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Florencio M, Oilveira Magalhães FR, Araujo Zuma A, Lima Oliveira Lugathe C, Rosa D, Riguete K, Machado Motta MC, Alves do Nascimento A, Reis Dos Santos Mallet J, Correa Atella G, Fampa P. Morphological analysis and lipid composition of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans salivary glands reinforce important features of feeding behaviour. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39138767 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), the stable fly, is a hematophagous insect of great veterinary importance, because it is a mechanical vector of diverse pathogens in livestock. The saliva of blood-feeding insects presents important pharmacologically active molecules that impair blood clotting, promote vasodilation and modulate the host immune system response, crucial processes for successful feeding. These properties also enable pathogens' transmission. In the present work, we describe an efficient protocol to dissect S. calcitrans salivary glands, their morphological characteristics and lipid profile. The mean length of the tubular gland is 3.23 mm with a bulbous posterior end and a narrow anterior end. Histological analysis revealed a monolayer of large polygonal epithelial cells with voluminous nuclei and high lipid content in their cytoplasm. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the epithelium is rich in mitochondria, free ribosomes, Golgi complex cisternae, presenting a great extension of rough endoplasmic reticulum that contains an electron-dense material. Lipid analysis by thin-layer chromatography showed that neutral fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine are predominant in the fly salivary glands. Lysophosphatidylcholine, an important signalling biomolecule involved in different metabolic processes, including host's immunomodulation and pathogens proliferation and differentiation, is also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Florencio
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Francisco Romulo Oilveira Magalhães
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Zuma
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Dayana Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Karina Riguete
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Machado Motta
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem - CENABIO - RJ, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Alves do Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Jacenir Reis Dos Santos Mallet
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Fiocruz-Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Universidade Iguaçu-UNIG, Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Fampa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
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Li HY, Zou Y, Elsheikha HM, Xu Y, Cai L, Xie SC, Zhu XQ, Zheng WB. Lipidomic changes in the liver of beagle dogs associated with Toxocara canis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:890589. [PMID: 36176575 PMCID: PMC9514057 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.890589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A global lipidomic analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the liver of beagle dogs infected with Toxocara canis to profile hepatic lipid species at 12 h post-infection (hpi), 24 hpi, and 36 days post-infection (dpi). This analysis identified six categories and 42 subclasses of lipids, including 173, 64, and 116 differentially abundant lipid species at 12 hpi, 24 hpi, and 36 dpi, respectively. Many of the identified lysophospholipids, such as lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylserine, and lysophosphatidylcholine, may contribute to the migration and development of T. canis during the early infection stage. Pathway analysis revealed significant alterations of several immune-inflammatory pathways, such as the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway at 12 and 24 hpi. These findings demonstrate the value of lipidomic profiling in revealing the extent of changes in the composition and abundance of hepatic lipidome caused by T. canis infection and their relevance to the pathophysiology of toxocariasis in beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Li
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hany M. Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Xu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lang Cai
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Shi-Chen Xie
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Quan Zhu, ; Wen-Bin Zheng,
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Quan Zhu, ; Wen-Bin Zheng,
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Coelho FS, Oliveira MM, Vieira DP, Torres PHM, Moreira ICF, Martins-Duarte ES, Gonçalves IC, Cabanelas A, Pascutti PG, Fragoso SP, Lopes AH. A novel receptor for platelet-activating factor and lysophosphatidylcholine in Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:890-908. [PMID: 34184334 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The lipid mediators, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), play relevant pathophysiological roles in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Several species of LPC, including C18:1 LPC, which mimics the effects of PAF, are synthesized by T. cruzi. The present study identified a receptor in T. cruzi, which was predicted to bind to PAF, and found it to be homologous to members of the progestin and adiponectin family of receptors (PAQRs). We constructed a three-dimensional model of the T. cruzi PAQR (TcPAQR) and performed molecular docking to predict the interactions of the TcPAQR model with C16:0 PAF and C18:1 LPC. We knocked out T. cruzi PAQR (TcPAQR) gene and confirmed the identity of the expressed protein through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays using an anti-human PAQR antibody. Wild-type and knockout (KO) parasites were also used to investigate the in vitro cell differentiation and interactions with peritoneal mouse macrophages; TcPAQR KO parasites were unable to react to C16:0 PAF or C18:1 LPC. Our data are highly suggestive that PAF and LPC act through TcPAQR in T. cruzi, triggering its cellular differentiation and ability to infect macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S Coelho
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio M Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro H M Torres
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabel C F Moreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erica S Martins-Duarte
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Inês C Gonçalves
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cabanelas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro G Pascutti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stenio P Fragoso
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistêmica de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angela H Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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O'Neal AJ, Butler LR, Rolandelli A, Gilk SD, Pedra JH. Lipid hijacking: a unifying theme in vector-borne diseases. eLife 2020; 9:61675. [PMID: 33118933 PMCID: PMC7595734 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne illnesses comprise a significant portion of human maladies, representing 17% of global infections. Transmission of vector-borne pathogens to mammals primarily occurs by hematophagous arthropods. It is speculated that blood may provide a unique environment that aids in the replication and pathogenesis of these microbes. Lipids and their derivatives are one component enriched in blood and are essential for microbial survival. For instance, the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, among others, have been shown to scavenge and manipulate host lipids for structural support, metabolism, replication, immune evasion, and disease severity. In this Review, we will explore the importance of lipid hijacking for the growth and persistence of these microbes in both mammalian hosts and arthropod vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya J O'Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - L Rainer Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Agustin Rolandelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Stacey D Gilk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Joao Hf Pedra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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Alsultan M, Morriss J, Contaifer D, Kumar NG, Wijesinghe DS. Host Lipid Response in Tropical Diseases. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lysophosphatidylcholine triggers cell differentiation in the protozoan parasite Herpetomonas samuelpessoai through the CK2 pathway. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:108-117. [PMID: 31755068 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protozoa are distantly related to vertebrates but present some features of higher eukaryotes, making them good model systems for studying the evolution of basic processes such as the cell cycle. Herpetomonas samuelpessoai is a trypanosomatid parasite isolated from the hemipteran insect Zelus leucogrammus. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is implicated in the transmission and establishment of Chagas disease, whose etiological agent is Trypanosoma cruzi. LPC is synthesized by T. cruzi and its vectors, the hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a phospholipid with potent and diverse physiological and pathophysiological actions, is a powerful inducer of cell differentiation in Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum and T. cruzi. The enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 2-ester bond of 3-sn-phosphoglyceride, transforming phosphatidylcholine (PC) into LPC. METHODS In this study, we evaluated cellular differentiation, PLA2 activity and protein kinase CK2 activity of H. samuelpessoai in the absence and in the presence of LPC and PAF. RESULTS We demonstrate that both PC and LPC promoted a twofold increase in the cellular differentiation of H. samuelpessoai, through CK2, with a concomitant inhibition of its cell growth. Intrinsic PLA2 most likely directs this process by converting PC into LPC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the actions of LPC on H. samuelpessoai occur upon binding to a putative PAF receptor and that the protein kinase CK2 plays a major role in this process. Cartoon depicting a model for the synthesis and functions of LPC in Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, based upon our results regarding the role of LPC on the cell biology of Trypanosoma cruzi [28-32]. N nucleus, k kinetoplast, PC phosphatidylcholine, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, PLA2 phospholipase A2, PAFR putative PAF receptor in trypanosomatids [65], CK2 protein kinase CK2 [16].
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