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Martin-Garcia DF, Sallam M, Garcia G, Santi-Rocca J. Parasites in Periodontal Health and Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:95-111. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Miladinović-Tasić N, Nikolić K, Arizanović K. Oral cavity protozoa relevant in the practice of dentistry. ACTA STOMATOLOGICA NAISSI 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/asn2285352m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral cavity is the colonization site of most diverse microorganisms. The homeostasis of oral microbioma is affected by numerous factors. Periodontal diseases occur as a consequence of disturbed oral microbioma homeostasis, when an inflammatory reaction occurs in the periodontal tissue. The impact of parasites on periodontal pathophysiology has not been sufficiently studied, and present and future research should hopefully answer quite a few questions concerning the issue. Aim of the paper: In the light of the present knowledge of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and epidemiology of oral cavity infections caused by Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax, the aim of the paper was review of literature which could to point to the importance of protozoa in the practice of dentistry and to possible oral cavity manifestations of parasitic infections relevant for public health. Conclusion: Dentists have an essential role in the diagnosis of oral diseases caused by oral cavity protozoa, and protozoa relevant for public health that produce systemic infections, the pathological changes of which may manifest in the oral cavity. Their identification represents a challenge and requires multidisciplinary approach for a timely diagnosis and adequate management.
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Advances in Experimental Research About Periodontitis: Lessons from the Past, Ideas for the Future. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:1-15. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yaseen A, Mahafzah A, Dababseh D, Taim D, Hamdan AA, Al-Fraihat E, Hassona Y, Şahin GÖ, Santi-Rocca J, Sallam M. Oral Colonization by Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax: A PCR-Based Study in Health, Gingivitis, and Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:782805. [PMID: 34950608 PMCID: PMC8688919 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.782805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of periodontitis remains unclear, as is the place of gingivitis in its pathophysiology. A few studies linked the colonization by oral parasites (Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax) to periodontal disease and its severity. The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of these oral parasites among healthy individuals, and in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis in Jordan. Methods The study was conducted during July 2019–December 2019. Samples were composed of saliva and periodontal material including dental plaque sampled with probes. The detection of oral parasites was done using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The total number of study participants was 237: healthy (n=94), gingivitis (n=53) and periodontitis (n=90). The prevalence of E. gingivalis was 88.9% among the periodontitis patients, 84.9% among the gingivitis patients and 47.9% in the healthy group. For T. tenax, the prevalence was 25.6% among the periodontitis patients, 5.7% among the gingivitis patients and 3.2% in the heathy group. Positivity for E. gingivalis was significantly correlated with the presence of periodontal disease compared to the healthy group with odds ratio (OR) of 6.6. Periodontal disease was also correlated with lower monthly income (OR=8.2), lack of dental care (OR=4.8), and history of diabetes mellitus (OR=4.5). Colonization by E. gingivalis was correlated with gingivitis (OR=6.1) compared to the healthy group. Colonization by E. gingivalis and T. tenax were significantly correlated with periodontitis (OR=6.4 for E. gingivalis, and OR=4.7, for T. tenax) compared to the healthy group. T. tenax was only detected among individuals with generalized periodontal disease compared to its total absence among those with localized disease (19.6% vs. 0.0%; p=0.039). The co-infection rate by the two oral parasites was 11.0%. Conclusions The higher prevalence of human oral parasites in periodontal disease compared to healthy individuals appears to be more than a mere marker for the disease and might also be associated with disease severity and potential for progression. Thus, the dogmatic view of E. gingivalis and T. tenax as commensals needs to be re-evaluated and their contribution to pathophysiology of periodontal diseases cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Yaseen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Azmi Mahafzah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Deema Dababseh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Duaa Taim
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A. Hamdan
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Esraa Al-Fraihat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazan Hassona
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Gülşen Özkaya Şahin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Malik Sallam,
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Eslahi AV, Olfatifar M, Abdoli A, Houshmand E, Johkool MG, Zarabadipour M, Abadi PA, Ghorbani A, Mirzadeh M, Badri M. The Neglected Role of Trichomonas tenax in Oral Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:715-732. [PMID: 33595770 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trichomonas tenax (T. tenax) is a commensal flagellated protozoan found in periodontal microenvironment of the oral cavity, with a possible role in periodontal diseases. The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the worldwide prevalence of T. tenax infection and to show the neglected association of this parasitic infection with oral diseases. METHODS To find literatures published until August 2020, five English databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were explored. Finally, 65 papers were qualified to be included in the current study. RESULTS Our results revealed a global pooled prevalence of 17% (95% CI 14-22%) for T. tenax infection. The highest prevalence was estimated at 56% (42-69%) in Chile, while the lowest prevalence was related to Kenya with 3% (1-6%). The age-based analysis found that the infection was most common in 46-55 mean age group with 15% (0-100%). The overall prevalence regarding culture method, molecular method and direct method was 21% (12-32%), 19% (8-35%) and 17% (12-23%), respectively. Moreover, the subgroup analysis showed the pooled prevalence in patient with candidiasis [22% (3-52%)], gingivitis [21% (9-36%)] and periodontitis [27% (10-48%)]. CONCLUSION Our study specified a connection between T. tenax protozoa and periodontitis disease. However, more epidemiological studies as well as clinical trials are needed to precisely identify this relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Vafae Eslahi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Elham Houshmand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Gilan, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghanbari Johkool
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Zarabadipour
- Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Pegah Afsaneh Abadi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Azam Ghorbani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Monirsadat Mirzadeh
- Assistant Professor Community Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute For Prevention Of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University Of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Milad Badri
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Armitage GC. A brief history of periodontics in the United States of America: Pioneers and thought-leaders of the past, and current challenges. Periodontol 2000 2019; 82:12-25. [PMID: 31850629 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes historical events in periodontology in the United States over the past 200 years. The contributions of some of the key thought-leaders of the past are highlighted. Throughout the 20th century, the evolution of thought, leading to the views currently held regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal diseases, was significantly influenced by: (1) major changes in health-care education; (2) the emergence of periodontics as a specialty of dentistry; (3) the publication of peer-reviewed journals with an emphasis on periodontology; (4) formation of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); and (5) expansion of periodontal research programs by the NIDCR. The two major future challenges facing periodontal research are development of a better understanding of the ecological complexities of host-microbial interactions in periodontal health and disease, and identification of the relevant mechanisms involved in the predictable regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Armitage
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Mesa F, Magan-Fernandez A, Castellino G, Chianetta R, Nibali L, Rizzo M. Periodontitis and mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk: Novel insights and future perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:476-484. [PMID: 30529255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues caused by the accumulation of subgingival plaque and the action of specific periodontopathogenic bacteria. Periodontitis has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and considered a cardiovascular risk factor. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, such as the infection of atherosclerotic plaques by periodontal pathogens, the pro-atherogenic effect on the lipid profile, the systemic dissemination of pro-inflammatory mediators or the contribution to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal treatment has also been related to improvement in cardiometabolic risk variables, and oral hygiene techniques may be useful in reducing cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this review is to provide new and recent insights on the relationship between periodontitis and cardiometabolic risk, focusing on recent evidence. Comments on shared potential therapeutic targets, such as the role of glucagon-like peptide 1, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mesa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Giuseppa Castellino
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Chianetta
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
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