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Kelava S, Apanaskevich DA, Shao R, Gofton AW, Mans BJ, Teo EJM, Norval G, Barker D, Nakao R, Barker SC. Insights from entire mitochondrial genome sequences into the phylogeny of ticks of the genera Haemaphysalis and Archaeocroton with the elevation of the subgenus Alloceraea Schulze, 1919 back to the status of a genus. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 38:189-204. [PMID: 38469668 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
We used entire mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences (14.5-15 kbp) to resolve the phylogeny of the four main lineages of the Haematobothrion ticks: Alloceraea, Archaeocroton, Bothriocroton and Haemaphysalis. In our phylogenetic trees, Alloceraea was the sister to Archaeocroton sphenodonti, a tick of an archetypal reptile, the tuatara, from New Zealand, to the exclusion of the rest of the species of Haemaphysalis. The mt genomes of all four of the Alloceraea species that have been sequenced so far had a substantial insert, 132-312 bp, between the tRNA-Glu (E) gene and the nad1 gene in their mt genomes. This insert was not found in any of the other eight subgenera of Haemaphysalis. The mt genomes of 13 species of Haemaphysalis from NCBI GenBank were added to the most recent data set on Haemaphysalis and its close relatives to help resolve the phylogeny of Haemaphysalis, including five new subgenera of Haemaphysalis not previously considered by other authors: Allophysalis (structurally primitive), Aboimisalis (structurally primitive), Herpetobia (structurally intermediate), Ornithophysalis (structurally advanced) and Segalia (structurally advanced). We elevated Alloceraea Schulze, 1919 to the status of genus because Alloceraea Schulze, 1919 is phylogenetically distinct from the other subgenera of Haemaphysalis. Moreover, we propose that the subgenus Allophysalis is the sister to the rest of the Haemaphysalis (14 subgenera) and that the 'structurally primitive' subgenera Hoogstraal and Kim comprise early diverging lineages. Our matrices of the pairwise genetic difference (percent) of mt genomes and partial 16S rRNA sequences indicated that the mt genome sequence of Al. kitaokai (gb# OM368280) may not be Al. kitaokai Hoogstraal, 1969 but rather another species of Alloceraea. In a similar way, the mt genome sequence of H. (Herpetobia) nepalensis Hoogstraal, 1962 (gb# NC_064124) was only 2% genetically different to that of H. (Allophysalis) tibetensis Hoogstraal, 1965 (gb# OM368293): this indicates to us that they are the same species. Alloceraea cretacea may be better placed in a genus other than Alloceraea Schulze, 1919. Reptiles may have been the host to the most recent common ancestor of Archaeocroton and Alloceraea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kelava
- Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dmitry A Apanaskevich
- Institute for Coastal Sciences, US National Tick Collection, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - Renfu Shao
- Centre for Bioinnovation, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander W Gofton
- Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ben J Mans
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- The Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Ernest J M Teo
- Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerrut Norval
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dayana Barker
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Stephen C Barker
- Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Tang S, Zhang X, Du C, Jiang D, Yang X. The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and its phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2024; 9:551-556. [PMID: 38686316 PMCID: PMC11057557 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2345136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted an analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, a tick species known for transmitting various bacteria and viruses. The mitochondrial genome of R. haemaphysaloides has a length of 14,739 bp and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 2 control regions. By utilizing the maximum likelihood method, we established the phylogenetic relationship among R. haemaphysaloides and other species within the Rhipicephalus genus of the Ixodidae family. This analysis revealed that R. haemaphysaloides and other Rhipicephalus species belong to the same clade, further affirming the taxonomic placement of R. haemaphysaloides within the Rhipicephalus genus. Furthermore, we compared the mitochondrial genomes of R. haemaphysaloides isolates from Changning, Yunnan Province, China, with isolates from Yangxin, Ganzhou, and Yingtan, Hubei Province, China. In summary, our investigation offers genetic proof endorsing the taxonomic categorization and phylogenetic placement of Ixodidae by assessing the entire mitochondrial genome of R. haemaphysaloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Tang
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Du
- Yunan Institute of Eudemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, P.R. China
| | - Xing Yang
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, P.R. China
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Zhang C, Zhang S, Tian Z, Wang Y, Xu S, Wang D. Comprehensive Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationship and Optimal Codons in Mitochondrial Genomes of the Genus Pseudogastromyzon. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:495. [PMID: 38338138 PMCID: PMC10854560 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As indicator organisms for water pollution detection, Pseudogasteromyzon species play a vital role in aquatic environment monitoring. We have successfully sequenced the mitogenomes of P. fasciatus jiulongjiangensis and P. myersi and downloaded the mitogenomes of nine other Pseudogastromyzon fish on GenBank to conduct a detailed comparative analysis of their phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history. The findings revealed a conservation in both gene composition and gene order. Except for the trnS1 gene lacking dihydrouracil arms, the other 21 tRNAs showed the typical clover-leaf secondary structure. According to the ΔRSCU method, we identified the seven most abundant optimal codons: CUA, GUA, CCA, CAA, GAA, AGC, and GGC. The construction of maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayes trees yielded congruent topologies, and the 11 Pseudogastromyzon species were clustered into two major clusters. Among them, one of which was composed of P. fangi, P. changtingensis changtingensis, and P. changtingensis tungpeiensis, while the remaining eight species formed another cluster, further subdivided into five smaller clusters. Distinct clusters formed between P. fasciatus jiulongjiangensis and P. meihuashanensis, P. cheni and P. peristictus, and P. laticeps and P. lianjiangensis, and the remaining two species were clustered separately, thereby enhancing our understanding of them. Furthermore, our analysis results of divergence times revealed that these 11 Pseudogasteromyzon species underwent rapid differentiation in the Pleistocene epochs. Overall, our study sheds light on the phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary history of Pseudogasteromyzon species, providing a necessary knowledge foundation for further understanding the intricacies of an ecosystem health assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.Z.)
- National Engineering Research Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.Z.)
| | - Zhe Tian
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.Z.)
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.Z.)
| | - Shanliang Xu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.Z.)
- National Engineering Research Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Danli Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (C.Z.)
- National Engineering Research Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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