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Maekawa Y, Matsui K, Okamoto K, Shimasaki T, Ohtsuka H, Tani M, Ihara K, Aiba H. Identification of plb1 mutation that extends longevity via activating Sty1 MAPK in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:20. [PMID: 38424265 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
To understand the lifespan of higher organisms, including humans, it is important to understand lifespan at the cellular level as a prerequisite. So, fission yeast is a good model organism for the study of lifespan. To identify the novel factors involved in longevity, we are conducting a large-scale screening of long-lived mutant strains that extend chronological lifespan (cell survival in the stationary phase) using fission yeast. One of the newly acquired long-lived mutant strains (No.98 mutant) was selected for analysis and found that the long-lived phenotype was due to a missense mutation (92Phe → Ile) in the plb1+ gene. plb1+ gene in fission yeast is a nonessential gene encoding a homolog of phospholipase B, but its functions under normal growth conditions, as well as phospholipase B activity, remain unresolved. Our analysis of the No.98 mutant revealed that the plb1 mutation reduces the integrity of the cellular membrane and cell wall and activates Sty1 via phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukichi Maekawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsui
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kunio Ihara
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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2
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Maruyama T, Hayashi K, Matsui K, Maekawa Y, Shimasaki T, Ohtsuka H, Shigeaki S, Aiba H. Characterization of hexose transporter genes in the views of the chronological life span and glucose uptake in fission yeast. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2023; 68:270-277. [PMID: 35781263 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, possesses eight hexose transporters, Ght1~8. In order to clarify the role of each hexose transporter on glucose uptake, a glucose uptake assay system was established and the actual glucose uptake activity of each hexose transporter-deletion mutant was measured. Under normal growth condition containing 2% glucose, ∆ght5 and ∆ght2 mutants showed large and small decrease in glucose uptake activity, respectively. On the other hand, the other deletion mutants did not show any decrease in glucose uptake activity indicating that, in the presence of Ght5 and Ght2, the other hexose transporters do not play a significant role in glucose uptake. To understand the relevance between glucose uptake and lifespan regulation, we measured the chronological lifespan of each hexose transporter deletion mutant, and found that only ∆ght5 mutant showed a significant lifespan extension. Based on these results we showed that Ght5 is mainly involved in the glucose uptake in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and suggested that the ∆ght5 mutant has prolonged lifespan due to physiological changes similar to calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Maruyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Kanako Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Kotaro Matsui
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Yasukichi Maekawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
| | | | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
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3
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Garaiova M, Hua Q, Holic R. Heterologous Production of Calendic Acid Naturally Found in Calendula officinalis by Recombinant Fission Yeast. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3842-3851. [PMID: 36795330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Calendic acid (CA) is a conjugated fatty acid with anti-cancer properties that is widely present in seed oil of Calendula officinalis. Using the co-expression of C. officinalis fatty acid conjugases (CoFADX-1 or CoFADX-2) and Punica granatum fatty acid desaturase (PgFAD2), we metabolically engineered the synthesis of CA in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe without the need for linoleic acid (LA) supplementation. The highest CA titer and achieved accumulation were 4.4 mg/L and 3.7 mg/g of DCW in PgFAD2 + CoFADX-2 recombinant strain cultivated at 16 °C for 72 h, respectively. Further analyses revealed the accumulation of CA in free fatty acids (FFA) and downregulation of the lcf1 gene encoding long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. The developed recombinant yeast system represents an important tool for the future identification of the essential components of the channeling machinery to produce CA as a high-value conjugated fatty acid at an industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Garaiova
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 84005, Slovakia
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Roman Holic
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 84005, Slovakia
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4
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Matsui K, Okamoto K, Hasegawa T, Ohtsuka H, Shimasaki T, Ihara K, Goto Y, Aoki K, Aiba H. Identification of ksg1 mutation showing long-lived phenotype in fission yeast. Genes Cells 2021; 26:967-978. [PMID: 34534388 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fission yeast is a good model organism for the study of lifespan. To elucidate the mechanism, we screened for long-lived mutants. We found a nonsense mutation in the ksg1+ gene, which encodes an ortholog of mammalian PDK1 (phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase). The mutation was in the PH domain of Ksg1 and caused defect in membrane localization and protein stability. Analysis of the ksg1 mutant revealed that the reduced amounts and/or activity of the Ksg1 protein are responsible for the increased lifespan. Ksg1 is essential for growth and known to phosphorylate multiple substrates, but the substrate responsible for the long-lived phenotype of ksg1 mutation is not yet known. Genetic analysis showed that deletion of pck2 suppressed the long-lived phenotype of ksg1 mutant, suggesting that Pck2 might be involved in the lifespan extension caused by ksg1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Matsui
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunio Ihara
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuhei Goto
- Division of Quantitative Biology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Division of Quantitative Biology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Kurauchi T, Matsui K, Shimasaki T, Ohtsuka H, Tsubouchi S, Ihara K, Tani M, Aiba H. Identification of sur2 mutation affecting the lifespan of fission yeast. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6296417. [PMID: 34114004 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast is a suitable model system to analyze the mechanism of lifespan. In this study, to identify novel factors involved in chronological lifespan, we isolated a mutant with a long chronological lifespan and found a missense mutation in the sur2+ gene, which encodes a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae sphingolipid C4-hydroxylase in fission yeast. Characterization of the mutant revealed that loss of sur2 function resulted in an extended chronological lifespan. The effect of caloric restriction, a well-known signal for extending lifespan, is thought to be dependent on the sur2+ gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Kurauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsui
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsubouchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kunio Ihara
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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6
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Ohtsuka H, Shimasaki T, Aiba H. Extension of chronological lifespan in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genes Cells 2021; 26:459-473. [PMID: 33977597 PMCID: PMC9290682 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are several examples in the nature wherein the mechanism of longevity control of unicellular organisms is evolutionarily conserved with that of higher multicellular organisms. The present microreview focuses on aging and longevity studies, particularly on chronological lifespan (CLS) concerning the unicellular eukaryotic fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In S. pombe, >30 compounds, 8 types of nutrient restriction, and >80 genes that extend CLS have been reported. Several CLS control mechanisms are known to be involved in nutritional response, energy utilization, stress responses, translation, autophagy, and sexual differentiation. In unicellular organisms, the control of CLS is directly linked to the mechanism by which cells are maintained in limited‐resource environments, and their genetic information is left to posterity. We believe that this important mechanism may have been preserved as a lifespan control mechanism for higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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7
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Ohtsuka H, Shimasaki T, Aiba H. Genes affecting the extension of chronological lifespan in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast). Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:623-642. [PMID: 33064911 PMCID: PMC8246873 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
So far, more than 70 genes involved in the chronological lifespan (CLS) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) have been reported. In this mini‐review, we arrange and summarize these genes based on the reported genetic interactions between them and the physical interactions between their products. We describe the signal transduction pathways that affect CLS in S. pombe: target of rapamycin complex 1, cAMP‐dependent protein kinase, Sty1, and Pmk1 pathways have important functions in the regulation of CLS extension. Furthermore, the Php transcription complex, Ecl1 family proteins, cyclin Clg1, and the cyclin‐dependent kinase Pef1 are important for the regulation of CLS extension in S. pombe. Most of the known genes involved in CLS extension are related to these pathways and genes. In this review, we focus on the individual genes regulating CLS extension in S. pombe and discuss the interactions among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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8
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Holič R, Pokorná L, Griač P. Metabolism of phospholipids in the yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 2019; 37:73-92. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Holič
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Lucia Pokorná
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Griač
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava Slovakia
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Ecl1 is a zinc-binding protein involved in the zinc-limitation-dependent extension of chronological life span in fission yeast. Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:475-481. [PMID: 28160081 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Ecl1-family genes (ecl1 +, ecl2 +, and ecl3 +) results in the extension of the chronological life span in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. However, the mechanism for this extension has not been defined clearly. Ecl1-family proteins consist of approximately 80 amino acids, and four cysteine residues are conserved in their N-terminal domains. This study focused on the Ecl1 protein, mutating its cysteine residues sequentially to confirm their importance. As a result, all mutated Ecl1 proteins nearly lost the function to extend the chronological life span, suggesting that these four cysteine residues are essential for the Ecl1 protein. Utilizing ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) analysis, we found that wild-type Ecl1 proteins contain zinc, while cysteine-mutated Ecl1 proteins do not. We also analyzed the effect of environmental zinc on the chronological life span. We found that zinc limitation extends the chronological life span, and this extension depends on the Ecl1-family proteins.
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Nguyen TTT, Lim JSL, Tang RMY, Zhang L, Chen ES. Fitness profiling links topoisomerase II regulation of centromeric integrity to doxorubicin resistance in fission yeast. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8400. [PMID: 25669599 PMCID: PMC4323662 DOI: 10.1038/srep08400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent, inhibits the religation step of topoisomerase II (Top2). However, the downstream ramifications of this action are unknown. Here we performed epistasis analyses of top2 with 63 genes representing doxorubicin resistance (DXR) genes in fission yeast and revealed a subset that synergistically collaborate with Top2 to confer DXR. Our findings show that the chromatin-regulating RSC and SAGA complexes act with Top2 in a cluster that is functionally distinct from the Ino80 complex. In various DXR mutants, doxorubicin hypersensitivity was unexpectedly suppressed by a concomitant top2 mutation. Several DXR proteins showed centromeric localization, and their disruption resulted in centromeric defects and chromosome missegregation. An additional top2 mutation could restore centromeric chromatin integrity, suggesting a counterbalance between Top2 and these DXR factors in conferring doxorubicin resistance. Overall, this molecular basis for mitotic catastrophe associated with doxorubicin treatment will help to facilitate drug combinatorial usage in doxorubicin-related chemotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Trang Nguyen
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597 [2] National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Julia Sze Lynn Lim
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597 [2] National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Richard Ming Yi Tang
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597 [2] National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Louxin Zhang
- 1] NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering [2] Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119076
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597 [2] National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore [3] Synthetic Biology Research Consortium, National University of Singapore [4] NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering
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Naito C, Ito H, Oshiro T, Ohtsuka H, Murakami H, Aiba H. A new pma1 mutation identified in a chronologically long-lived fission yeast mutant. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:829-33. [PMID: 25379379 PMCID: PMC4219986 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated a chronologically long-lived mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and found a new mutation in pma1 (+) that encoded for an essential P-type proton ATPase. An Asp-138 to Asn mutation resulted in reduced Pma1 activity, concomitant with an increase in the chronological lifespan of this fission yeast. This study corroborates our previous report indicating Pma1 activity is crucial for the determination of life span of fission yeast, and offers information for better understanding of the enzyme, Pma1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Naito
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oshiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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12
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Enhancement of free fatty acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by control of fatty acyl-CoA metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6739-50. [PMID: 24769906 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Production of biofuels derived from microbial fatty acids has attracted great attention in recent years owing to their potential to replace petroleum-derived fuels. To be cost competitive with current petroleum fuel, flux toward the direct precursor fatty acids needs to be enhanced to approach high yields. Herein, fatty acyl-CoA metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered to accumulate more free fatty acids (FFA). For this purpose, firstly, haploid S. cerevisiae double deletion strain △faa1△faa4 was constructed, in which the genes FAA1 and FAA4 encoding two acyl-CoA synthetases were deleted. Then the truncated version of acyl-CoA thioesterase ACOT5 (Acot5s) encoding Mus musculus peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase 5 was expressed in the cytoplasm of the strain △faa1△faa4. The resulting strain △faa1△faa4 [Acot5s] accumulated more extracellular FFA with higher unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) ratio as compared to the wild-type strain and double deletion strain △faa1△faa4. The extracellular total fatty acids (TFA) in the strain △faa1△faa4 [Acot5s] increased to 6.43-fold as compared to the wild-type strain during the stationary phase. UFA accounted for 42 % of TFA in the strain △faa1△faa4 [Acot5s], while no UFA was detected in the wild-type strain. In addition, the expression of Acot5s in △faa1△faa4 restored the growth, which indicates that FFA may not be the reason for growth inhibition in the strain △faa1△faa4. RT-PCR results demonstrated that the de-repression of fatty acid synthesis genes led to the increase of extracellular fatty acids. The study presented here showed that through control of the acyl-CoA metabolism by deleting acyl-CoA synthetase and expressing thioesterase, more FFA could be produced in S. cerevisiae, demonstrating great potential for exploitation in the platform of microbial fatty acid-derived biofuels.
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Lin SJ, Austriaco N. Aging and cell death in the other yeasts, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:119-35. [PMID: 24205865 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How do cells age and die? For the past 20 years, the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used as a model organism to uncover the genes that regulate lifespan and cell death. More recently, investigators have begun to interrogate the other yeasts, the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and the human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, to determine if similar longevity and cell death pathways exist in these organisms. After summarizing the longevity and cell death phenotypes in S. cerevisiae, this mini-review surveys the progress made in the study of both aging and programed cell death (PCD) in the yeast models, with a focus on the biology of S. pombe and C. albicans. Particular emphasis is placed on the similarities and differences between the two types of aging, replicative aging, and chronological aging, and between the three types of cell death, intrinsic apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and regulated necrosis, found in these yeasts. The development of the additional microbial models for aging and PCD in the other yeasts may help further elucidate the mechanisms of longevity and cell death regulation in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ju Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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14
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Ohtsuka H, Azuma K, Kubota S, Murakami H, Giga-Hama Y, Tohda H, Aiba H. Chronological lifespan extension by Ecl1 family proteins depends on Prr1 response regulator in fission yeast. Genes Cells 2013; 17:39-52. [PMID: 22212525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2011.01571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ecl1+, ecl2+ and ecl3+ genes encode highly homologous small proteins, and their over-expressions confer both H2O2 stress resistance and chronological lifespan extension on Schizosaccharomyces pombe. However, the mechanisms of how these Ecl1 family proteins function have not been elucidated. In this study, we conducted microarray analysis and identified that the expression of genes involved in sexual development and stress responses was affected by the over-expression of Ecl1 family proteins. In agreement with the mRNA expression profile, the cells over-expressing Ecl1 family proteins showed high mating efficiency and resistant phenotype to H2O2. We showed that the H2O2-resistant phenotype depends on catalase Ctt1, and over-expression of ctt1+ does not affect chronological lifespan. Furthermore, we showed that six genes, ste11+, spk1+, hsr1+, rsv2+, hsp9+ and lsd90+, whose expressions are increased in cells over-expressing Ecl1 family proteins are involved in chronological lifespan in fission yeast. Among these genes, the induction of ste11+ and hsr1+ was dependent on a transcription factor Prr1, and we showed that the extensions of chronological lifespan by Ecl1 family proteins are remarkably diminished in prr1 deletion mutant. From these results, we propose that Ecl1-family proteins conduct H2O2 stress resistance and chronological lifespan extension in ctt1+- and prr1+-dependent manner, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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15
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Ohtsuka H, Azuma K, Murakami H, Aiba H. hsf1 (+) extends chronological lifespan through Ecl1 family genes in fission yeast. Mol Genet Genomics 2010; 285:67-77. [PMID: 21072667 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-010-0588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock factor (HSF), a protein evolutionarily conserved from yeasts to human, regulates the expression of a set of proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs), many of which function as molecular chaperones. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the HSF binds to the 5' upstream region of YGR146C and activates its transcription. YGR146C encodes a functional homolog of ecl1 (+), ecl2 (+), and ecl3 (+) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. At present, these Ecl1 family genes, which are extenders of chronological lifespan, have been identified only in fungi groups. Based on ChIP analysis, we identified that Hsf1 binds to the upstream DNA region of ecl2 (+) after heat shock in S. pombe. In Caenorhabditis elegans, heat shock factor HSF-1 is known to regulate aging and required for the elongation of longevity by dietary restriction. We found that heat shock factor Hsf1 extends chronological lifespan of S. pombe when overexpressed. Moreover, we show that the extension of chronological lifespan by the overproduction of Hsf1 mainly depends on ecl2 (+) among Ecl1 family genes. From these results, we suggest that HSF is a conserved regulator of lifespan, at least in yeast and nematode, and Ecl1 family genes such as YGR146C and ecl2 (+) are the direct targets of Hsf1 and mediate lifespan extension by Hsf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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16
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Ito H, Oshiro T, Fujita Y, Kubota S, Naito C, Ohtsuka H, Murakami H, Aiba H. Pma1, a P-type proton ATPase, is a determinant of chronological life span in fission yeast. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:34616-20. [PMID: 20829365 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.175562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronological life span is defined by how long a cell can survive in a non-dividing state. In yeast, it is measured by viability after entry into stationary phase. To date, some factors affecting chronological life span have been identified; however, the molecular details of how these factors regulate chronological life span have not yet been elucidated clearly. Because life span is a complicated phenomenon and is supposedly regulated by many factors, it is necessary to identify new factors affecting chronological life span to understand life span regulation. To this end, we have screened for long-lived mutants and identified Pma1, an essential P-type proton ATPase, as one of the determinants of chronological life span. We show that partial loss of Pma1 activity not only by mutations but also by treatment with the Pma1 inhibitory chemical vanadate resulted in the long-lived phenotype in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These findings suggest a novel way to manipulate chronological life span by modulating Pma1 as a molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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17
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Roux AE, Chartrand P, Ferbeyre G, Rokeach LA. Fission yeast and other yeasts as emergent models to unravel cellular aging in eukaryotes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 65:1-8. [PMID: 19875745 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past years, simple organisms such as yeasts and worms have contributed a great deal to aging research. Studies pioneered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were useful to elucidate a significant number of molecular mechanisms underlying cellular aging and to discover novel longevity genes. Importantly, these genes proved many times to be conserved in multicellular eukaryotes. Consequently, such discovery approaches are being extended to other yeast models, such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans, Kluyveromyces lactis, and Cryptococcus neoformans. In fission yeast, researchers have found links between asymmetrical cell division and nutrient signaling pathways with aging. In this review, we discuss the state of knowledge on the mechanisms controlling both replicative and chronological aging in S pombe and the other emergent yeast models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine E Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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18
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Identification of Ecl family genes that extend chronological lifespan in fission yeast. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009; 73:885-9. [PMID: 19352039 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In fission yeast, we identified two genes, named ecl2+ and ecl3+, that are paralogous to ecl1+, which extends the chronological lifespan. Both ecl2+ and ecl3+ extend the chronological lifespan when overexpressed as ecl1+. ecl2+ and ecl3+ encode 84- and 89-amino acid polypeptides respectively that are not annotated in the current database. The Ecl2 protein is localized mainly in the nucleus, as Ecl1. These results suggest that ecl1+, ecl2+, and ecl3+ have overlapping functions in the regulation of chronological lifespan.
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19
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Ohtsuka H, Mita S, Ogawa Y, Azuma K, Ito H, Aiba H. A novel gene, ecl1(+), extends the chronological lifespan in fission yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2008; 8:520-30. [PMID: 18422613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a novel gene from Schizosaccharomyces pombe that we have named ecl1(+) (extender of the chronological lifespan). When ecl1(+) is provided on a high-copy number plasmid, it extends the viability of both the Deltasty1 MAP kinase mutant and the wild-type cells after entry into the stationary phase. ecl1(+) encodes an 80-amino acid polypeptide that had not been annotated in the current database. The ecl1(+)-mRNA increases transiently when the growth phase is changed from the log phase to the stationary phase. The Ecl1 protein is localized in the nucleus. Calorie restriction extends the chronological lifespan of wild-type and Deltaecl1 cells but not ecl1(+)-overproducing cells. The Deltapka1 mutant shows little, if any, additional extension of viability when Ecl1 is overproduced. The ste11(+) gene that is negatively controlled by Pka1 is up regulated when Ecl1 is overproduced. From these results we propose that the effect of Ecl1 overproduction may be mainly linked to and negatively affects the Pka1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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20
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Identification of a fatty acyl-CoA synthetase gene, lcf2+, which affects viability after entry into the stationary phase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:3041-7. [PMID: 18071249 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The lcf1(+) gene, which encodes a long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase, is necessary for the maintenance of viability after entry into the stationary phase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In this study, we analyzed a paralogous gene, SPBP4H10.11c (named lcf2(+)), and we present evidence that the gene encodes a new fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. The enzyme preferentially recognized myristic acid as a substrate. A Deltalcf2 mutant showed increased viability after entry into the stationary phase in SD medium. A Deltalcf1Deltalcf2 double mutant showed a severe decrease in long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity and a rapid loss of viability after entry into the stationary phase. These results suggest that fatty acid utilization and/or metabolism is important to determine viability in the stationary phase.
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Prasitchoke P, Kaneko Y, Bamba T, Fukusaki EI, Kobayashi A, Harashima S. The essential fatty acid myristate causes severe growth retardation in Hpelo disruptants of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Arch Microbiol 2007; 189:297-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-007-0317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Prasitchoke P, Kaneko Y, Sugiyama M, Bamba T, Fukusaki E, Kobayashi A, Harashima S. Functional analysis of very long-chain fatty acid elongase gene, HpELO2, in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:417-27. [PMID: 17520249 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe the cloning and functional characterization of the fatty acid elongase gene HpELO2, a homologue of the HpELO1 gene required for the production of C24:0 in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. The open reading frame (ORF) of HpELO2 consists of 1,035 bp, encoding 344 amino acids, sharing about 65% identity with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Elo2. Expression of HpELO2 rescued the lethality of the S. cerevisiae elo2Delta elo3Delta double disruptant. An accumulation of C18:0 and a significant increase and decrease in the levels of C24:0 and C26:0, respectively, were observed in the Hpelo2Delta disruptant. These results supported an idea that HpELO2 encodes a fatty acid elongase involved in the elongation of C18:0 to very long-chain fatty acids. The Hpelo1Delta Hpelo2Delta double disruption was nonviable, suggesting that HpELO1 and HpELO2 are the only two genes necessary for the biosynthesis in H. polymorpha. Interestingly, transcription of HpELO2 and HpELO1 were found to be transiently up-regulated by exogenous long-chain fatty acids; however, this up-regulation was not observed with HpELO1 and HpELO2 genes driven by the constitutively expressed promoter of the HpACT gene, suggesting that exogenous fatty acids specifically trigger the transcriptional induction of HpELO1 and HpELO2 through their promoter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatthanon Prasitchoke
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Black PN, DiRusso CC. Yeast acyl-CoA synthetases at the crossroads of fatty acid metabolism and regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2006; 1771:286-98. [PMID: 16798075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the thioesterification of fatty acids with coenzymeA to form activated intermediates, which play a fundamental role in lipid metabolism and homeostasis of lipid-related processes. The products of the ACS enzyme reaction, acyl-CoAs, are required for complex lipid synthesis, energy production via beta-oxidation, protein acylation and fatty-acid dependent transcriptional regulation. ACS enzymes are also necessary for fatty acid import into cells by the process of vectorial acylation. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has four long chain ACS enzymes designated Faa1p through Faa4p, one very long chain ACS named Fat1p and one ACS, Fat2p, for which substrate specificity has not been defined. Pivotal roles have been defined for Faa1p and Faa4p in fatty acid import, beta-oxidation and transcriptional control mediated by the transcription factors Oaf1p/Pip2p and Mga2p/Spt23p. Fat1p is a bifunctional protein required for fatty acid transport of long chain fatty acids, as well as activation of very long chain fatty acids. This review focuses on the various roles yeast ACS enzymes play in cellular metabolism targeting especially the functions of specific isoforms in fatty acid transport, metabolism and energy production. We will also present evidence from directed experimentation, as well as information obtained by mining the molecular biological databases suggesting the long chain ACS enzymes are required in protein acylation, vesicular trafficking, signal transduction pathways and cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Black
- Center for Metabolic Disease, Ordway Research Institute and Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, 150 New Scotland Ave., Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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