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Ohtsuka H, Shimasaki T, Aiba H. Low-Molecular Weight Compounds that Extend the Chronological Lifespan of Yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2400138. [PMID: 38616173 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Yeast is an excellent model organism for research for regulating aging and lifespan, and the studies have made many contributions to date, including identifying various factors and signaling pathways related to aging and lifespan. More than 20 years have passed since molecular biological perspectives are adopted in this research field, and intracellular factors and signal pathways that control aging and lifespan have evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Furthermore, these findings have been applied to control the aging and lifespan of various model organisms by adjustment of the nutritional environment, genetic manipulation, and drug treatment using low-molecular weight compounds. Among these, drug treatment is easier than the other methods, and research into drugs that regulate aging and lifespan is consequently expected to become more active. Chronological lifespan, a definition of yeast lifespan, refers to the survival period of a cell population under nondividing conditions. Herein, low-molecular weight compounds are summarized that extend the chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, along with their intracellular functions. The low-molecular weight compounds are also discussed that extend the lifespan of other model organisms. Compounds that have so far only been studied in yeast may soon extend lifespan in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Garg A, Sanchez AM, Schwer B, Shuman S. Factors governing the transcriptome changes and chronological lifespan of fission yeast during phosphate starvation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105718. [PMID: 38311173 PMCID: PMC10910108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Starvation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe for inorganic phosphate elicits adaptive transcriptome changes in which mRNAs driving ribosome biogenesis, tRNA biogenesis, and translation are globally downregulated, while those for autophagy and phosphate mobilization are upregulated. Here, we interrogated three components of the starvation response: upregulated autophagy; the role of transcription factor Pho7 (an activator of the PHO regulon); and upregulated expression of ecl3, one of three paralogous genes (ecl1, ecl2, and ecl3) collectively implicated in cell survival during other nutrient stresses. Ablation of autophagy factor Atg1 resulted in early demise of phosphate-starved fission yeast, as did ablation of Pho7. Transcriptome profiling of phosphate-starved pho7Δ cells highlighted Pho7 as an activator of genes involved in phosphate acquisition and mobilization, not limited to the original three-gene PHO regulon, and additional starvation-induced genes (including ecl3) not connected to phosphate dynamics. Pho7-dependent gene induction during phosphate starvation tracked with the presence of Pho7 DNA-binding elements in the gene promoter regions. Fewer ribosome protein genes were downregulated in phosphate-starved pho7Δ cells versus WT, which might contribute to their shortened lifespan. An ecl3Δ mutant elicited no gene expression changes in phosphate-replete cells and had no impact on survival during phosphate starvation. By contrast, pan-ecl deletion (ecl123Δ) curtailed lifespan during chronic phosphate starvation. Phosphate-starved ecl123Δ cells experienced a more widespread downregulation of mRNAs encoding aminoacyl tRNA synthetases vis-à-vis WT or pho7Δ cells. Collectively, these results enhance our understanding of fission yeast phosphate homeostasis and survival during nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angad Garg
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana M Sanchez
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Beate Schwer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stewart Shuman
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
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Rodríguez-López M, Bordin N, Lees J, Scholes H, Hassan S, Saintain Q, Kamrad S, Orengo C, Bähler J. Broad functional profiling of fission yeast proteins using phenomics and machine learning. eLife 2023; 12:RP88229. [PMID: 37787768 PMCID: PMC10547477 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many proteins remain poorly characterized even in well-studied organisms, presenting a bottleneck for research. We applied phenomics and machine-learning approaches with Schizosaccharomyces pombe for broad cues on protein functions. We assayed colony-growth phenotypes to measure the fitness of deletion mutants for 3509 non-essential genes in 131 conditions with different nutrients, drugs, and stresses. These analyses exposed phenotypes for 3492 mutants, including 124 mutants of 'priority unstudied' proteins conserved in humans, providing varied functional clues. For example, over 900 proteins were newly implicated in the resistance to oxidative stress. Phenotype-correlation networks suggested roles for poorly characterized proteins through 'guilt by association' with known proteins. For complementary functional insights, we predicted Gene Ontology (GO) terms using machine learning methods exploiting protein-network and protein-homology data (NET-FF). We obtained 56,594 high-scoring GO predictions, of which 22,060 also featured high information content. Our phenotype-correlation data and NET-FF predictions showed a strong concordance with existing PomBase GO annotations and protein networks, with integrated analyses revealing 1675 novel GO predictions for 783 genes, including 47 predictions for 23 priority unstudied proteins. Experimental validation identified new proteins involved in cellular aging, showing that these predictions and phenomics data provide a rich resource to uncover new protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-López
- University College London, Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & EnvironmentLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola Bordin
- University College London, Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jon Lees
- University College London, Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyLondonUnited Kingdom
- University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Harry Scholes
- University College London, Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Shaimaa Hassan
- University College London, Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & EnvironmentLondonUnited Kingdom
- Helwan University, Faculty of PharmacyCairoEgypt
| | - Quentin Saintain
- University College London, Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & EnvironmentLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephan Kamrad
- University College London, Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & EnvironmentLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Christine Orengo
- University College London, Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jürg Bähler
- University College London, Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & EnvironmentLondonUnited Kingdom
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Ohtsuka H, Sakata H, Kitazaki Y, Tada M, Shimasaki T, Otsubo Y, Maekawa Y, Kobayashi M, Imada K, Yamashita A, Aiba H. The ecl family gene ecl3+ is induced by phosphate starvation and contributes to sexual differentiation in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:287015. [PMID: 36779416 PMCID: PMC10038150 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, ecl family genes are induced by several signals, such as starvation of various nutrients, including sulfur, amino acids and Mg2+, and environmental stress, including heat or oxidative stress. These genes mediate appropriate cellular responses and contribute to the maintenance of cell viability and induction of sexual differentiation. Although this yeast has three ecl family genes with overlapping functions, any environmental conditions that induce ecl3+ remain unidentified. We demonstrate that ecl3+ is induced by phosphate starvation, similar to its chromosomally neighboring genes, pho1+ and pho84+, which respectively encode an extracellular acid phosphatase and an inorganic phosphate transporter. ecl3+ expression was induced by the transcription factor Pho7 and affected by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase Csk1. Phosphate starvation induced G1 arrest and sexual differentiation via ecl family genes. Biochemical analyses suggested that this G1 arrest was mediated by the stabilization of the CDK inhibitor Rum1, which was dependent on ecl family genes. This study shows that ecl family genes are required for appropriate responses to phosphate starvation and provides novel insights into the diversity and similarity of starvation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakata
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuto Kitazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tada
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoko Otsubo
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-858, Japan
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
- Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasukichi Maekawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikuto Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuki Imada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-858, Japan
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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Cuanalo-Contreras K, Schulz J, Mukherjee A, Park KW, Armijo E, Soto C. Extensive accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates during natural aging and senescence. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1090109. [PMID: 36778589 PMCID: PMC9909609 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1090109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates is a hallmark event in many age-related protein misfolding disorders, including some of the most prevalent and insidious neurodegenerative diseases. Misfolded protein aggregates produce progressive cell damage, organ dysfunction, and clinical changes, which are common also in natural aging. Thus, we hypothesized that aging is associated to the widespread and progressive misfolding and aggregation of many proteins in various tissues. In this study, we analyzed whether proteins misfold, aggregate, and accumulate during normal aging in three different biological systems, namely senescent cells, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mouse tissues collected at different times from youth to old age. Our results show a significant accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates in aged samples as compared to young materials. Indeed, aged samples have between 1.3 and 2.5-fold (depending on the biological system) higher amount of insoluble proteins than young samples. These insoluble proteins exhibit the typical characteristics of disease-associated aggregates, including insolubility in detergents, protease resistance, and staining with amyloid-binding dye as well as accumulation in aggresomes. We identified the main proteins accumulating in the aging brain using proteomic studies. These results show that the aged brain contain large amounts of misfolded and likely non-functional species of many proteins, whose soluble versions participate in cellular pathways that play fundamental roles in preserving basic functions, such as protein quality control, synapsis, and metabolism. Our findings reveal a putative role for protein misfolding and aggregation in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Cuanalo-Contreras
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Schulz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abhisek Mukherjee
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyung-Won Park
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Enrique Armijo
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,*Correspondence: Claudio Soto,
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Verma K, Verma M, Chaphalkar A, Chakraborty K. Recent advances in understanding the role of proteostasis. Fac Rev 2021; 10:72. [PMID: 34632458 PMCID: PMC8483240 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of a functional proteome is achieved through the mechanism of proteostasis that involves precise coordination between molecular machineries assisting a protein from its conception to demise. Although each organelle within a cell has its own set of proteostasis machinery, inter-organellar communication and cell non-autonomous signaling bring forth the multidimensional nature of the proteostasis network. Exposure to extrinsic and intrinsic stressors can challenge the proteostasis network, leading to the accumulation of aberrant proteins or a decline in the proteostasis components, as seen during aging and in several diseases. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of proteostasis and its regulation in aging and disease, including monogenetic and infectious diseases. We highlight some of the emerging as well as unresolved questions in proteostasis that need to be addressed to overcome pathologies associated with damaged proteins and to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Verma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aseem Chaphalkar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kausik Chakraborty
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ohtsuka H, Shimasaki T, Aiba H. Response to sulfur in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6324000. [PMID: 34279603 PMCID: PMC8310684 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential component of various biologically important molecules, including methionine, cysteine and glutathione, and it is also involved in coping with oxidative and heavy metal stress. Studies using model organisms, including budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), have contributed not only to understanding various cellular processes but also to understanding the utilization and response mechanisms of each nutrient, including sulfur. Although fission yeast can use sulfate as a sulfur source, its sulfur metabolism pathway is slightly different from that of budding yeast because it does not have a trans-sulfuration pathway. In recent years, it has been found that sulfur starvation causes various cellular responses in S. pombe, including sporulation, cell cycle arrest at G2, chronological lifespan extension, autophagy induction and reduced translation. This MiniReview identifies two sulfate transporters in S. pombe, Sul1 (encoded by SPBC3H7.02) and Sul2 (encoded by SPAC869.05c), and summarizes the metabolic pathways of sulfur assimilation and cellular response to sulfur starvation. Understanding these responses, including metabolism and adaptation, will contribute to a better understanding of the various stress and nutrient starvation responses and chronological lifespan regulation caused by sulfur starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Ohtsuka H, Shimasaki T, Aiba H. Extension of chronological lifespan in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genes Cells 2021; 26:459-473. [PMID: 33977597 PMCID: PMC9290682 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are several examples in the nature wherein the mechanism of longevity control of unicellular organisms is evolutionarily conserved with that of higher multicellular organisms. The present microreview focuses on aging and longevity studies, particularly on chronological lifespan (CLS) concerning the unicellular eukaryotic fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In S. pombe, >30 compounds, 8 types of nutrient restriction, and >80 genes that extend CLS have been reported. Several CLS control mechanisms are known to be involved in nutritional response, energy utilization, stress responses, translation, autophagy, and sexual differentiation. In unicellular organisms, the control of CLS is directly linked to the mechanism by which cells are maintained in limited‐resource environments, and their genetic information is left to posterity. We believe that this important mechanism may have been preserved as a lifespan control mechanism for higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Ohtsuka H, Shimasaki T, Aiba H. Genes affecting the extension of chronological lifespan in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast). Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:623-642. [PMID: 33064911 PMCID: PMC8246873 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
So far, more than 70 genes involved in the chronological lifespan (CLS) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) have been reported. In this mini‐review, we arrange and summarize these genes based on the reported genetic interactions between them and the physical interactions between their products. We describe the signal transduction pathways that affect CLS in S. pombe: target of rapamycin complex 1, cAMP‐dependent protein kinase, Sty1, and Pmk1 pathways have important functions in the regulation of CLS extension. Furthermore, the Php transcription complex, Ecl1 family proteins, cyclin Clg1, and the cyclin‐dependent kinase Pef1 are important for the regulation of CLS extension in S. pombe. Most of the known genes involved in CLS extension are related to these pathways and genes. In this review, we focus on the individual genes regulating CLS extension in S. pombe and discuss the interactions among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Ohtsuka H, Aiba H. Factors extending the chronological lifespan of yeast: Ecl1 family genes. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 17:4085637. [PMID: 28934413 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecl1 family genes are conserved among yeast, in which their overexpression extends chronological lifespan. Ecl1 family genes were first identified in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe; at the time, they were considered noncoding RNA owing to their short coding sequence of fewer than 300 base pairs. Schizosaccharomyces pombe carries three Ecl1 family genes, ecl1+, ecl2+ and ecl3+, whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae has one, ECL1. Their overexpression extends chronological lifespan, increases oxidative stress resistance and induces sexual development in fission yeast. A recent study indicated that Ecl1 family genes play a significant role in responding to environmental zinc or sulfur depletion. In this review, we focus on Ecl1 family genes in fission yeast and describe the relationship between nutritional depletion and cellular output, as the latter depends on Ecl1 family genes. Furthermore, we present the roles and functions of Ecl1 family genes characterized to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Ohtsuka H, Takinami M, Shimasaki T, Hibi T, Murakami H, Aiba H. Sulfur restriction extends fission yeast chronological lifespan through Ecl1 family genes by downregulation of ribosome. Mol Microbiol 2017; 105:84-97. [PMID: 28388826 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional restrictions such as calorie restrictions are known to increase the lifespan of various organisms. Here, we found that a restriction of sulfur extended the chronological lifespan (CLS) of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The restriction decreased cellular size, RNA content, and ribosomal proteins and increased sporulation rate. These responses depended on Ecl1 family genes, the overexpression of which results in the extension of CLS. We also showed that the Zip1 transcription factor results in the sulfur restriction-dependent expression of the ecl1+ gene. We demonstrated that a decrease in ribosomal activity results in the extension of CLS. Based on these observations, we propose that sulfur restriction extends CLS through Ecl1 family genes in a ribosomal activity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takinami
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takahide Hibi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Ohtsuka H, Ishida M, Naito C, Murakami H, Aiba H. Sexual development of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is induced by zinc or iron limitation through Ecl1 family genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:173-85. [PMID: 25204792 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ecl1 family genes (ecl1 (+), ecl2 (+), and ecl3 (+)) have been identified as extenders of the chronological lifespan in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Here, we found that the triple-deletion mutant (∆ecl1/2/3) had a defect in sexual development after entry into the stationary phase, although the mutant essentially showed normal mating and sporulation under nitrogen starvation or carbon limitation. In this study, we showed that limitation of zinc or iron can be a signal for sexual development of S. pombe cells grown in Edinburgh minimal medium until the stationary phase and that Ecl1 family genes are important for this process. Because the ∆ecl1/2/3 mutant diminishes the zinc depletion-dependent gene expression, Ecl1 family proteins may function as zinc sensors in the process of sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Shimasaki T, Ohtsuka H, Naito C, Murakami H, Aiba H. Ecl1 is activated by the transcription factor Atf1 in response to H2O2 stress in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:685-93. [PMID: 24696293 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Ecl1 family genes extend the lifespan of fission yeast when overexpressed. They also cause resistance against H(2)O(2) stress. In this study, we found that the bZip transcription factor Atf1 is a direct activator of the induction of extender of chronological lifespan (ecl1 (+)) by H(2)O(2) stress. Based on ChIP analysis, we identified that Atf1 binds to the upstream DNA region of ecl1(+). Previously, we reported that overexpression of ecl1(+) increased the expression of the catalase-encoding ctt1(+). This ecl1(+)-dependent increase of ctt1(+) expression occurred in ∆atf1 mutant. On the other hand, the activation of ctt1 (+) caused by the ∆pyp1 mutation, which enhances Sty1-Atf1 activity, could occur in ∆ecl1 mutant. Based on these results, we propose that Atf1 can regulate ctt1(+) in both an Ecl1-dependent and an Ecl1-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Lin SJ, Austriaco N. Aging and cell death in the other yeasts, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:119-35. [PMID: 24205865 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How do cells age and die? For the past 20 years, the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used as a model organism to uncover the genes that regulate lifespan and cell death. More recently, investigators have begun to interrogate the other yeasts, the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and the human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, to determine if similar longevity and cell death pathways exist in these organisms. After summarizing the longevity and cell death phenotypes in S. cerevisiae, this mini-review surveys the progress made in the study of both aging and programed cell death (PCD) in the yeast models, with a focus on the biology of S. pombe and C. albicans. Particular emphasis is placed on the similarities and differences between the two types of aging, replicative aging, and chronological aging, and between the three types of cell death, intrinsic apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and regulated necrosis, found in these yeasts. The development of the additional microbial models for aging and PCD in the other yeasts may help further elucidate the mechanisms of longevity and cell death regulation in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ju Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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15
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The fission yeast php2 mutant displays a lengthened chronological lifespan. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:1548-55. [PMID: 23832353 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe php2(+) gene encodes a subunit of the CCAAT-binding factor complex. We found that disruption of the php2(+) gene extended the chronological lifespan of the fission yeast. Moreover, the lifespan of the Δphp2 mutant was barely extended under calorie restricted (CR) conditions. Many other phenotypes of the Δphp2 mutant resembled those of wild-type cells grown under CR conditions, suggesting that the Δphp2 mutant might undergo CR. The mutant also showed low respiratory activity concomitant with decreased expression of the cyc1(+) and rip1(+) genes, both of which are involved in mitochondrial electron transport. On the basis of a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we determined that Php2 binds to a DNA region upstream of cyc1(+) and rip1(+) in S. pombe. Here we discuss the possible mechanisms by which the chronological lifespan of Δphp2 mutant is extended.
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16
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Ohtsuka H, Ogawa S, Kawamura H, Sakai E, Ichinose K, Murakami H, Aiba H. Screening for long-lived genes identifies Oga1, a guanine-quadruplex associated protein that affects the chronological lifespan of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Genet Genomics 2013; 288:285-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Ohtsuka H, Azuma K, Kubota S, Murakami H, Giga-Hama Y, Tohda H, Aiba H. Chronological lifespan extension by Ecl1 family proteins depends on Prr1 response regulator in fission yeast. Genes Cells 2013; 17:39-52. [PMID: 22212525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2011.01571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ecl1+, ecl2+ and ecl3+ genes encode highly homologous small proteins, and their over-expressions confer both H2O2 stress resistance and chronological lifespan extension on Schizosaccharomyces pombe. However, the mechanisms of how these Ecl1 family proteins function have not been elucidated. In this study, we conducted microarray analysis and identified that the expression of genes involved in sexual development and stress responses was affected by the over-expression of Ecl1 family proteins. In agreement with the mRNA expression profile, the cells over-expressing Ecl1 family proteins showed high mating efficiency and resistant phenotype to H2O2. We showed that the H2O2-resistant phenotype depends on catalase Ctt1, and over-expression of ctt1+ does not affect chronological lifespan. Furthermore, we showed that six genes, ste11+, spk1+, hsr1+, rsv2+, hsp9+ and lsd90+, whose expressions are increased in cells over-expressing Ecl1 family proteins are involved in chronological lifespan in fission yeast. Among these genes, the induction of ste11+ and hsr1+ was dependent on a transcription factor Prr1, and we showed that the extensions of chronological lifespan by Ecl1 family proteins are remarkably diminished in prr1 deletion mutant. From these results, we propose that Ecl1-family proteins conduct H2O2 stress resistance and chronological lifespan extension in ctt1+- and prr1+-dependent manner, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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18
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Cohen A, Ross L, Nachman I, Bar-Nun S. Aggregation of polyQ proteins is increased upon yeast aging and affected by Sir2 and Hsf1: novel quantitative biochemical and microscopic assays. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44785. [PMID: 22970306 PMCID: PMC3435303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, are characterized by accumulation of protein aggregates in distinct neuronal cells that eventually die. In Huntington's disease, the protein huntingtin forms aggregates, and the age of disease onset is inversely correlated to the length of the protein's poly-glutamine tract. Using quantitative assays to estimate microscopically and capture biochemically protein aggregates, here we study in Saccharomyces cerevisiae aging-related aggregation of GFP-tagged, huntingtin-derived proteins with different polyQ lengths. We find that the short 25Q protein never aggregates whereas the long 103Q version always aggregates. However, the mid-size 47Q protein is soluble in young logarithmically growing yeast but aggregates as the yeast cells enter the stationary phase and age, allowing us to plot an “aggregation timeline”. This aging-dependent aggregation was associated with increased cytotoxicity. We also show that two aging-related genes, SIR2 and HSF1, affect aggregation of the polyQ proteins. In Δsir2 strain the aging-dependent aggregation of the 47Q protein is aggravated, while overexpression of the transcription factor Hsf1 attenuates aggregation. Thus, the mid-size 47Q protein and our quantitative aggregation assays provide valuable tools to unravel the roles of genes and environmental conditions that affect aging-related aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Ross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iftach Nachman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Bar-Nun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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19
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Sakurai H, Ota A. Regulation of chaperone gene expression by heat shock transcription factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: importance in normal cell growth, stress resistance, and longevity. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:2744-8. [PMID: 21827755 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factor (HSF), a key regulator in the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) chaperones, is involved in the maintenance of protein homeostasis. However, the impact of HSF-mediated transcription of each HSP gene on this process is not fully understood. We show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells containing mutations in the HSF-binding sequences of chromosomal HSP90 promoters exhibit various phenotypes, including slow growth, proteotoxic stress sensitivity, and reduced chronological lifespan. Similar phenotypes were observed when HSF-binding sequences in five mitochondrial HSP promoters were mutated. Therefore, HSF-regulated changes in expression of these chaperone genes are necessary to maintain cell viability under various growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakurai
- Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
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20
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Implication of heat shock factors in tumorigenesis: therapeutical potential. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:1158-81. [PMID: 24212658 PMCID: PMC3756408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3011158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat Shock Factors (HSF) form a family of transcription factors (four in mammals) which were named according to the discovery of their activation by a heat shock. HSFs trigger the expression of genes encoding Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) that function as molecular chaperones, contributing to establish a cytoprotective state to various proteotoxic stresses and in pathological conditions. Increasing evidence indicates that this ancient transcriptional protective program acts genome-widely and performs unexpected functions in the absence of experimentally defined stress. Indeed, HSFs are able to re-shape cellular pathways controlling longevity, growth, metabolism and development. The most well studied HSF, HSF1, has been found at elevated levels in tumors with high metastatic potential and is associated with poor prognosis. This is partly explained by the above-mentioned cytoprotective (HSP-dependent) function that may enable cancer cells to adapt to the initial oncogenic stress and to support malignant transformation. Nevertheless, HSF1 operates as major multifaceted enhancers of tumorigenesis through, not only the induction of classical heat shock genes, but also of “non-classical” targets. Indeed, in cancer cells, HSF1 regulates genes involved in core cellular functions including proliferation, survival, migration, protein synthesis, signal transduction, and glucose metabolism, making HSF1 a very attractive target in cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the different physiological roles of HSFs as well as the recent discoveries in term of non-cogenic potential of these HSFs, more specifically associated to the activation of “non-classical” HSF target genes. We also present an update on the compounds with potent HSF1-modulating activity of potential interest as anti-cancer therapeutic agents.
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