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Kutanan W, Liu D, Kampuansai J, Srikummool M, Srithawong S, Shoocongdej R, Sangkhano S, Ruangchai S, Pittayaporn P, Arias L, Stoneking M. Reconstructing the Human Genetic History of Mainland Southeast Asia: Insights from Genome-Wide Data from Thailand and Laos. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3459-3477. [PMID: 33905512 PMCID: PMC8321548 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thailand and Laos, located in the center of Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), harbor diverse ethnolinguistic groups encompassing all five language families of MSEA: Tai-Kadai (TK), Austroasiatic (AA), Sino-Tibetan (ST), Hmong-Mien (HM), and Austronesian (AN). Previous genetic studies of Thai/Lao populations have focused almost exclusively on uniparental markers and there is a paucity of genome-wide studies. We therefore generated genome-wide SNP data for 33 ethnolinguistic groups, belonging to the five MSEA language families from Thailand and Laos, and analyzed these together with data from modern Asian populations and SEA ancient samples. Overall, we find genetic structure according to language family, albeit with heterogeneity in the AA-, HM-, and ST-speaking groups, and in the hill tribes, that reflects both population interactions and genetic drift. For the TK speaking groups, we find localized genetic structure that is driven by different levels of interaction with other groups in the same geographic region. Several Thai groups exhibit admixture from South Asia, which we date to ∼600-1000 years ago, corresponding to a time of intensive international trade networks that had a major cultural impact on Thailand. An AN group from Southern Thailand shows both South Asian admixture as well as overall affinities with AA-speaking groups in the region, suggesting an impact of cultural diffusion. Overall, we provide the first detailed insights into the genetic profiles of Thai/Lao ethnolinguistic groups, which should be helpful for reconstructing human genetic history in MSEA and selecting populations for participation in ongoing whole genome sequence and biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibhu Kutanan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Dang Liu
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jatupol Kampuansai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Suparat Srithawong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rasmi Shoocongdej
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Archaeology, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukrit Sangkhano
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Sukhum Ruangchai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pittayawat Pittayaporn
- Department of Linguistics and Southeast Asian Linguistics Research Unit, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Leonardo Arias
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Centre for Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Stoneking
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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Prevalence and molecular characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the Lue ethnic group of northern Thailand. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2956. [PMID: 33536585 PMCID: PMC7858617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common enzyme disorders. Prevalence and variant distribution of G6PD deficiency can vary in different regions and among differing ethnic groups. To reveal the G6PD frequency and molecular characterization among the Lue ethnic group of northern Thailand, blood samples of 296 unrelated individuals collecting from 6 Lue villages were analyzed. The observed G6PD enzyme activity ranged from 0.11 to 20.60 U/g Hb. Overall, 13.51% (40/296) of the individuals were identified as having G6PD deficiency status. The prevalence in males was 14.28% (20/140), while that of females was 12.82% (20/156). The most common G6PD variants in the Lue were the Kaiping 1388G > A (5.40%) and Canton 1376G > T (6.42%) types. Observed prevalence and variant types of the G6PD gene in the Lue population are similar to that of the Tai-Kadai speaking ethnic groups in southern China, which is consistent with their historically close line of ancestry. However, the founder effect that occurred during the Lue’s transboundary migration from China to Thailand showed its impact upon different patterns of G6PD distribution among each Lue village.
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