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Pyziel AM, Laskowski Z, Klich D, Demiaszkiewicz AW, Kaczor S, Merta D, Kobielski J, Nowakowska J, Anusz K, Höglund J. Distribution of large lungworms (Nematoda: Dictyocaulidae) in free-roaming populations of red deer Cervus elaphus (L.) with the description of Dictyocaulus skrjabini n. sp. Parasitology 2023; 150:956-966. [PMID: 37694391 PMCID: PMC10577652 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202300080x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Lungworms of the genus Dictyocaulus are causative agents of parasitic bronchitis in domestic and wild ungulates. This study investigates the distribution, morphology and genetic diversity of D. cervi and a new lungworm species, Dictyocaulus skrjabini n. sp. infecting red deer Cervus elaphus, fallow deer Dama dama and moose Alces alces in Poland and Sweden. The study was conducted on 167 red deer from Poland and on the DNA of lungworms derived from 7 fallow deer, 4 red deer and 2 moose collected in Sweden. The prevalence of D. cervi and D. skrjabini n. sp. in dissected red deer in Poland was 31.1% and 7.2%, respectively. Moreover, D. skrjabini n. sp. was confirmed molecularly in 7 isolates of fallow deer lungworms and 1 isolate of red deer lungworms from Sweden. Dictyocaulus skrjabini n. sp. was established based on combination of their distinct molecular and morphological features; these included the length of cephalic vesicle, buccal capsule (BC), buccal capsule wall (BCW), distance from anterior extremity to the nerve ring, the width of head, oesophagus, cephalic vesicle, BC and BCW, as well as the dimensions of reproductive organs of male and female. Additionally, molecular analyses revealed 0.9% nucleotide sequence divergence for 1,605 bp SSU rDNA, and 16.5–17.3% nucleotide sequence divergence for 642 bp mitochondrial cytB between D. skrjabini n. sp. and D. cervi, respectively, and 18.7–19% between D. skrjabini n. sp. and D. eckerti, which translates into 18.2–18.7% amino acid sequence divergence between D. skrjabini n. sp. and both lungworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Pyziel
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Laskowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Klich
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Dorota Merta
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Julita Nowakowska
- Institute of Biology, University of Warsaw, Imaging Laboratory, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Johan Höglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Division of Parasitology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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DICTYOCAULUS CERVI-LIKE LUNGWORM INFECTION IN A ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK (CERVUS CANADENSIS NELSONI) FROM WYOMING, USA. J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:71-81. [PMID: 33635975 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-20-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dictyocaulus spp. infections are common in North American cervids, with Dictyocaulus viviparus described as most common. A Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) was found dead in Wyoming, US with significant bronchitis and pneumonia. In the bronchi and trachea, numerous large nematodes were found and grossly identified as Dictyocaulus spp. lungworms. Macroscopic alterations, such as distended interlobular septa and edema with foam and mucus observed on cut surface and in trachea and bronchi, were consistent with those commonly described in D. viviparus infections. Female lungworms were identified to Dictyocaulus spp. level via morphologic examination and molecular analyses based on mitochondrial cyclooxygenase 1 and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted employing the maximum likelihood method. Based on both morphologic and genetic assays, the isolated lungworms were most likely a strain of Dictyocaulus cervi. Within the female adult worms, free first stage larvae were observed besides worm eggs, which had not been described for Dictyocaulus spp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that our parasites clustered closely with D. cervi, forming a subclade with that species within a larger clade that includes Dictyocaulus eckerti. While the elk tested positive for chronic wasting disease, it is assumed that significant pathology in the present case was caused directly by infection with the D. cervi-like lungworm, not previously described in North America.
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Pyziel AM, Laskowski Z, Dolka I, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M, Nowakowska J, Klich D, Bielecki W, Żygowska M, Moazzami M, Anusz K, Höglund J. Large lungworms (Nematoda: Dictyocaulidae) recovered from the European bison may represent a new nematode subspecies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2020; 13:213-220. [PMID: 33209582 PMCID: PMC7658659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the Dictyocaulus lungworm, the agent of dictyocaulosis, is one of parasitological threats to European bison, its systematic position remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological features of the lungworm and the pathological lesions it induces, and to analyse mitochondrial (mt) genetic markers for systematic and molecular epidemiological studies. The morphological findings indicate that Dictyocaulus lungworms of European bison can be distinguished from those of cattle on the basis of differences in buccal capsule wall length, total body length, and spicules length in males, all of which were significantly longer in those of European bison. Nucleotide diversity calculated from pairwise sequence alignments of partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), cytochrome B (cytB) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) of specimens from cattle and European bison varied from 1.7% for nad5, 2.1% for cytB, to 3.7% for cox1 gene. Thus, among the lungworms of European bison and cattle, nad5 and cytB were the most conserved proteins, whereas cox1 was the most diverse. The mt cytB marker gene may be a suitable candidate for distinguishing between the two genotypes, as nad5 demonstrated the greatest within-genus sequence variation. The lung tissue of infected European bison manifests signs of verminous pneumonia characterized by interstitial pneumonia, bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Therefore, it appears that European bison and cattle are infected with slightly diverged, morphologically-different, genotypes of D. viviparus, indicating they belong to two separate worm populations. We propose, therefore, that the lungworm of European bison should be classified as D. viviparus subsp. bisontis. European bison harbour a unique morphotype and genotype of Dictyocaulus viviparus. Mt cytB is an efficient genetic marker for studying large lungworms in bovids. European bison lungworm can be classified as D. viviparus subsp. bisontis. Pathologies induced by a newly described nematode subspecies mirrored those of lungworm in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Pyziel
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Laskowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabella Dolka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Division of Animal Pathology, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Julita Nowakowska
- Institute of Biology, University of Warsaw, Laboratory of Electron & Confocal Microscopy, Miecznikowa 1, 20-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Klich
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bielecki
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Division of Avian Diseases, Exotic Animals and Fish, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Żygowska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Madeleine Moazzami
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Division of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Box 7035, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Johan Höglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Division of Parasitology, Box 7035, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Pyziel AM, Dolka I, Werszko J, Laskowski Z, Steiner-Bogdaszewska Ż, Wiśniewski J, Demiaszkiewicz AW, Anusz K. Pathological lesions in the lungs of red deer Cervus elaphus (L.) induced by a newly-described Dictyocaulus cervi (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). Vet Parasitol 2018; 261:22-26. [PMID: 30253848 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The large lungworms of the genus Dictyocaulus are causative agents of parasitic bronchitis in various ungulate hosts, including red deer. Recently, the red deer-derived lungworm D. cervi was described and separated from D. eckerti. Little is known of the transmission patterns, epidemiology, geographical distribution and pathogenicity of D. cervi. Histological examinations were performed on 22 formalin-fixed lung tissue samples of hunted red deer. Exclusively, D. cervi adults were derived from 15 red deer and confirmed molecularly (GenBank accession: MH183394). Dictyocaulus cervi infection was associated with various degrees of lung pathology, including interstitial pneumonia, bronchitis and bronchiolitis with an influx of eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages; massive hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles within bronchiolar tissue, and hyperplasia of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium. Furthermore, emphysema, atelectasis and lung tissue congestion were noted. Interestingly, interstitial and subpleural fibrosis was seen in adult Dictyocaulus-negative samples, suggesting either a prepatent phase of Dictyocaulus infection or infection/coinfection with protostrongylid nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Pyziel
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Izabella Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Werszko
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Laskowski
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jan Wiśniewski
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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