1
|
Liu Y, Vanderhaeghen S, Feiler W, Angelov A, Baudrexl M, Zverlov V, Liebl W. Characterization of Two α-l-Arabinofuranosidases from Acetivibrio mesophilus and Their Synergistic Effect in Degradation of Arabinose-Containing Substrates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071467. [PMID: 34361903 PMCID: PMC8307384 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinofuranosidases are important accessory enzymes involved in the degradation of arabinose-containing poly- and oligosaccharides. Two arabinofuranosidases from the recently described novel anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Acetivibrio mesophilus, designated AmAraf51 and AmAraf43, were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. AmAraf51 not only removed arabinose moieties at O-3, O-2 and terminal O-5 positions of arabinose-containing oligosaccharides, but also exhibited exo-β-xylosidase side activity. In comparison, AmAraf43 preferably cleaved 1,3-linkages from arabinosyl disubstitutions. AmAraf51 and AmAraf43 demonstrated maximum activity at 70 °C and 57 °C, respectively. Judging from the genetic context and substrate specificity, AmAraf51 may decompose internalized arabino/xylo-oligosaccharides. The embedding of the AmAraf43 gene between genes for several putative xylanolytic enzymes, along with its enzymatic properties suggests that AmAraf43 cleaves arabinose decorations from heteroxylans extracellularly. The enzymes revealed completely converse activity profiles towards arabinan/arabinoxylan: AmAraf51 displayed strong activity on arabinan, while AmAraf43 prefers arabinoxylan. AmAraf51 dramatically stimulated the saccharification level of wheat arabinoxylan (WAX-RS) and sugar beet arabinan when administered along with xylanase M_Xyn10 or arabinanase PpAbn43, respectively. For WAX-RS degradation, the yield of arabinose and xylose was boosted 13.77-fold and 4.96-fold, respectively. The bifunctional activity, thermostability and high catalytic efficiency make AmAraf51 an interesting candidate for industrial applications.
Collapse
|
2
|
Duran Garzon C, Habrylo O, Lemaire A, Guillaume A, Carré Y, Millet C, Fourtot-Brun C, Trezel P, Le Blond P, Perrin A, Georgé S, Wagner M, Coutel Y, Levavasseur L, Pau-Roblot C, Pelloux J. Characterization of a novel strain of Aspergillus aculeatinus: From rhamnogalacturonan type I pectin degradation to improvement of fruit juice filtration. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117943. [PMID: 33838820 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus spp. are well-known producers of pectinases commonly used in the industry. Aspergillus aculeatinus is a recently identified species but poorly characterized. This study aimed at giving a comprehensive characterization of the enzymatic potential of the O822 strain to produce Rhamnogalacturonan type I (RGI)-degrading enzymes. Proteomic analysis identified cell wall degrading enzymes (cellulases, hemicellulases, and pectinases) that accounted for 92 % of total secreted proteins. Twelve out of fifty proteins were identified as RGI-degrading enzymes. NMR and enzymatic assays revealed high levels of arabinofuranosidase, arabinanase, galactanase, rhamnogalacturonan hydrolases and rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase activities in aqueous extracts. Viscosity assays carried out with RGI-rich camelina mucilage confirmed the efficiency of enzymes secreted by O822 to hydrolyze RGI, by decreasing viscosity by 70 %. Apple juice trials carried out at laboratory and pilot scale showed an increase in filtration flow rate and yield, paving the way for an industrial use of enzymes derived from A. aculeatinus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Duran Garzon
- UMR Transfrontalière INRAe BioEcoAgro 1158 - BIOPI, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Habrylo
- Centre de Recherche et Innovation Soufflet, 1 rue de la Poterne à Sel, 10400 Nogent sur Seine, France
| | - Adrien Lemaire
- UMR Transfrontalière INRAe BioEcoAgro 1158 - BIOPI, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Anaïs Guillaume
- Centre de Recherche et Innovation Soufflet, 1 rue de la Poterne à Sel, 10400 Nogent sur Seine, France
| | - Yoann Carré
- Centre de Recherche et Innovation Soufflet, 1 rue de la Poterne à Sel, 10400 Nogent sur Seine, France
| | - Clémence Millet
- Centre Technique de la Conservation des Produits Agricoles, 41 avenue Paul Claudel, 80480 Dury-Amiens, France
| | - Catherine Fourtot-Brun
- Centre de Recherche et Innovation Soufflet, 1 rue de la Poterne à Sel, 10400 Nogent sur Seine, France
| | - Pauline Trezel
- UMR Transfrontalière INRAe BioEcoAgro 1158 - BIOPI, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Pascal Le Blond
- Centre de Recherche et Innovation Soufflet, 1 rue de la Poterne à Sel, 10400 Nogent sur Seine, France
| | - Aurore Perrin
- Centre de Recherche et Innovation Soufflet, 1 rue de la Poterne à Sel, 10400 Nogent sur Seine, France
| | - Stéphane Georgé
- Centre Technique de la Conservation des Produits Agricoles, 41 avenue Paul Claudel, 80480 Dury-Amiens, France
| | - Magali Wagner
- Centre Technique de la Conservation des Produits Agricoles, 41 avenue Paul Claudel, 80480 Dury-Amiens, France
| | - Yves Coutel
- Centre de Recherche et Innovation Soufflet, 1 rue de la Poterne à Sel, 10400 Nogent sur Seine, France
| | - Loïc Levavasseur
- Centre de Recherche et Innovation Soufflet, 1 rue de la Poterne à Sel, 10400 Nogent sur Seine, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- UMR Transfrontalière INRAe BioEcoAgro 1158 - BIOPI, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMR Transfrontalière INRAe BioEcoAgro 1158 - BIOPI, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Penicillium purpurogenum produces a novel endo-1,5-arabinanase, active on debranched arabinan, short arabinooligosaccharides and on the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl arabinofuranoside. Carbohydr Res 2018; 455:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
4
|
Abstract
Fungi and fungal enzymes play important roles in the new bioeconomy. Enzymes from filamentous fungi can unlock the potential of recalcitrant lignocellulose structures of plant cell walls as a new resource, and fungi such as yeast can produce bioethanol from the sugars released after enzyme treatment. Such processes reflect inherent characteristics of the fungal way of life, namely, that fungi as heterotrophic organisms must break down complex carbon structures of organic materials to satisfy their need for carbon and nitrogen for growth and reproduction. This chapter describes major steps in the conversion of plant biomass to value-added products. These products provide a basis for substituting fossil-derived fuels, chemicals, and materials, as well as unlocking the biomass potential of the agricultural harvest to yield more food and feed. This article focuses on the mycological basis for the fungal contribution to biorefinery processes, which are instrumental for improved resource efficiency and central to the new bioeconomy. Which types of processes, inherent to fungal physiology and activities in nature, are exploited in the new industrial processes? Which families of the fungal kingdom and which types of fungal habitats and ecological specializations are hot spots for fungal biomass conversion? How can the best fungal enzymes be found and optimized for industrial use? How can they be produced most efficiently-in fungal expression hosts? How have industrial biotechnology and biomass conversion research contributed to mycology and environmental research? Future perspectives and approaches are listed, highlighting the importance of fungi in development of the bioeconomy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Benassi VM, de Lucas RC, Jorge JA, Polizeli MDLTDM. Screening of thermotolerant and thermophilic fungi aiming β-xylosidase and arabinanase production. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1459-67. [PMID: 25763055 PMCID: PMC4323324 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell wall is mainly composed by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The heterogeneous structure and composition of the hemicellulose are key impediments to its depolymerization and subsequent use in fermentation processes. Thus, this study aimed to perform a screening of thermophilic and thermotolerant filamentous fungi collected from different regions of the São Paulo state, and analyze the production of β-xylosidase and arabinanase at different temperatures. These enzymes are important to cell wall degradation and synthesis of end products as xylose and arabinose, respectively, which are significant sugars to fermentation and ethanol production. A total of 12 fungal species were analyzed and 9 of them grew at 45 °C, suggesting a thermophilic or thermotolerant character. Additionally Aspergillus thermomutatus anamorph of Neosartorya and A. parasiticus grew at 50 °C. Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus thermomutatus were the filamentous fungi with the most expressive production of β-xylosidase and arabinanase, respectively. In general for most of the tested microorganisms, β-xylosidase and arabinanase activities from mycelial extract (intracellular form) were higher in cultures grown at high temperatures (35–40 °C), while the correspondent extracellular activities were favorably secreted from cultures at 30 °C. This study contributes to catalogue isolated fungi of the state of São Paulo, and these findings could be promising sources for thermophilic and thermotolerant microorganisms, which are industrially important due to their enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Machado Benassi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSP Brazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosymar Coutinho de Lucas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSP Brazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Atílio Jorge
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSP Brazil Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSP Brazil Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Z, Liu Y, Yan Q, Yang S, Jiang Z. Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase from Rhizomucor miehei. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1226-1233. [PMID: 25582414 DOI: 10.1021/jf5058167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel gene (designated as RmArase) encoding endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase from a thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor miehei was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene had an open reading frame (ORF) of 930 base pairs (bp) encoding 309 amino acids. The amino acid sequence shared highest identity (56%) with a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 43 endo-1,5-α-l-arabinase from Bacillus subtilis and low identity (35%) with the endo-1,5-α-l-arabinase from Aspergillus niger. The recombinant endo-1,5-α-l-arabinase (RmArase) was purified to homogeneity with a molecular mass of 40.6 kDa. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 109 units/mg. The optimal temperature and pH of RmArase were determined to be 55 °C and 5.5, respectively. It was stable up to 45 °C and within pH 5.0-8.5. The Km values of RmArase toward debranched arabinan and sugar beet arabinan were 5.8 and 27.5 mg/mL, respectively. RmArase efficiently degraded arabinans to yield and arabinobiose and arabinose as major end products, which was different from most other endo-1,5-α-l-arabinases. The synergistic action of RmArase and the pectinase could significantly improve the degradation of sugar beet pulp. These properties make RmArase useful in several industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, and ‡Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, and ‡Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, and ‡Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, and ‡Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, and ‡Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nafisi M, Stranne M, Zhang L, van Kan JAL, Sakuragi Y. The endo-arabinanase BcAra1 is a novel host-specific virulence factor of the necrotic fungal phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:781-92. [PMID: 24725206 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-14-0036-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is one of the first physical interfaces encountered by plant pathogens and consists of polysaccharides, of which arabinan is an important constituent. During infection, the necrotrophic plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea secretes a cocktail of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including endo-arabinanase activity, which carries out the breakdown of arabinan. The roles of arabinan and endo-arabinanases during microbial infection were thus far elusive. In this study, the gene Bcara1 encoding for a novel α-1,5-L-endo-arabinanase was identified and the heterologously expressed BcAra1 protein was shown to hydrolyze linear arabinan with high efficiency whereas little or no activity was observed against the other oligo- and polysaccharides tested. The Bcara1 knockout mutants displayed reduced arabinanase activity in vitro and severe retardation in secondary lesion formation during infection of Arabidopsis leaves. These results indicate that BcAra1 is a novel endo-arabinanase and plays an important role during the infection of Arabidopsis. Interestingly, the level of Bcara1 transcript was considerably lower during the infection of Nicotiana benthamiana compared with Arabidopsis and, consequently, the ΔBcara1 mutants showed the wild-type level of virulence on N. benthamiana leaves. These results support the conclusion that the expression of Bcara1 is host dependent and is a key determinant of the disease outcome.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi H, Ding H, Huang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang F. Expression and characterization of a GH43 endo-arabinanase from Thermotoga thermarum. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:35. [PMID: 24886412 PMCID: PMC4021227 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabinan is an important plant polysaccharide degraded mainly by two hydrolytic enzymes, endo-arabinanase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase. In this study, the characterization and application in arabinan degradation of an endo-arabinanase from Thermotoga thermarum were investigated. RESULTS The recombinant endo-arabinanase was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by heat treatment followed by purification on a nickel affinity column chromatography. The purified endo-arabinanase exhibited optimal activity at pH 6.5 and 75°C and its residual activity retained more than 80% of its initial activity after being incubated at 80°C for 2 h. The results showed that the endo-arabinanase was very effective for arabinan degradation at higher temperature. When linear arabinan was used as the substrate, the apparent K(m) and V(max) values were determined to be 12.3 ± 0.15 mg ml⁻¹ and 1,052.1 ± 12.7 μmol ml⁻¹ min⁻¹, respectively (at pH 6.5, 75°C), and the calculated kcat value was 349.3 ± 4.2 s⁻¹. CONCLUSIONS This work provides a useful endo-arabinanase with high thermostability andcatalytic efficiency, and these characteristics exhibit a great potential for enzymatic conversion of arabinan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
β-xylosidases and α-L-arabinofuranosidases: accessory enzymes for arabinoxylan degradation. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:316-32. [PMID: 24239877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arabinoxylan (AX) is among the most abundant hemicelluloses on earth and one of the major components of feedstocks that are currently investigated as a source for advanced biofuels. As global research into these sustainable biofuels is increasing, scientific knowledge about the enzymatic breakdown of AX advanced significantly over the last decade. This review focuses on the exo-acting AX hydrolases, such as α-arabinofuranosidases and β-xylosidases. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse substrate specificities and corresponding structural features found in the different glycoside hydrolase families. A careful review of the available literature reveals a marked difference in activity between synthetically labeled and naturally occurring substrates, often leading to erroneous enzymatic annotations. Therefore, special attention is given to enzymes with experimental evidence on the hydrolysis of natural polymers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Huy ND, Thiyagarajan S, Choi YE, Kim DH, Park SM. Cloning and characterization of a thermostable endo-arabinanase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and its synergistic action with endo-xylanase. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 36:677-85. [PMID: 23361183 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-0891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Putative arabinanase (PcARA) was cloned from cDNA of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The gene sequencing indicated that PcARA consisted of 939 nucleotides that encodes for 312 amino acid arabinanase-polypeptide chain, including a signal peptide of 19 amino acids. Three-dimensional homology indicated that this enzyme is a five-bladed β-propeller, belonging to glycosidase family 43 and its secondary structure is consisted of 24 β-sheets. The PcARA-cDNA was expressed in Pichia pastoris using pPICZαC. SDS-PAGE of purified arabinanase showed a single band of 33 kDa that is very close to theoretical molecular mass of 33.9 kDa calculated by its amino acid content. Recombinant arabinanase (rPcARA) exhibited maximum activity at pH and temperature of 5.0 and 60 °C, respectively. End-product analysis of debranched arabinan hydrolysis by thin-layer chromatography indicated that rPcARA acted as endo-type. The synergistic action of rPcARA with recombinant xylanase resulted in 72 and 9.3 % release of total soluble sugar of arabinoxylan and NaOH-pretreated barley straw, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duc Huy
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-752, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sakamoto T, Inui M, Yasui K, Tokuda S, Akiyoshi M, Kobori Y, Nakaniwa T, Tada T. Biochemical characterization and gene expression of two endo-arabinanases from Penicillium chrysogenum 31B. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1087-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Seiboth B, Metz B. Fungal arabinan and L-arabinose metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 89:1665-73. [PMID: 21212945 PMCID: PMC3044236 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
l-Arabinose is the second most abundant pentose beside d-xylose and is found in the plant polysaccharides, hemicellulose and pectin. The need to find renewable carbon and energy sources has accelerated research to investigate the potential of l-arabinose for the development and production of biofuels and other bioproducts. Fungi produce a number of extracellular arabinanases, including α-l-arabinofuranosidases and endo-arabinanases, to specifically release l-arabinose from the plant polymers. Following uptake of l-arabinose, its intracellular catabolism follows a four-step alternating reduction and oxidation path, which is concluded by a phosphorylation, resulting in d-xylulose 5-phosphate, an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. The genes and encoding enzymes l-arabinose reductase, l-arabinitol dehydrogenase, l-xylulose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulokinase of this pathway were mainly characterized in the two biotechnological important fungi Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei. Analysis of the components of the l-arabinose pathway revealed a number of specific adaptations in the enzymatic and regulatory machinery towards the utilization of l-arabinose. Further genetic and biochemical analysis provided evidence that l-arabinose and the interconnected d-xylose pathway are also involved in the oxidoreductive degradation of the hexose d-galactose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Seiboth
- Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Wien, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoshida S, Hespen CW, Beverly RL, Mackie RI, Cann IKO. Domain analysis of a modular alpha-L-Arabinofuranosidase with a unique carbohydrate binding strategy from the fiber-degrading bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:5424-36. [PMID: 20709893 PMCID: PMC2950500 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00503-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Family 43 glycoside hydrolases (GH43s) are known to exhibit various activities involved in hemicellulose hydrolysis. Thus, these enzymes contribute to efficient plant cell wall degradation, a topic of much interest for biofuel production. In this study, we characterized a unique GH43 protein from Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. The recombinant protein showed α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity, specifically with arabinoxylan. The enzyme is, therefore, an arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (AXH). The F. succinogenes AXH (FSUAXH1) is a modular protein that is composed of a signal peptide, a GH43 catalytic module, a unique β-sandwich module (XX domain), a family 6 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM6), and F. succinogenes-specific paralogous module 1 (FPm-1). Truncational analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of the protein revealed that the GH43 domain/XX domain constitute a new form of carbohydrate-binding module and that residue Y484 in the XX domain is essential for binding to arabinoxylan, although protein structural analyses may be required to confirm some of the observations. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the Y484A mutation leads to a higher k(cat) for a truncated derivative of FSUAXH1 composed of only the GH43 catalytic module and the XX domain. However, an increase in the K(m) for arabinoxylan led to a 3-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency. Based on the knowledge that most XX domains are found only in GH43 proteins, the evolutionary relationships within the GH43 family were investigated. These analyses showed that in GH43 members with a XX domain, the two modules have coevolved and that the length of a loop within the XX domain may serve as an important determinant of substrate specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Yoshida
- Energy Biosciences Institute, Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Charles W. Hespen
- Energy Biosciences Institute, Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Robert L. Beverly
- Energy Biosciences Institute, Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Roderick I. Mackie
- Energy Biosciences Institute, Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Isaac K. O. Cann
- Energy Biosciences Institute, Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Simultaneous in vivo truncation of pectic side chains. Transgenic Res 2009; 18:961-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
15
|
Cloning and characterization of a novel exo-α-1,5-L-arabinanase gene and the enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 79:941-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Sakamoto T. Pectin-degrading Enzymes Produced by Fungi. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2008. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.55.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
17
|
Farrokhi N, Burton RA, Brownfield L, Hrmova M, Wilson SM, Bacic A, Fincher GB. Plant cell wall biosynthesis: genetic, biochemical and functional genomics approaches to the identification of key genes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2006; 4:145-67. [PMID: 17177793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls are dynamic structures that represent key determinants of overall plant form, plant growth and development, and the responses of plants to environmental and pathogen-induced stresses. Walls play centrally important roles in the quality and processing of plant-based foods for both human and animal consumption, and in the production of fibres during pulp and paper manufacture. In the future, wall material that constitutes the major proportion of cereal straws and other crop residues will find increasing application as a source of renewable fuel and composite manufacture. Although the chemical structures of most wall constituents have been defined in detail, the enzymes involved in their synthesis and remodelling remain largely undefined, particularly those involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. There have been real recent advances in our understanding of cellulose biosynthesis in plants, but, with few exceptions, the identities and modes of action of polysaccharide synthases and other glycosyltransferases that mediate the biosynthesis of the major non-cellulosic wall polysaccharides are not known. Nevertheless, emerging functional genomics and molecular genetics technologies are now allowing us to re-examine the central questions related to wall biosynthesis. The availability of the rice, Populus trichocarpa and Arabidopsis genome sequences, a variety of mutant populations, high-density genetic maps for cereals and other industrially important plants, high-throughput genome and transcript analysis systems, extensive publicly available genomics resources and an increasing armoury of analysis systems for the definition of candidate gene function will together allow us to take a systems approach to the description of wall biosynthesis in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Farrokhi
- School of Agriculture and Wine, and Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Numan MT, Bhosle NB. Alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases: the potential applications in biotechnology. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 33:247-60. [PMID: 16385399 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-005-0072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases (EC3.2.1.55) have received increased attention primarily due to their role in the degradation of lignocelluloses as well as their positive effect on the activity of other enzymes acting on lignocelluloses. As a result, these enzymes are used in many biotechnological applications including wine industry, clarification of fruit juices, digestion enhancement of animal feedstuffs and as a natural improver for bread. Moreover, these enzymes could be used to improve existing technologies and to develop new technologies. The production, mechanisms of action, classification, synergistic role, biochemical properties, substrate specificities, molecular biology and biotechnological applications of these enzymes have been reviewed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mondher Th Numan
- National Institute Of Oceanography, 403004 Dona Poula, Goa, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ulvskov P, Wium H, Bruce D, Jørgensen B, Qvist KB, Skjøt M, Hepworth D, Borkhardt B, Sørensen SO. Biophysical consequences of remodeling the neutral side chains of rhamnogalacturonan I in tubers of transgenic potatoes. PLANTA 2005; 220:609-20. [PMID: 15517357 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-004-1373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two lines of transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants modified in their cell wall structure were characterized and compared to wild type with regard to biomechanical properties in order to assign functional roles to the particular cell wall polysaccharides that were targeted by the genetic changes. The targeted polymer was rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), a complex pectic polysaccharide comprised of mainly neutral oligosaccharide side chains attached to a backbone of alternating rhamnosyl and galacturonosyl units. Tuber rhamnogalacturonan I molecules from the two transformed lines are reduced in linear galactans and branched arabinans, respectively. The transformed tuber tissues were found to be more brittle when subjected to uniaxial compression and the side-chain truncation was found to be correlated with the physical properties of the tissue. Interpretation of the force-deflection curves was aided by a mathematical model that describes the contribution of the cellulose microfibrils, and the results lead to the proposition that the pectic matrix plays a role in transmitting stresses to the load-bearing cellulose microfibrils and that even small changes to the rheological properties of the matrix have consequences for the biophysical properties of the wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ulvskov
- Biotechnology Group, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sakamoto T, Ihara H, Shibano A, Nagahiro H, Kawasaki H. Molecular Identification of a Cold-adapted Endo-arabinanase of Penicillium chrysogenum. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2005. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.52.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
21
|
Leal TF, de Sá-Nogueira I. Purification, characterization and functional analysis of an endo-arabinanase (AbnA) fromBacillus subtilis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 241:41-8. [PMID: 15556708 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Revised: 09/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis synthesizes at least one arabinanase encoded by the abnA gene that is able to degrade the polysaccharide arabinan. Here, we report the expression in Escherichia coli of the full-length abnA coding region with a His6-tag fused to the C-terminus. The recombinant protein was secreted to the periplasmic space and correctly processed by the E. coli signal peptidase. The substrate specificity of purified AbnA, the physico-chemical properties and kinetic parameters were determined. Functional analysis studies revealed Glu 215 as a key residue for AbnA hydrolytic activity and indicated that in addition to AbnA B. subtilis secretes other enzyme(s) able to degrade linear 1,5-alpha-l-arabinan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fontes Leal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida de República, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Capodicasa C, Vairo D, Zabotina O, McCartney L, Caprari C, Mattei B, Manfredini C, Aracri B, Benen J, Knox JP, De Lorenzo G, Cervone F. Targeted modification of homogalacturonan by transgenic expression of a fungal polygalacturonase alters plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 135:1294-304. [PMID: 15247378 PMCID: PMC519048 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.042788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Revised: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pectins are a highly complex family of cell wall polysaccharides comprised of homogalacturonan (HGA), rhamnogalacturonan I and rhamnogalacturonan II. We have specifically modified HGA in both tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Arabidopsis by expressing the endopolygalacturonase II of Aspergillus niger (AnPGII). Cell walls of transgenic tobacco plants showed a 25% reduction in GalUA content as compared with the wild type and a reduced content of deesterified HGA as detected by antibody labeling. Neutral sugars remained unchanged apart from a slight increase of Rha, Ara, and Gal. Both transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis were dwarfed, indicating that unesterified HGA is a critical factor for plant cell growth. The dwarf phenotypes were associated with AnPGII activity as demonstrated by the observation that the mutant phenotype of tobacco was completely reverted by crossing the dwarfed plants with plants expressing PGIP2, a strong inhibitor of AnPGII. The mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis did not appear when transformation was performed with a gene encoding AnPGII inactivated by site directed mutagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Capodicasa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale e Laboratorio di Genomica Funzionale e Proteomica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sakamoto T, Ihara H, Kozaki S, Kawasaki H. A cold-adapted endo-arabinanase from Penicillium chrysogenum. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2003; 1624:70-5. [PMID: 14642815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously, three arabinan-degrading enzymes were isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum 31B. Here we describe another arabinan-degrading enzyme, termed Abnc, from the culture filtrate of the same organism. Analysis of the reaction products of debranched arabinan by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) revealed that Abnc cleaved the substrate in an endo manner and that the final major product was arabinotriose. The molecular mass of Abnc was estimated to be 35 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Enzyme activity of Abnc was highest at pH 6.0 to 7.0. The enzyme was stable up to 30 degrees C and showed optimum activity at 30 to 40 degrees C. Compared with a mesophilic counterpart from Aspergillus niger, Abnc exhibited a lower thermal stability and optimum enzyme activity at lower temperatures. Production of Abnc in P. chrysogenum was found to be strongly induced by arabinose-containing polymers and required a longer culture time than did other arabinanase isozymes in this strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Fermentation Chemistry, Division of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nunan KJ, Scheller HV. Solubilization of an arabinan arabinosyltransferase activity from mung bean hypocotyls. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 132:331-42. [PMID: 12746538 PMCID: PMC166978 DOI: 10.1104/pp.102.019406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2002] [Revised: 01/18/2003] [Accepted: 02/04/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of polysaccharides destined for the plant cell wall and the subsequent assembly of the cell wall are poorly understood processes that are currently the focus of much research. Arabinan, a component of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I, is composed of arabinosyl residues connected via various glycosidic linkages, and therefore, the biosynthesis of arabinan is likely to involve more than one arabinosyltransferase. We have studied the transfer of [(14)C]arabinose (Ara) from UDP-L-arabinopyranose onto polysaccharides using microsomal membranes isolated from mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls. [(14)C]arabinosyl and [(14)C]xylosyl residues were incorporated into endogenous products due to the presence of UDP-Xyl-4-epimerase activity. Enzymatic digestion of endogenous products with endo-arabinanase released very little radiolabeled sugars, whereas digestion with arabinofuranosidase released some [(14)C]Ara. Microsomal membranes solubilized with the detergent octyl glucoside were able to add a single [(14)C]Ara residue onto (1-->5)-linked alpha-L-arabino-oligosaccharide acceptors. The reaction had a pH optimum of 6.5 and a requirement for manganese ions. However, enzymatic digestion of the radiolabeled oligosaccharides with endo-arabinanase and arabinofuranosidases could not fully release the radiolabeled Ara residue, indicating that the [(14)C]Ara residue was not a (1-->2)-, (1-->3)-, or (1-->5)-linked alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residue. Rather, mild acid treatment of the product suggested that the radiolabeled Ara residue was in a pyranose conformation, and this result was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography of radiolabeled partially methylated sugars. Using microsomal membranes separated on a discontinuous sucrose gradient, the arabinosyltransferase activity appears to be mainly localized to Golgi membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Joy Nunan
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Skjøt M, Pauly M, Bush MS, Borkhardt B, McCann MC, Ulvskov P. Direct interference with rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthesis in Golgi vesicles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 129:95-102. [PMID: 12011341 PMCID: PMC155874 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2001] [Revised: 11/23/2001] [Accepted: 01/30/2002] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a class of complex cell wall polysaccharides with multiple roles during cell development. Assigning specific functions to particular polysaccharides is in its infancy, in part, because of the limited number of mutants and transformants available with modified pectic polymers in their walls. Pectins are also important polymers with diverse applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, which would benefit from technology for producing pectins with specific functional properties. In this report, we describe the generation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Posmo) tuber transformants producing pectic rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) with a low level of arabinosylation. This was achieved by the expression of a Golgi membrane-anchored endo-alpha-1,5-arabinanase. Sugar composition analysis of RGI isolated from transformed and wild-type tubers showed that the arabinose content was decreased by approximately 70% in transformed cell walls compared with wild type. The modification of the RGI was confirmed by immunolabeling with an antibody recognizing alpha-1,5-arabinan. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that the biosynthesis of a plant cell wall polysaccharide has been manipulated through the action of a glycosyl hydrolase targeted to the Golgi compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Skjøt
- Biotechnology Group, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|