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Jocković J, Rajčević N, Zorić L, Jocković M, Radanović A, Cvejić S, Jocić S, Vujisić L, Miladinović D, Miklič V, Luković J. Secretory Tissues and Volatile Components of Disc Florets in Several Wild Helianthus L. Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:345. [PMID: 38337878 PMCID: PMC10857358 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Although flower pollinator interactions are known to be mediated by floral traits, not enough attention has been paid to the research of secretory tissues and volatile components of sunflower disc florets as potentially important parameters in breeding programs. (1) To our knowledge, this is the first integrated study aimed at better understanding the attractiveness of sunflower capitula to insects. In the study, we have made a very detailed comparative analysis of secretory tissues and the characterization of the volatile components (VOCs) of disc florets in 10 wild perennial Helianthus species. (2) For anatomical analyses, cross-sections were obtained from the nectary zone of disc florets using a cryotechnique procedure. Micromorphological observation and morphological and anatomical analysis of disc florets were performed using light and scanning electron microscopy. For VOCs, we applied headspace, GC-FID, and GC/MS analyses. (3) The obtained results indicate that there is a difference between the analyzed traits among studied species. H. eggertii, H. hirsutus, H. mollis, H. resinosus, and H. tuberosus had high disc diameter values, a high cross-section area and disc floret corolla length, as well as the largest cross-section area and thickness of the disc florets nectary. In the analyzed VOCs, 30 different compounds were detected. The highest yield and quantity of α-Pinene was observed in H. mollis. (4) Inflorescence features, such as receptacle diameter, corolla and secretory tissue properties, and floret VOCs production and characterization, provided valuable information that can be used as guidelines in sunflower breeding programs to maximize pollinator attractiveness and increase seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jocković
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Nemanja Rajčević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Lana Zorić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Milan Jocković
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Radanović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Sandra Cvejić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Siniša Jocić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Ljubodrag Vujisić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dragana Miladinović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vladimir Miklič
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Jadranka Luković
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (L.Z.); (J.L.)
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