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KABIR MHB, KATO K. Examining the molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Eimeria species in Japan: a comprehensive review. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:563-574. [PMID: 38556324 PMCID: PMC11144535 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, animals and humans suffer from diarrheal illnesses due to protozoan parasites such as Giardia and Eimeria species. The molecular epidemiology of these parasites in Japan is summarized in this review. In humans, researchers found only one main species of Giardia, which is most referred to as G. lamblia, but it's also known by different names like G. duodenalis or G. intestinalis. However, within this species, six assemblages (A, B, C, D, E, and F) were found in animals, and assemblage B was frequently recorded in human and monkey populations, whereas assemblages A and E were predominant in calves. Assemblage A was found in sika deer and assemblages A, C, D, and F were predominant in dogs, cats, and ferret. Eimeria bovis, E. zuernii, and other species found in animals made up the group of species known as Eimeria spp., with E. bovis and E. zuernii being the most common in cattle. Our review highlighted a notable lack of data investigations regarding these two pathogens in water and environmental sources. Giardia cysts were found in the few studies that have been done on water sources, suggesting that water may play a significant role in the transmission of Giardia species. Our review suggests that further research is necessary to fully comprehend the molecular diversity and dynamics of transmission of Giardia spp. and Eimeria spp. in humans, animals, and environmental sources in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hazzaz Bin KABIR
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kentaro KATO
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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Brice B, Gao H, Berto BP, Thomas G, Elloit A, Zahedi A. Identification and genetic characterization of a novel species of Choleoeimeria Schneider, 1875 from a captive-bred bilby (Thylacomyidae; Macrotis lagotis) (Reid, 1837) in Western Australia. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10933. [PMID: 38384821 PMCID: PMC10879838 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel Eimeria sp. from a captive-bred bilby (Macrotis lagotis Reid, 1837) has been identified in Western Australia. The bilby was bred at the Kanyana Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, Perth, as part of the National Bilby Recovery Plan. Oocysts (n = 31) irregular blunt ellipsoidal, 17-18 × 11-12 (17.2 × 11.3); length/width (L/W) ratio 1.4-1.5 (1.5). Wall bi-layered, 0.8-1.0 (0.9) thick, outer layer smooth, c.2/3 of total thickness. Micropyle barely discernible. Oocyst residuum is absent, but 2-3 small polar granules are present. Sporocysts (n = 31) ovoidal, 7-8 × 5-6 (7.8 × 5.7); L/W ratio 1.3-1.4 (1.4). Stieda, sub-Stieda and para-Stieda bodies absent or indiscernible; sporocyst residuum present, usually as an irregular body consisting of numerous granules that appear to be membrane-bound or sometimes diffuse among sporozoites. Sporozoites vermiform with a robust refractile body. Further molecular characterization was conducted on the sporulated oocysts. At the 18S locus, it sat in a large clade of the phylogenetic tree with two isolates of Eimeria angustus from quendas (Isoodon obesulus Shaw, 1797) and the Choleoeimeria spp. It shared the highest identity with E. angustus (KU248093) at 98.84%; at the COI gene locus, it was unique and most closely related to Choleoeimeria taggarti, which is hosted by another species of marsupial, the yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes flavipes), with 90.58% genetic similarity. Based on morphological and molecular data, this isolate is a new species and named as Choleoeimeria yangi n. sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Brice
- Kanyana Wildlife Rehabilitation CentreLesmurdieWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Huimin Gao
- Institute of Cash CropsHebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuangChina
| | - Bruno P. Berto
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Gwyneth Thomas
- Kanyana Wildlife Rehabilitation CentreLesmurdieWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Aileen Elloit
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alireza Zahedi
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The Centre of Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Molecular identification of Eimeria species in liver and feces of naturally infected rabbits in Japan. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2733-2738. [PMID: 35900601 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the 11 species of Eimeria in rabbits, some of which are known to be pathogenic and cause enteritis, E. stiedae induces severe liver lesions resulting in elevated mortality. Unlike in other countries, the incidence and prevalence of the parasites in rabbits have not been reported in Japan. In the present study, we histopathologically analyzed hepatic coccidiosis in a rabbit and attempted several primers to genetically identify the parasites and investigated the prevalence of Eimeria species at the same farm. In the liver of the affected rabbit, we observed fibrosis and edema around multiple bile ducts and epithelial cell hyperplasia of the bile ducts. Large numbers of developing parasites of Eimeria spp., mainly oocysts, were present in the bile ducts. PCR and sequencing analyses with the published primers for Cyclospora and Eimeria spp. were used to successfully identify the parasites in the liver as E. stiedae. The oocysts of Eimeria spp. were detected in 13 out of 20 fecal samples collected from other rabbits at the farm, and five Eimeria spp. (E. perforans, E. flavescens, E. exigua, E. magna, and E. vejdovskyi) were genetically confirmed. Our results provide the first indication that Eimeria spp., including highly pathogenic species, are present in Japan and the primer set used herein can be a useful tool for the identification of rabbit Eimeria spp.
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Cai W, Suding Z, Wang L, Hou Z, Liu D, Huang S, Xu J, Tao J. A new Eimeria coccidian species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866) in Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province, eastern China. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:213. [PMID: 35655211 PMCID: PMC9164372 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eimeria coccidiosis is a significant intestinal parasitic disease, which can lead to weight loss, disease and even death of many animals. At present, there is no information about the prevalence of Eimeria among the world’s endangered species of Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify an unknown Eimeria genus in the Père David’s deer in Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve, China. Results A new Eimeria species is described from Père David’s deer. Sporulated oocysts (n = 54) are pyriform, with a rough, yellowish brown, 2-layered oocyst wall (2.5 μm thick). A numerous small granules are dispersed randomly on the wall. Oocysts measured 41.2 (39.2–42.8) μm × 29.5 (27.9–30.5) μm, oocyst length/width (L/W) ratio, 1.4. Oocyst residuum, a polar granule and a polar cap are absent. The micropyle (3.5 μm wide) is present. Sporocysts are spindle shaped, 18.2 (16.5–20.0) μm × 10.5 (9.8–11.9) μm, sporocyst L/W ratio, 1.7 (1.5–1.9). A thin convex Stieda body is present and the sporocyst residuum is composed of numerous small granules less than 2.0 μm in diameter dispersed randomly. Each sporocyst contained 2 comma-shaped sporozoites in head-to-tail arrangement. A nucleus is located immediately anterior to the posterior, strong refractive and subspherical refractile body (~ 8 μm). Molecular analysis was conducted at the 18S, ITS-1 and COI loci. Conclusion Based on the morphological and molecular data, this isolate is a new species of coccidian parasite, which is named Eimeria davidianusi after its host, the Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03308-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zeyang Suding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Lele Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhaofeng Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Siyang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jinjun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianping Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Matsubayashi M, Takami K, Kinoshita M, Tsuchida S, Ushida K, Shibahara T, Sasai K. Morphological and molecular identification of Eimeria tetartooimia oocysts from a Japanese green pheasant (Galliformes; Phasianidae; Phasianus versicolor) at a zoo in Japan. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2973-2979. [PMID: 34236530 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We detected Eimeria oocysts from Japanese green pheasants (Phasianus versicolor) at a zoo in Osaka, Japan. The oocyst isolates were subspherical or ovoidal shaped and measured 17.2 (range 14.7-20.0) μm in length and 14.8 (13.3-16.7) μm in width with a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.2 (1.0-1.4) and each had one polar granule. The oocysts lacked a residuum and micropyle. Sporocysts measured 9.8 (6.7-13.3) μm in length and 5.9 (4.7-7.3) μm in width, with a L/W ratio of 1.2 (1.1-1.4). Compared to previously published values, this strain shows morphological similarities with an isolate of E. teetartooimia from ring-necked pheasants from other countries. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes places the isolate in a clade related to chicken Eimeria spp., such as E. acervulina or E. brunetti. Although further analysis is needed, this information can be helpful for the diagnosis and determination of virulence of Eimeria spp. in pheasants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsubayashi
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan. .,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia. .,Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Kazutoshi Takami
- Osaka Municipal Tennoji Zoological Gardens, Osaka, Osaka, 543-0063, Japan.,Toyohashi Zoo and Botanical Park, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-3147, Japan
| | - Moemi Kinoshita
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.,Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
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Ekawasti F, Kitagawa K, Domae H, Wardhana AH, Nagasawa J, Shibahara T, Tokoro M, Sasai K, Matsubayashi M. Phylogenetic characterization of Isospora jaracimrmani oocysts from a veiled chameleon (family Chamaeleonidae; Chamaeleo calyptratus) reared at a zoo in Ishikawa, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1240-1243. [PMID: 34135210 PMCID: PMC8437735 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocysts of Isospora sp. were detected in the feces of a veiled chameleon
(family Chamaeleonidae; Chamaeleo calyptratus) kept at a zoo in Ishikawa,
Japan. Phylogenetic analysis placed the sequence in the cluster of
Isospora spp. isolated from reptiles. Based on a comparison of
morphological data of ten previously reported Isospora species from the
Chamaeleonidae family, this isolate was morphologically similar to I.
jaracimrmani, which has been considered to be a virulent species. This case
study suggests the possibility that species of Isospora might not always
cause disease because the animal that shed these oocysts showed no symptoms for more than
two months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitrine Ekawasti
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor 16114, Indonesia.,Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | | | | | - April Hari Wardhana
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor 16114, Indonesia.,Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Junki Nagasawa
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tokoro
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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