall is with five dorsal and two ventral hypodermal nuclei, along with lacunar canals connected by circular anastomoses. Lemnisci are subequal, small lemnisci are uninucleated, and large ones are binucleated. The cement gland is oval, with four giant nuclei; bursa is with many sensory cells. Eggs are elliptical, with concentric shells, and polar prolongation is absent. In the molecular and phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S ribosomal DNA region, the present species stands out with a high bootstrap value and is positioned as a sister branch of N. (N.) dimorphospinus. Based on the differences in morphology, morphometry and molecular and phylogenetic analyses, the present species of acanthocephalan infecting M. cephalus is considered as new, and the name Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) cephali n. sp. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Kaur
- , Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India.
| | - N K Sanil
- , Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
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Kaur P, Shamal P, Chandran A, Sharma SRK, Sanil NK. Characterization of Filisoma argusum n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Cavisomatidae Meyer, 1932) infecting the spotted scat, Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766) from the Indian coast. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2505-2521. [PMID: 34170388 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes Filisoma argusum n. sp. (Cavisomatidae), an acanthocephalan parasite infecting the intestine of the spotted scat, Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766), in the south-west coast of India. The prevalence is 18% (mean intensity: 1.61 and abundance: 1-4 worms/host). Filisoma argusum n. sp. is morphologically characterized by a creamy-white, cylindrical, elongate, aspinose, and robust trunk; a collar-like neck; and a cylindrical proboscis with 18-20 longitudinal rows of hooks, with 19-22 hooks/row. Proboscis receptacle long, double-walled. Lemnisci digitiform, equal, longer than proboscis receptacle. Females 79.14 ± 33.69 × 0.593 ± 0.19 mm; males 32.62 ± 2.98 × 0.46 ± 0.071 mm. Males with four cement glands; bulbous muscular copulatory bursa with six digitiform rays. SEM studies revealed smooth hooks, sensory pits, and epidermal micropores. Histopathological changes at the site of parasite attachment included inflammation, hemorrhage, sloughing of epithelium, and detachment of mucosal layer of the intestine. In molecular and phylogenetic analyses, the parasite occupied an independent position within the Cavisomatidae clade with high bootstrap values for both ITS1-5.8S and ITS2, and mt-CO1 regions. Considering the morphologic and morphometric differences with previously described species of Filisoma along with its phylogenetic positioning, the present acanthocephalan is treated as a new species and the name Filisoma argusum n. sp. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Kaur
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - P Shamal
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Archana Chandran
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - S R Krupesha Sharma
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - N K Sanil
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India.
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