1
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Park S, Kwak M, Park S. Complete organelle genomes of Korean fir, Abies koreana and phylogenomics of the gymnosperm genus Abies using nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA sequence data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7636. [PMID: 38561351 PMCID: PMC10985005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Abies koreana E.H.Wilson is an endangered evergreen coniferous tree that is native to high altitudes in South Korea and susceptible to the effects of climate change. Hybridization and reticulate evolution have been reported in the genus; therefore, multigene datasets from nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes are needed to better understand its evolutionary history. Using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) PromethION platforms, we generated complete mitochondrial (1,174,803 bp) and plastid (121,341 bp) genomes from A. koreana. The mitochondrial genome is highly dynamic, transitioning from cis- to trans-splicing and breaking conserved gene clusters. In the plastome, the ONT reads revealed two structural conformations of A. koreana. The short inverted repeats (1186 bp) of the A. koreana plastome are associated with different structural types. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed 1356 sites of C-to-U RNA editing in the 41 mitochondrial genes. Using A. koreana as a reference, we additionally produced nuclear and organelle genomic sequences from eight Abies species and generated multiple datasets for maximum likelihood and network analyses. Three sections (Balsamea, Momi, and Pseudopicea) were well grouped in the nuclear phylogeny, but the phylogenomic relationships showed conflicting signals in the mitochondrial and plastid genomes, indicating a complicated evolutionary history that may have included introgressive hybridization. The obtained data illustrate that phylogenomic analyses based on sequences from differently inherited organelle genomes have resulted in conflicting trees. Organelle capture, organelle genome recombination, and incomplete lineage sorting in an ancestral heteroplasmic individual can contribute to phylogenomic discordance. We provide strong support for the relationships within Abies and new insights into the phylogenomic complexity of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun Park
- Institute of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Myounghai Kwak
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, South Korea.
| | - SeonJoo Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea.
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Feng M, Kong H, Lin M, Zhang R, Gong W. The complete plastid genome provides insight into maternal plastid inheritance mode of the living fossil plant Ginkgo biloba. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:752-756. [PMID: 38197005 PMCID: PMC10772217 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In the current research, we focus on uniparental inheritance of chloroplast genome of the living fossil plant, Ginkgo biloba L., one of the gymnosperms, using genomic data.•Our results provide strong genomic evidence to support plastid maternal inheritance mode of G. biloba, which is different from most other gymnosperms.•The combination of manually genetic crosses and genomic data is proved to be an efficient way to investigate the inheritance mode of chloroplasts genome in land plants.•The current research also provides a case study for further research of plastid inheritance in gymnosperms using genomic techniques, which will contribute to a better understanding of cytologically uniparental inheritance mode and evolutionary mechanism of plastids in both gymnosperms and angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Feng
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510614, China
| | - Hanghui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Meixiu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510614, China
| | - Rongjing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510614, China
| | - Wei Gong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510614, China
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3
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Wu L, Xu H, Jian S, Gong X, Feng X. Geographic factors and climatic fluctuation drive the genetic structure and demographic history of
Cycas taiwaniana
(Cycadaceae), an endemic endangered species to Hainan Island in China. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9508. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
- Plant Science Institute, School of Life Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Hai‐Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Shu‐Guang Jian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Xiu‐Yan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
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4
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Yang X, Deng T, Tang W, Wu T. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Cycas ferruginea, a vulnerable species. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:1048-1049. [PMID: 35756445 PMCID: PMC9225770 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2082894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycas ferruginea F. N. Wei (1994) is recorded in the list of wild plant protection in China as a national first-class protected plant. The complete chloroplast genome of C. ferruginea was analyzed for the first time in this article. The genome is 162,045 bp in length, which contains a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,048 bp each, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,827 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 23,122 bp. The genome comprises a total of 130 encoded genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. The total GC content is 39.44%, and the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IRs are 38.73%, 36.56%, and 42.02%, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed based on the complete chloroplast genome sequences of 16 species. Results showed that C. ferruginea is close to C. debaoensis, C. bifida, and C. szechuanensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- College of Tourism and Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Wenxiu Tang
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- College of Tourism and Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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5
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Liu J, Lindstrom AJ, Chen YS, Nathan R, Gong X. Congruence between ocean-dispersal modelling and phylogeography explains recent evolutionary history of Cycas species with buoyant seeds. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1863-1875. [PMID: 34342898 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ocean currents play a significant role in driving the long-distance dispersal (LDD), spatial distribution and phylogeographic patterns of many organisms. Integrating phylogeographic analyses and mechanistic ocean current modelling can provide novel insights into the evolutionary history of terrestrial littoral species but has been rarely applied in this context. We focused on a group of Cycas that have buoyant seeds and occupy coastal habitats. By integrating evidence from mechanistic simulations and whole plastomic data, we examined the role of ocean circulation in shaping the phylogeography of these Cycas species. Plastomes of the studied Cycas species showed extreme conservatism, following a post-Pleistocene divergence. Phylogenies revealed three subclades, corresponding to the Pacific Ocean, Sunda Shelf and Indian Ocean. The ocean modelling results indicate that hotspots of seed stranding coincide well with the contemporary distribution of the Cycas species and that drifting trajectories from the three subclades are largely confined to separate regions. These findings suggest that ocean current systems, by driving long-distance dispersal, have shaped the distribution and phylogeography for Cycas with buoyant seeds. This study highlights how the combination of genomic data and ocean drift modelling can help explain phylogeographic patterns and diversity in terrestrial littoral ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Anders J Lindstrom
- Global Biodiversity Conservancy, 144/124 Moo3, Soi Bua Thong, Bangsalae, Sattahip, Chonburi, 20250, Thailand
| | - Yong-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Xun Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Villanueva-Corrales S, García-Botero C, Garcés-Cardona F, Ramírez-Ríos V, Villanueva-Mejía DF, Álvarez JC. The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Plukenetia volubilis Provides Insights Into the Organelle Inheritance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667060. [PMID: 33968119 PMCID: PMC8103035 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plukenetia volubilis L. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae), also known as Sacha inchi, is considered a promising crop due to its high seed content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), all of them highly valuable for food and cosmetic industries, but the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis of this non-model plant is still insufficient. Here, we sequenced the total DNA of Sacha inchi by using Illumina and Nanopore technologies and approached a de novo reconstruction of the whole nucleotide sequence and the organization of its 164,111 bp length of the chloroplast genome, displaying two copies of an inverted repeat sequence [inverted repeat A (IRA) and inverted repeat B (IRB)] of 28,209 bp, each one separating a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,860 bp and a large single copy (LSC) region of 89,833 bp. We detected two large inversions on the chloroplast genome that were not presented in the previously reported sequence and studied a promising cpDNA marker, useful in phylogenetic approaches. This chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) marker was used on a set of five distinct Colombian cultivars of P. volubilis from different geographical locations to reveal their phylogenetic relationships. Thus, we evaluated if it has enough resolution to genotype cultivars, intending to crossbreed parents and following marker's trace down to the F1 generation. We finally elucidated, by using molecular and cytological methods on cut flower buds, that the inheritance mode of P. volubilis cpDNA is maternally transmitted and proposed that it occurs as long as it is physically excluded during pollen development. This de novo chloroplast genome will provide a valuable resource for studying this promising crop, allowing the determination of the organellar inheritance mechanism of some critical phenotypic traits and enabling the use of genetic engineering in breeding programs to develop new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilo García-Botero
- CIBIOP Research Group, Biological Sciences Department, EAFIT University, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Froilán Garcés-Cardona
- CIBIOP Research Group, Biological Sciences Department, EAFIT University, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Viviana Ramírez-Ríos
- CIBIOP Research Group, Biological Sciences Department, EAFIT University, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Javier C. Álvarez
- BEC Research Group, Biological Sciences Department, EAFIT University, Medellín, Colombia
- CIBIOP Research Group, Biological Sciences Department, EAFIT University, Medellín, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Javier C. Álvarez,
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7
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Chang ACG, Lai Q, Chen T, Tu T, Wang Y, Agoo EMG, Duan J, Li N. The complete chloroplast genome of Microcycas calocoma (Miq.) A. DC. (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) and evolution in Cycadales. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8305. [PMID: 31976174 PMCID: PMC6964695 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycadales is an extant group of seed plants occurring in subtropical and tropical regions comprising putatively three families and 10 genera. At least one complete plastid genome sequence has been reported for all of the 10 genera except Microcycas, making it an ideal plant group to conduct comprehensive plastome comparisons at the genus level. This article reports for the first time the plastid genome of Microcycas calocoma. The plastid genome has a length of 165,688 bp with 134 annotated genes including 86 protein-coding genes, 47 non-coding RNA genes (39 tRNA and eight rRNA) and one pseudogene. Using global sequence variation analysis, the results showed that all cycad genomes share highly similar genomic profiles indicating significant slow evolution and little variation. However, identity matrices coinciding with the inverted repeat regions showed fewer similarities indicating that higher polymorphic events occur at those sites. Conserved non-coding regions also appear to be more divergent whereas variations in the exons were less discernible indicating that the latter comprises more conserved sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using 81 concatenated protein-coding genes of chloroplast (cp) genomes, obtained using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference with high support values (>70% ML and = 1.0 BPP), confirms that Microcycas is closest to Zamia and forms a monophyletic clade with Ceratozamia and Stangeria. While Stangeria joined the Neotropical cycads Ceratozamia, Zamia and Microcyas, Bowenia grouped with the Southern Hemisphere cycads Encephalartos, Lepidozamia and Macrozamia. All Cycas species formed a distinct clade separated from the other genera. Dioon, on the other hand, was outlying from the rest of Zamiaceae encompassing two major clades—the Southern Hemisphere cycads and the Neotropical cycads. Analysis of the whole cp genomes in phylogeny also supports that the previously recognized family—Stangeriaceae—which contained Bowenia and Stangeria, is not monophyletic. Thus, the cp genome topology obtained in our study is congruent with other molecular phylogenies recognizing only a two-family classification (Cycadaceae and Zamiaceae) within extant Cycadales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Caye G Chang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Lai
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tieyao Tu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhua Wang
- Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jun Duan
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Abstract
Mitochondria, a nearly ubiquitous feature of eukaryotes, are derived from an ancient symbiosis. Despite billions of years of cooperative coevolution - in what is arguably the most important mutualism in the history of life - the persistence of mitochondrial genomes also creates conditions for genetic conflict with the nucleus. Because mitochondrial genomes are present in numerous copies per cell, they are subject to both within- and among-organism levels of selection. Accordingly, 'selfish' genotypes that increase their own proliferation can rise to high frequencies even if they decrease organismal fitness. It has been argued that uniparental (often maternal) inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes evolved to curtail such selfish replication by minimizing within-individual variation and, hence, within-individual selection. However, uniparental inheritance creates conditions for cytonuclear conflict over sex determination and sex ratio, as well as conditions for sexual antagonism when mitochondrial variants increase transmission by enhancing maternal fitness but have the side-effect of being harmful to males (i.e., 'mother's curse'). Here, we review recent advances in understanding selfish replication and sexual antagonism in the evolution of mitochondrial genomes and the mechanisms that suppress selfish interactions, drawing parallels and contrasts with other organelles (plastids) and bacterial endosymbionts that arose more recently. Although cytonuclear conflict is widespread across eukaryotes, it can be cryptic due to nuclear suppression, highly variable, and lineage-specific, reflecting the diverse biology of eukaryotes and the varying architectures of their cytoplasmic genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Evan S Forsythe
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alissa M Williams
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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9
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Yang R, Feng X, Gong X. Genetic structure and demographic history of Cycas chenii (Cycadaceae), an endangered species with extremely small populations. PLANT DIVERSITY 2017; 39:44-51. [PMID: 30159490 PMCID: PMC6112254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Geological activities and climate oscillations during the Quaternary period profoundly impacted the distribution of species in Southwest China. Some plant species may be harbored in refugia, such as the dry-hot valleys of Southwest China. Cycas chenii X. Gong & W. Zhou, a critically endangered cycad species, which grows under the canopy in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests along the upstream drainage area of the Red River, is endemic to this refugium. In this study, 60 individuals of C. chenii collected from six populations were analyzed by sequencing two chloroplast intergenic spacers (cpDNA: psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF) and two nuclear genes (PHYP and RBP-1). Results showed high genetic diversity at the species level, but low within-population genetic diversity and high interpopulation genetic differentiation. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on cpDNA showed that five chloroplast haplotypes were clustered into two clades, which corresponds to the division of the western and eastern bank of the Red River. These data indicate a possible role for the Red River as a geographic barrier to gene flow in C. chenii. Based on our findings, we propose appropriate in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for C. chenii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuyan Feng
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming 650201, China
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10
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Gong YQ, Zhan QQ, Nguyen KS, Nguyen HT, Wang YH, Gong X. The historical demography and genetic variation of the endangered Cycas multipinnata (Cycadaceae) in the red river region, examined by chloroplast DNA sequences and microsatellite markers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117719. [PMID: 25689828 PMCID: PMC4331093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycas multipinnata C.J. Chen & S.Y. Yang is a cycad endemic to the Red River drainage region that occurs under evergreen forest on steep limestone slopes in Southwest China and northern Vietnam. It is listed as endangered due to habitat loss and over-collecting for the ornamental plant trade, and only several populations remain. In this study, we assess the genetic variation, population structure, and phylogeography of C. multipinnata populations to help develop strategies for the conservation of the species. 60 individuals from six populations were used for chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequencing and 100 individuals from five populations were genotyped using 17 nuclear microsatellites. High genetic differentiation among populations was detected, suggesting that pollen or seed dispersal was restricted within populations. Two main genetic clusters were observed in both the cpDNA and microsatellite loci, corresponding to Yunnan China and northern Vietnam. These clusters indicated low levels of gene flow between the regions since their divergence in the late Pleistocene, which was inferred from both Bayesian and coalescent analysis. In addition, the result of a Bayesian skyline plot based on cpDNA portrayed a long history of constant population size followed by a decline in the last 50,000 years of C. multipinnata that was perhaps affected by the Quaternary glaciations, a finding that was also supported by the Garza-Williamson index calculated from the microsatellite data. The genetic consequences produced by climatic oscillations and anthropogenic disturbances are considered key pressures on C. multipinnata. To establish a conservation management plan, each population of C. multipinnata should be recognized as a Management Unit (MU). In situ and ex situ actions, such as controlling overexploitation and creating a germplasm bank with high genetic diversity, should be urgently implemented to preserve this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qing Gong
- Plant Science Institute, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Khang Sinh Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay District, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Hiep Tien Nguyen
- Center for Plant Conservation, Cau Giay District, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- Plant Science Institute, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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11
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Chiang YC, Huang BH, Chang CW, Wan YT, Lai SJ, Huang S, Liao PC. Asymmetric introgression in the horticultural living fossil cycas sect. Asiorientales using a genome-wide scanning approach. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8228-51. [PMID: 23591840 PMCID: PMC3645740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian cycads are mostly allopatric, distributed in small population sizes. Hybridization between allopatric species provides clues in determining the mechanism of species divergence. Horticultural introduction provides the chance of interspecific gene flow between allopatric species. Two allopatrically eastern Asian Cycas sect. Asiorientales species, C. revoluta and C. taitungensis, which are widely distributed in Ryukyus and Fujian Province and endemic to Taiwan, respectively, were planted in eastern Taiwan for horticultural reason. Higher degrees of genetic admixture in cultivated samples than wild populations in both cycad species were detected based on multilocus scans by neutral AFLP markers. Furthermore, bidirectional but asymmetric introgression by horticultural introduction of C. revoluta is evidenced by the reanalyses of species associated loci, which are assumed to be diverged after species divergence. Partial loci introgressed from native cycad to the invaders were also detected at the loci of strong species association. Consistent results tested by all neutral loci, and the species-associated loci, specify the recent introgression from the paradox of sharing of ancestral polymorphisms. Phenomenon of introgression of cultivated cycads implies niche conservation among two geographic-isolated cycads, even though the habitats of the extant wild populations of two species are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chung Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Bing-Hong Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (B.-H.H.); (Y.-T.W.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Chun-Wen Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; E-Mail: (C.-W.C); (S.H.)
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Technical Service Division, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (B.-H.H.); (Y.-T.W.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Shih-Jie Lai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (B.-H.H.); (Y.-T.W.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Shong Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; E-Mail: (C.-W.C); (S.H.)
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (B.-H.H.); (Y.-T.W.); (S.-J.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-8-7-703-202 (ext. 6364); Fax: +886-8-7-740-584
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12
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Crosby K, Smith DR. Does the mode of plastid inheritance influence plastid genome architecture? PLoS One 2012; 7:e46260. [PMID: 23029453 PMCID: PMC3459873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastid genomes show an impressive array of sizes and compactnesses, but the forces responsible for this variation are unknown. It has been argued that species with small effective genetic population sizes are less efficient at purging excess DNA from their genomes than those with large effective population sizes. If true, one may expect the primary mode of plastid inheritance to influence plastid DNA (ptDNA) architecture. All else being equal, biparentally inherited ptDNAs should have a two-fold greater effective population size than those that are uniparentally inherited, and thus should also be more compact. Here, we explore the relationship between plastid inheritance pattern and ptDNA architecture, and consider the role of phylogeny in shaping our observations. Contrary to our expectations, we found no significant difference in plastid genome size or compactness between ptDNAs that are biparentally inherited relative to those that are uniparentally inherited. However, we also found that there was significant phylogenetic signal for the trait of mode of plastid inheritance. We also found that paternally inherited ptDNAs are significantly smaller (n = 19, p = 0.000001) than those that are maternally, uniparentally (when isogamous), or biparentally inherited. Potential explanations for this observation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Crosby
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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