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Gambhir P, Raghuvanshi U, Parida AP, Kujur S, Sharma S, Sopory SK, Kumar R, Sharma AK. Elevated methylglyoxal levels inhibit tomato fruit ripening by preventing ethylene biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2161-2184. [PMID: 36879389 PMCID: PMC10315284 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a toxic compound produced as a by-product of several cellular processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis, is well known for its deleterious effects, mainly through glycation of proteins during plant stress responses. However, very little is known about its impact on fruit ripening. Here, we found that MG levels are maintained at high levels in green tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits and decline during fruit ripening despite a respiratory burst during this transition. We demonstrate that this decline is mainly mediated through a glutathione-dependent MG detoxification pathway and primarily catalyzed by a Glyoxalase I enzyme encoded by the SlGLYI4 gene. SlGLYI4 is a direct target of the MADS-box transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), and its expression is induced during fruit ripening. Silencing of SlGLYI4 leads to drastic MG overaccumulation at ripening stages of transgenic fruits and interferes with the ripening process. MG most likely glycates and inhibits key enzymes such as methionine synthase and S-adenosyl methionine synthase in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway, thereby indirectly affecting fruit pigmentation and cell wall metabolism. MG overaccumulation in fruits of several nonripening or ripening-inhibited tomato mutants suggests that the tightly regulated MG detoxification process is crucial for normal ripening progression. Our results underpin a SlGLYI4-mediated regulatory mechanism by which MG detoxification controls fruit ripening in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gambhir
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Utkarsh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Adwaita Prasad Parida
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Stuti Kujur
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Mohanan MV, Pushpanathan A, Jayanarayanan AN, Selvarajan D, Ramalingam S, Govind H, Chinnaswamy A. Isolation of 5' regulatory region of COLD1 gene and its functional characterization through transient expression analysis in tobacco and sugarcane. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:228. [PMID: 37304407 PMCID: PMC10256666 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilling Tolerant Divergence 1 (COLD1) gene consists of Golgi pH Receptor (GPHR) as well as Abscisic Acid-linked G Protein-Coupled Receptor (ABA_GPCR), which are the major transmembrane proteins in plants. This gene expression has been found to be differentially regulated, under various stress conditions, in wild Saccharum-related genera, Erianthus arundinaceus, compared to commercial sugarcane variety. In this study, Rapid Amplification of Genomic Ends (RAGE) technique was employed to isolate the 5' upstream region of COLD1 gene to gain knowledge about the underlying stress regulatory mechanism. The current study established the cis-acting elements, main promoter regions, and Transcriptional Start Site (TSS) present within the isolated 5' upstream region (Cold1P) of COLD1, with the help of specific bioinformatics techniques. Phylogenetic analysis results revealed that the isolated Cold1P promoter is closely related to the species, Sorghum bicolor. Cold1P promoter-GUS gene construct was generated in pCAMBIA 1305.1 vector that displayed a constitutive expression of the GUS reporter gene in both monocot as well as dicot plants. The histochemical GUS assay outcomes confirmed that Cold1P can drive expression in both monocot as well as dicot plants. Cold1P's activities under several abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, salt, and drought, revealed its differential expression profile in commercial sugarcane variety. The highest activity of the GUS gene was found after 24 h of cold stress, driven by the isolated Cold1P promoter. The outcomes from GUS fluorimetric assay correlated with that of the GUS expression findings. This is the first report on Cold1P isolated from the species, E. arundinaceus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03650-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dharshini Selvarajan
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641007 India
| | | | - Hemaprabha Govind
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641007 India
| | - Appunu Chinnaswamy
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641007 India
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Mipeshwaree Devi A, Khedashwori Devi K, Premi Devi P, Lakshmipriyari Devi M, Das S. Metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolites: prospects and its technological challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1171154. [PMID: 37251773 PMCID: PMC10214965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1171154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that play vital roles for their primary functions such as growth, defence, adaptations or reproduction. Some of the plant secondary metabolites are beneficial to mankind as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Metabolic pathways and their regulatory mechanism are crucial for targeting metabolite engineering. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated system has been widely applied in genome editing with high accuracy, efficiency, and multiplex targeting ability. Besides its vast application in genetic improvement, the technique also facilitates a comprehensive profiling approach to functional genomics related to gene discovery involved in various plant secondary metabolic pathways. Despite these wide applications, several challenges limit CRISPR/Cas system applicability in genome editing in plants. This review highlights updated applications of CRISPR/Cas system-mediated metabolic engineering of plants and its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sudripta Das
- Plant Bioresources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India
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Gambhir P, Singh V, Parida A, Raghuvanshi U, Kumar R, Sharma AK. Ethylene response factor ERF.D7 activates auxin response factor 2 paralogs to regulate tomato fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2775-2796. [PMID: 36130295 PMCID: PMC9706452 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the obligatory role of ethylene in climacteric fruit ripening and the identification of 77 ethylene response factors (ERFs) in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome, the role of few ERFs has been validated in the ripening process. Here, using a comprehensive morpho-physiological, molecular, and biochemical approach, we demonstrate the regulatory role of ERF D7 (SlERF.D7) in tomato fruit ripening. SlERF.D7 expression positively responded to exogenous ethylene and auxin treatments, most likely in a ripening inhibitor-independent manner. SlERF.D7 overexpression (OE) promoted ripening, and its silencing had the opposite effect. Alterations in its expression modulated ethylene production, pigment accumulation, and fruit firmness. Consistently, genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, lycopene biosynthesis, and cell wall loosening were upregulated in the OE lines and downregulated in RNAi lines. These transgenic lines also accumulated altered levels of indole-3-acetic acid at late-breaker stages. A positive association between auxin response factor 2 (ARF2) paralog's transcripts and SlERF.D7 mRNA levels and that SlARF2A and SlARF2B are direct targets of SlERF.D7 underpinned the perturbed auxin-ethylene crosstalk for the altered ripening program observed in the transgenic fruits. Overall, this study uncovers that SlERF.D7 positively regulates SlARF2A/B abundance to amalgamate auxin and ethylene signaling pathways for controlling tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gambhir
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Vijendra Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Adwaita Parida
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Utkarsh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Singha DL, Das D, Sarki YN, Chowdhury N, Sharma M, Maharana J, Chikkaputtaiah C. Harnessing tissue-specific genome editing in plants through CRISPR/Cas system: current state and future prospects. PLANTA 2021; 255:28. [PMID: 34962611 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a nutshell, tissue-specific CRISPR/Cas genome editing is the most promising approach for crop improvement which can bypass the hurdle associated with constitutive GE such as off target and pleotropic effects for targeted crop improvement. CRISPR/Cas is a powerful genome-editing tool with a wide range of applications for the genetic improvement of crops. However, the constitutive genome editing of vital genes is often associated with pleiotropic effects on other genes, needless metabolic burden, or interference in the cellular machinery. Tissue-specific genome editing (TSGE), on the other hand, enables researchers to study those genes in specific cells, tissues, or organs without disturbing neighboring groups of cells. Until recently, there was only limited proof of the TSGE concept, where the CRISPR-TSKO tool was successfully used in Arabidopsis, tomato, and cotton, laying a solid foundation for crop improvement. In this review, we have laid out valuable insights into the concept and application of TSGE on relatively unexplored areas such as grain trait improvement under favorable or unfavorable conditions. We also enlisted some of the prominent tissue-specific promoters and described the procedure of their isolation with several TSGE promoter expression systems in detail. Moreover, we highlighted potential negative regulatory genes that could be targeted through TSGE using tissue-specific promoters. In a nutshell, tissue-specific CRISPR/Cas genome editing is the most promising approach for crop improvement which can bypass the hurdle associated with constitutive GE such as off target and pleotropic effects for targeted crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanawantari L Singha
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
| | - Debajit Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Yogita N Sarki
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Naimisha Chowdhury
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Jitendra Maharana
- Distributed Information Centre (DIC), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Zhong TX, Tang R, Song JL, Fu CC, Liu Y, Zhou CC, Zhang XQ, Chen S, Xie XM. Vascular preferential activity of the Pennisetum purpureum cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:357-367. [PMID: 29940472 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the cross talk between the lignin biosynthesis gene promoters and the regulatory proteins that modulate molecular signaling and respond to various stresses. In this study, we characterized the promoter region of the lignin biosynthesis pathway cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) gene in elephant grass, Pennisetum purpureum. Quantification of the transcript levels of the PpCAD promoter revealed it is preferentially expressed in vascular tissue, especially xylem. Histochemical and fluorometric assays confirmed the vascular-preferential expression of the PpCAD promoter, as the highest β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity was found in the basal stem in transgenic tobacco plants expressing a 1154-bp PpCAD promoter-GUS fusion construct. Moreover, 5'-deleted PpCAD promoter analyses showed that the 1154-bp PpCAD promoter fragment had the highest transcriptional activity, whereas the 2054-bp fragment had multifarious inducible activity responding to gibberellin (GA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), and wounding. The regions from -248 to -243 bp and -1416 to -1411 bp contained W-box cis-elements, which were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The binding effects of the GA-responsive elements (from -561 to -555 bp and -1077 to -1071 bp), MeJA-responsive element (from -1146 to -1142 bp), and the ABA-responsive cis-element (from -1879 to -1874 bp) were also validated by EMSA. Based on our results, we suggest that lignin deposition associated with PpCAD promoter activity adapts to the environment through molecular signaling involving GA, MeJA, and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xiu Zhong
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ran Tang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jian-Ling Song
- Office of Academic Research, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Fu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cong-Cong Zhou
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin-Ming Xie
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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