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Aryal YP, Han SY, Rana B, Neupane S, Kim TY, Pokharel E, Ha JH, Jung JK, An CH, Kim JY, Yamamoto H, Lee Y, An SY, Suh JY, Kim JY, Sohn WJ. Prohibitin modulates periodontium differentiation in mice development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1369634. [PMID: 38756696 PMCID: PMC11096493 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1369634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prohibitin (PHB) is an essential scaffold protein that modulates signaling pathways controlling cell survival, metabolism, inflammation, and bone formation. However, its specific role in periodontium development remains less understood. This study aims to elucidate the expression pattern and function of PHB in periodontium development and its involvement in alveolar bone formation. Methods: Immunolocalization of PHB in the periodontium of postnatal (PN) mice were examined. Phb morpholino was micro-injected into the right-side mandible at PN5, corresponding to the position where the alveolar bone process forms in relation to the lower first molar. The micro-injection with a scramble control (PF-127) and the left-side mandibles were used as control groups. Five days post-micro-injection, immunohistochemical analysis and micro-CT evaluation were conducted to assess bone mass and morphological changes. Additionally, expression patterns of signaling molecules were examined following Phb downregulation using 24-h in vitro cultivation of developing dental mesenchyme at E14.5. Results: The immunostaining of PHB showed its localization in the periodontium at PN5, PN8, and PN10. The in vitro cultivation of dental mesenchyme resulted in alterations in Bmps, Runx2, and Wnt signalings after Phb knock-down. At 5 days post-micro-injection, Phb knocking down showed weak immunolocalizations of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN). However, knocking down Phb led to histological alterations characterized by decreased bone mass and stronger localizations of Ki67 and PERIOSTIN in the periodontium compared 1 to control groups. The micro-CT evaluation showed decreased bone volume and increased PDL space in the Phb knock-down specimens, suggesting its regulatory role in bone formation. Discussion: The region-specific localization of PHB in the margin where alveolar bone forms suggests its involvement in alveolar bone formation and the differentiation of the periodontal ligament. Overall, our findings suggest that Phb plays a modulatory role in alveolar bone formation by harmoniously regulating bone-forming-related signaling molecules during periodontium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Han
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bandana Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United Sates
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Elina Pokharel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hong Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Jung
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyeon An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Toky, Japan
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Young Suh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wern-Joo Sohn
- College of K-Biohealth, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Chen S, Chen X, Zhang Y, Chen H, Liao Y, Zhang J, Wu D, Chu H, Huang H, Wu C, Huang S, Xu H, Jia B, Liu J, Feng B, Li Z, Qin D, Pei D, Cai J. Single cell atlas of developing mouse dental germs reveals populations of CD24 + and Plac8 + odontogenic cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1154-1169. [PMID: 36545982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal relationships in high-resolution during odontogenesis remain poorly understood. We report a cell lineage and atlas of developing mouse teeth. We performed a large-scale (92,688 cells) single cell RNA sequencing, tracing the cell trajectories during odontogenesis from embryonic days 10.5 to 16.5. Combined with an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing, our results suggest that mesenchymal cells show the specific transcriptome profiles to distinguish the tooth types. Subsequently, we identified key gene regulatory networks in teeth and bone formation and uncovered spatiotemporal patterns of odontogenic mesenchymal cells. CD24+ and Plac8+ cells from the mesenchyme at the bell stage were distributed in the upper half and preodontoblast layer of the dental papilla, respectively, which could individually induce nonodontogenic epithelia to form tooth-like structures. Specifically, the Plac8+ tissue we discovered is the smallest piece with the most homogenous cells that could induce tooth regeneration to date. Our work reveals previously unknown heterogeneity and spatiotemporal patterns of tooth germs that may lead to tooth regeneration for regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Wang
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Shubin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou 341099, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuansong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiashu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Department of Regeneration Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Di Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; Department of Regeneration Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongxing Chu
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongying Huang
- Animal Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- Animal Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Shijuan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Huichao Xu
- Animal Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Bei Jia
- The Center for Prenatal and Hereditary Disease Diagnosis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhonghan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Jinglei Cai
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China.
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Grgurevic L, Novak R, Salai G, Trkulja V, Hamzic LF, Popovic VZ, Bozic D. Identification of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in the saliva after the placement of fixed orthodontic appliance. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:19. [PMID: 34250561 PMCID: PMC8273045 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted in order to explore the effects of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on the changes of salivary proteome. This prospective observational pilot study recruited 12 healthy teenage boys with malocclusion treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance and 6 appropriate control participants. Saliva samples were collected a day before and at 0, 2, 7, and 30 days after initialization of treatment, corresponding to the initial, lag, and post-lag phases of OTM. Pooled samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, ELISA, and Western blotting. To date, there is no published data on the presence of BMP molecules or their antagonists in the saliva or in the gingival cervical fluid related to orthodontic conditions. Results A total of 198 identified saliva proteins were classified based on their functional characteristics. Proteins involved in bone remodeling were observed exclusively 30 days post appliance placement, including bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a BMP antagonist BMP-binding endothelial regulator, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4, and fibroblast growth factor 5. Based on the analysis of protein interactions, BMP4 was found to have a central position in this OTM-related protein network. Conclusions The placement of a fixed orthodontic appliance induced occurrence of proteins involved in bone remodeling in the saliva at a time corresponding to the post-lag period of OTM. Limitations of this study include a relatively small sample size, limited time of monitoring patients, and the lack of interindividual variability assessment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40510-021-00364-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovorka Grgurevic
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Department of Anatomy, "Drago Perovic," School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ruder Novak
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grgur Salai
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lejla Ferhatovic Hamzic
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department of Proteomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Darko Bozic
- Department of Periodontology, University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Facilitation of Bone Healing Processes Based on the Developmental Function of Meox2 in Tooth Loss Lesion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228701. [PMID: 33218046 PMCID: PMC7698889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the bone healing capacity of Meox2, a homeobox gene that plays essential roles in the differentiation of a range of developing tissues, and identified its putative function in palatogenesis. We applied the knocking down of Meox2 in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to examine the osteogenic potential of Meox2. Additionally, we applied in vivo periodontitis induced experiment to reveal the possible application of Meox2 knockdown for 1 and 2 weeks in bone healing processes. We examined the detailed histomorphological changes using Masson’s trichrome staining and micro-computed tomography evaluation. Moreover, we observed the localization patterns of various signaling molecules, including α-SMA, CK14, IL-1β, and MPO to examine the altered bone healing processes. Furthermore, we investigated the process of bone formation using immunohistochemistry of Osteocalcin and Runx2. On the basis of the results, we suggest that the knocking down of Meox2 via the activation of osteoblast and modulation of inflammation would be a plausible answer for bone regeneration as a gene therapy. Additionally, we propose that the purpose-dependent selection and application of developmental regulation genes are important for the functional regeneration of specific tissues and organs, where the pathological condition of tooth loss lesion would be.
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Souza TA, Bezerra MM, Silva PGB, Costa JJN, Carneiro RFLA, Barcelos JOF, Vasconcelos BC, Chaves HV. Bone morphogenetic proteins in biomineralization of two endodontic restorative cements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:348-357. [PMID: 32830897 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of biodentine (BD) and MTA-angelus (MTA) on biocompatibility, BMP2, BMP4, and osteocalcin (OC) expression. Subcutaneously implanted tubes of four groups (MTA, BD, Control, and Sham) were kept over 15, 30, and 60 days; histological analyses were performed using H&E and Von Kossa; ELISA quantified IL-1β and IL-8 expression; and qRT-PCR verified gene expression of BMPs and OC. Sham showed slight changes in profile/intensity of inflammatory infiltrate in all periods. Control had an inflammatory score significantly higher than Sham at 15 days (p < .05). BD revealed a similar inflammatory response to Sham, without significant changes over periods. MTA group exhibited an increase in chronic inflammatory profile at 30 days, with significant reduction at 60 days, when compared to Sham (p < .05). At 30/60 days, experimental groups presented birefringent areas. At 30/60 days, BD and MTA significantly increase IL-1β compared to Control, whereas an increase in IL-8 was observed only in BD. At 30/60 days, BD produces an expression of BMP2 whereas MTA influenced BMP4 and OC. Materials tested are biocompatible and they have osteoinductive activity; the materials influenced the expression of the tested mediators differently, suggesting different affinities with the substrate and the dental substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A Souza
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará-Campus Sobral, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mirna M Bezerra
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará-Campus Sobral, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo G B Silva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José J N Costa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará-Campus Sobral, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno C Vasconcelos
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Dental School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hellíada V Chaves
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará-Campus Sobral, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Dental School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
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Zhang J, Liao L, Li Y, Xu Y, Guo W, Tian W, Zou S. Parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (1–34) promotes tooth eruption and inhibits osteogenesis of dental follicle cells during tooth development. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11900-11911. [PMID: 30584670 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Orthodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lijun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Orthodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Orthodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Orthodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Tsuchiya S, Chiba M, Kishimoto KN, Nakamura H, Tsuchiya M, Hayashi H. Transfer of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 gene into rat periodontal ligament by in vivo electroporation. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 74:123-132. [PMID: 27940045 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regulation of alveolar bone metabolism is required in clinical dentistry. The aim of the present study was to establish a method for gene transfer into the periodontal ligament (PDL) by in vivo electroporation with a plasmid vector and to investigate the effects of BMP-4 transfer into the PDL. DESIGN Plasmids containing mouse BMP-4 cDNA (pCAGGS-BMP4) were transfected into cultured rat PDL cells by in vitro electroporation, and BMP-4 production and secretion were detected by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Next, pCAGGS-BMP4 was injected into the PDL of rats, and electroporation was performed in vivo, using original paired-needle electrodes. BMP-4 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28days after electroporation. Control groups were injected with pCAGGS by electroporation, injected with pCAGGS-BMP4 without electroporation, or subjected to neither injection nor electroporation. RESULTS In vitro-transfected rat PDL cells exhibited production and secretion of the mature-form BMP-4. After in vivo electroporation of pCAGGS-BMP4, site-specific BMP-4 expression peaked on day 3, gradually decreased until day 14, and was absent by day 21. We observed no unfavorable effects such as inflammation, degeneration, or necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Gene transfer by electroporation with plasmid DNA vectors has several advantages over other methods, including the non-viral vector, non-immunogenic effects, site-specific expression, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and limited histological side effects. Our results indicate that the method is useful for gene therapy targeting the periodontal tissue, which regulates alveolar bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Tsuchiya
- Division of Oral Dysfunction Science, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Mirei Chiba
- Division of Oral Physiology, Department of Oral Function and Morphology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Koshi N Kishimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Harukazu Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences and Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Tsuchiya
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nursing, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, 981-8522, Japan; Division of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Haruhide Hayashi
- Division of Oral Physiology, Department of Oral Function and Morphology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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Minaříková M, Oralová V, Veselá B, Radlanski RJ, Matalová E. Osteogenic Profile of Mesenchymal Cell Populations Contributing to Alveolar Bone Formation. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:339-48. [PMID: 26451912 DOI: 10.1159/000439165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth develop within the surrounding periodontal tissues, involving the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum. The alveolar bone originates through the process of intramembranous ossification involving mesenchymal cells from the tooth germ. As most available data are related to endochondral ossification, we examined the molecular background of alveolar bone development. We investigated the osteogenic profile of mesenchymal cells dissected from mouse mandible slices at the stage of early alveolar bone formation. Relative monitoring of gene expression was undertaken using PCR Arrays; this included the profiles of 84 genes associated with osteogenesis. To examine the tooth-bone interface, stages with detectable changes in bone remodelling during development (E13.0, E14.0 and E15.0) were chosen and compared with each other. These results showed a statistically significant increase in the expression of the genes Fgf3, Ctsk, Icam-1, Mmp9, Itga3 and Tuft1, and of a wide range of collagens (Col1a2, Col3a1, Col7a1, Col12a1, Col14a1). Decreased expression was detected in the case of Col2a1, Sox9, Smad2 and Vegfb. To confirm these changes in gene expression, immunofluorescence analyses of Mmp9 and Sox9 proteins were performed in situ. Our research has identified several candidate genes that may be crucial for the initiation of alveolar bone formation and is the basis for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Minaříková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Alveolar bone remodeling is a continuous process that takes place during development and in response to various physiological and pathological stimuli. However, detailed knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms involved in alveolar bone development is still lacking. This study aims at improving our understanding of alveolar bone formation and the role of bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) in this process. Mice at embryonic (E) day 13.5 to postnatal (PN) day 15.5 were selected to observe the process of alveolar bone development. Alveolar bone development was found to be morphologically observable at E14.5. Molar teeth isolated from mice at PN7.5 were pretreated with Bmp2, Bmp4, Noggin, or BSA, and grafted subcutaneously into mice. The subcutaneously implanted tooth germs formed alveolar bone indicating the role of the dental follicle in alveolar bone development. Alveolar bone formation was increased after pretreatment with Bmp2 and Bmp4, but not with Noggin. Gene expression levels in dental follicle cells from murine molars were also determined by real-time RT-PCR. The expression levels of Runx2, Bsp, and Ocn were significantly higher in dental follicle cells cultured with Bmp2 or Bmp4, and significantly lower in those cultured with Noggin when compared with that of the BSA controls. Our results suggest that the dental follicle participates in alveolar bone formation and Bmp2/4 appears to accelerate alveolar bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ou
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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Abstract
The tooth works as a functional unit with its surrounding bony socket, the alveolar bone. The growth of the tooth and alveolar bone is co-ordinated so that a studied distance always separates the 2, known as the tooth-bone interface (TBI). Lack of mineralization, a crucial feature of the TBI, creates the space for the developing tooth to grow and the soft tissues of the periodontium to develop. We have investigated the interactions between the tooth and its surrounding bone during development, focusing on the impact of the developing alveolar bone on the development of the mouse first molar (M1). During development, TRAP-positive osteoclasts are found to line the TBI as bone starts to be deposited around the tooth, removing the bone as the tooth expands. An enhancement of osteoclastogenesis through RANK-RANKL signaling results in an expansion of the TBI, showing that osteoclasts are essential for defining the size of this region. Isolation of the M1 from the surrounding mesenchyme and alveolar bone leads to an expansion of the tooth germ, driven by increased proliferation, indicating that, during normal development, the growth of the tooth germ is constrained by the surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Alfaqeeh
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Orthodontics, King's College London, London, UK, SE1 9RT
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Haku K, Muramatsu T, Hara A, Kikuchi A, Hashimoto S, Inoue T, Shimono M. Epithelial cell rests of Malassez modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis via gap junctional communication under mechanical stretching in vitro. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2012; 52:173-82. [PMID: 22293587 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.52.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) are involved in the maintenance and homeostasis of the periodontal ligament. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mechanical stretching on cell growth, cell death and differentiation in the ERM. Cultured porcine ERM were stretched for 24 hr in cycles of 18% elongation for 1 sec followed by 1 sec relaxation. The numbers of cells and TUNEL-positive cells were then counted. The expression of mRNAs encoding gap junction protein α1 (Gja1), ameloblastin, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and noggin were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. The number of cells in the stretching group was approximately 1.3-fold higher than that in the non-stretching controls at 24 hr (p<0.01). Apoptotic cells ranged from 1.9-2.5% in the stretching group at 24 hr, but were only 0.6% in the control group (p<0.01). The expression of Gja1, ameloblastin and noggin mRNAs in the stretching group was decreased at 24 hr compared with in the non-stretching group (p<0.01), whereas the expression of BMP2 and BMP4 mRNAs in the stretching group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.01). Incorporation of 18 α-glycyrrhetinic acid (18GA, a gap junction inhibitor) promoted proliferation and apoptosis and confirmed both the increase of BMP2 and BMP4 and the decline of Gja1, ameloblastin and noggin in ERM. Thus, the ERM modulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, and inhibit differentiation by reducing expression of Gja1 under mechanical stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Haku
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, Japan
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Rothová M, Peterková R, Tucker AS. Fate map of the dental mesenchyme: dynamic development of the dental papilla and follicle. Dev Biol 2012; 366:244-54. [PMID: 22542602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
At the bud stage of tooth development the neural crest derived mesenchyme condenses around the dental epithelium. As the tooth germ develops and proceeds to the cap stage, the epithelial cervical loops grow and appear to wrap around the condensed mesenchyme, enclosing the cells of the forming dental papilla. We have fate mapped the dental mesenchyme, using in vitro tissue culture combined with vital cell labelling and tissue grafting, and show that the dental mesenchyme is a much more dynamic population then previously suggested. At the bud stage the mesenchymal cells adjacent to the tip of the bud form both the dental papilla and dental follicle. At the early cap stage a small population of highly proliferative mesenchymal cells in close proximity to the inner dental epithelium and primary enamel knot provide the major contribution to the dental papilla. These cells are located between the cervical loops, within a region we have called the body of the enamel organ, and proliferate in concert with the epithelium to create the dental papilla. The condensed dental mesenchymal cells that are not located between the body of the enamel organ, and therefore are at a distance from the primary enamel knot, contribute to the dental follicle, and also the apical part of the papilla, where the roots will ultimately develop. Some cells in the presumptive dental papilla at the cap stage contribute to the follicle at the bell stage, indicating that the dental papilla and dental follicle are still not defined populations at this stage. These lineage-tracing experiments highlight the difficulty of targeting the papilla and presumptive odontoblasts at early stages of tooth development. We show that at the cap stage, cells destined to form the follicle are still competent to form dental papilla specific cell types, such as odontoblasts, and produce dentin, if placed in contact with the inner dental epithelium. Cell fate of the dental mesenchyme at this stage is therefore determined by the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Rothová
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, Floor 27 Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, SE1 9RT, London, UK.
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13
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Scott MA, Levi B, Askarinam A, Nguyen A, Rackohn T, Ting K, Soo C, James AW. Brief review of models of ectopic bone formation. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:655-67. [PMID: 22085228 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic bone formation is a unique biologic entity--distinct from other areas of skeletal biology. Animal research models of ectopic bone formation most often employ rodent models and have unique advantages over orthotopic (bone) environments, including a relative lack of bone cytokine stimulation and cell-to-cell interaction with endogenous (host) bone-forming cells. This allows for relatively controlled in vivo experimental bone formation. A wide variety of ectopic locations have been used for experimentation, including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and kidney capsule transplantation. The method, benefits and detractions of each method are summarized in the following review. Briefly, subcutaneous implantation is the simplest method. However, the most pertinent concern is the relative paucity of bone formation in comparison to other models. Intramuscular implantation is also widely used and relatively simple, however intramuscular implants are exposed to skeletal muscle satellite progenitor cells. Thus, distinguishing host from donor osteogenesis becomes challenging without cell-tracking studies. The kidney capsule (perirenal or renal capsule) method is less widely used and more technically challenging. It allows for supraphysiologic blood and nutrient resource, promoting robust bone growth. In summary, ectopic bone models are extremely useful in the evaluation of bone-forming stem cells, new osteoinductive biomaterials, and growth factors; an appropriate choice of model, however, will greatly increase experimental success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Scott
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, Nevada, USA
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14
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Abstract
Noggin, along with other secreted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitors, plays a crucial role in neural induction and neural tube patterning as well as in somitogenesis, cardiac morphogenesis and formation of the skeleton in vertebrates. The BMP signalling pathway is one of the seven fundamental pathways that drive embryonic development and pattern formation in animals. Understanding its evolutionary origin and role in pattern formation is, therefore, important to evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). We have studied the evolutionary origin of BMP-Noggin antagonism in hydra, which is a powerful diploblastic model to study evolution of pattern-forming mechanisms because of the unusual cellular dynamics during its pattern formation and its remarkable ability to regenerate. We cloned and characterized the noggin gene from hydra and found it to exhibit considerable similarity with its orthologues at the amino acid level. Microinjection of hydra Noggin mRNA led to duplication of the dorsoventral axis in Xenopus embryos, demonstrating its functional conservation across the taxa. Our data, along with those of others, indicate that the evolutionarily conserved antagonism between BMP and its inhibitors predates bilateral divergence. This article reviews the various roles of Noggin in different organisms and some of our recent work on hydra Noggin in the context of evolution of developmental signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Chandramore
- Division of Animal Sciences, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411 004, India
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15
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Hughes FJ, Ghuman M, Talal A. Periodontal regeneration: a challenge for the tissue engineer? Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2010; 224:1345-58. [PMID: 21287824 DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis affects around 15 per cent of human adult populations. While periodontal treatment aimed at removing the bacterial cause of the disease is generally very successful, the ability predictably to regenerate the damaged tissues remains a major unmet objective for new treatment strategies. Existing treatments include the use of space-maintaining barrier membranes (guided tissue regeneration), use of graft materials, and application of bioactive molecules to induce regeneration, but their overall effects are relatively modest and restricted in application. The periodontal ligament is rich in mesenchymal stem cells, and the understanding of the signalling molecules that may regulate their differentation has increased enormously in recent years. Applying these principles for the development of new tissue engineering strategies for periodontal regeneration will require further work to determine the efficacy of current experimental preclinical treatments, including pharmacological application of growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) or Wnts, use of autologous stem cell reimplantation strategies, and development of improved biomaterial scaffolds. This article describes the background to this problem, addresses the current status of periodontal regeneration, including the background biology, and discusses the potential for some of these experimental therapies to achieve the goal of clinically predictable periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Hughes
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, Kings College London, London, UK.
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Fleischmannova J, Matalova E, Sharpe PT, Misek I, Radlanski RJ. Formation of the tooth-bone interface. J Dent Res 2009; 89:108-15. [PMID: 20042740 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509355440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Not only are teeth essential for mastication, but also missing teeth are considered a social handicap due to speech and aesthetic problems, with a resulting high impact on emotional well-being. Several treatment procedures are currently available for tooth replacement with mostly inert prosthetic materials and implants. Natural tooth substitution based on copying the developmental process of tooth formation is particularly challenging and creates a rapidly developing area of molecular dentistry. In any approach, functional interactions among the tooth, the surrounding bone, and the periodontium must be established. Therefore, recent research in craniofacial genetics searches for mechanisms responsible for correct cell and tissue interactions, not only within a specific structure, but also in the context of supporting structures. A tooth crown that is not functionally anchored to roots and bone is useless. This review aims to summarize the developmental and tissue homeostatic aspects of the tooth-bone interface, from the initial patterning toward tooth eruption and lifelong interactions between the tooth and its surrounding alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fleischmannova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
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Parsons KJ, Albertson RC. Roles for Bmp4 and CaM1 in Shaping the Jaw: Evo-Devo and Beyond. Annu Rev Genet 2009; 43:369-88. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Parsons
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244;
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Diep L, Matalova E, Mitsiadis TA, Tucker AS. Contribution of the tooth bud mesenchyme to alveolar bone. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2009; 312B:510-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chung IH, Yamaza T, Zhao H, Choung PH, Shi S, Chai Y. Stem cell property of postmigratory cranial neural crest cells and their utility in alveolar bone regeneration and tooth development. Stem Cells 2009; 27:866-77. [PMID: 19350689 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate neural crest is a multipotent cell population that gives rise to a variety of different cell types. We have discovered that postmigratory cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) maintain mesenchymal stem cell characteristics and show potential utility for the regeneration of craniofacial structures. We are able to induce the osteogenic differentiation of postmigratory CNCCs, and this differentiation is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathways. After transplantation into a host animal, postmigratory CNCCs form bone matrix. CNCC-formed bones are distinct from bones regenerated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, CNCCs support tooth germ survival via BMP signaling in our CNCC-tooth germ cotransplantation system. Thus, we conclude that postmigratory CNCCs preserve stem cell features, contribute to craniofacial bone formation, and play a fundamental role in supporting tooth organ development. These findings reveal a novel function for postmigratory CNCCs in organ development, and demonstrate the utility of these CNCCs in regenerating craniofacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hyuk Chung
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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21
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Overview : Developmental Biology of Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath (HERS) and Tooth Root Formation. J Oral Biosci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1349-0079(08)80001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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