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Gupta P, Strange K, Telange R, Guo A, Hatch H, Sobh A, Elie J, Carter AM, Totenhagen J, Tan C, Sonawane YA, Neuzil J, Natarajan A, Ovens AJ, Oakhill JS, Wiederhold T, Pacak K, Ghayee HK, Meijer L, Reddy S, Bibb JA. Genetic impairment of succinate metabolism disrupts bioenergetic sensing in adrenal neuroendocrine cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111218. [PMID: 35977518 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction mutations can impair energy sensing and cause cancer. Loss of function of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme subunit succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) results in various forms of cancer typified by pheochromocytoma (PC). Here we delineate a signaling cascade where the loss of SDHB induces the Warburg effect, triggers dysregulation of [Ca2+]i, and aberrantly activates calpain and protein kinase Cdk5, through conversion of its cofactor from p35 to p25. Consequently, aberrant Cdk5 initiates a phospho-signaling cascade where GSK3 inhibition inactivates energy sensing by AMP kinase through dephosphorylation of the AMP kinase γ subunit, PRKAG2. Overexpression of p25-GFP in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells also elicits this phosphorylation signaling and causes PC. A potent Cdk5 inhibitor, MRT3-007, reverses this phospho-cascade, invoking a senescence-like phenotype. This therapeutic approach halted tumor progression in vivo. Thus, we reveal an important mechanistic feature of metabolic sensing and demonstrate that its dysregulation underlies tumor progression in PC and likely other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Keehn Strange
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Rahul Telange
- Department of Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ailan Guo
- Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | - Heather Hatch
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Amin Sobh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jonathan Elie
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Hôtel de Recherche, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Angela M Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - John Totenhagen
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- UT Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yogesh A Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic; School of Pharmacy Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ashley J Ovens
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Florida College of Medicine and Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Laurent Meijer
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Hôtel de Recherche, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Sushanth Reddy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Baker JE, Plaska SW, Qin Z, Liu CJ, Rege J, Rainey WE, Udager AM. Targeted RNA sequencing of adrenal zones using immunohistochemistry-guided capture of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111296. [PMID: 33915228 PMCID: PMC8456741 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adequate access to fresh or frozen normal adrenal tissue has been a primary limitation to the enhanced characterization of the adrenal zones via RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Herein, we describe the application of targeted RNAseq to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) normal adrenal gland specimens. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to visualize and guide the capture of the adrenocortical zones and medulla. Following IHC-based tissue capture and isolation of RNA, high-throughput targeted RNAseq highlighted clear transcriptomic differences and identified differentially expressed genes among the adrenal zones. Our data demonstrate the ability to capture FFPE adrenal zone tissue for targeted transcriptomic analyses. Future comparison of normal adrenal zones will improve our understanding of transcriptomic patterns and help identify potential novel pathways controlling zone-specific steroid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Baker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samuel W Plaska
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhaoping Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juilee Rege
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William E Rainey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrine, and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Aaron M Udager
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Powers JF, Cochran B, Baleja JD, Sikes HD, Pattison AD, Zhang X, Lomakin I, Shepard-Barry A, Pacak K, Moon SJ, Langford TF, Stein KT, Tothill RW, Ouyang Y, Tischler AS. A xenograft and cell line model of SDH-deficient pheochromocytoma derived from Sdhb+/- rats. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:337-354. [PMID: 32252027 PMCID: PMC7219221 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumors caused by loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding TCA cycle enzymes have been recently discovered and are now of great interest. Mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits cause pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCPG) and syndromically associated tumors, which differ phenotypically and clinically from more common SDH-intact tumors of the same types. Consequences of SDH deficiency include rewired metabolism, pseudohypoxic signaling and altered redox balance. PCPG with SDHB mutations are particularly aggressive, and development of treatments has been hampered by lack of valid experimental models. Attempts to develop mouse models have been unsuccessful. Using a new strategy, we developed a xenograft and cell line model of SDH-deficient pheochromocytoma from rats with a heterozygous germline Sdhb mutation. The genome, transcriptome and metabolome of this model, called RS0, closely resemble those of SDHB-mutated human PCPGs, making it the most valid model now available. Strategies employed to develop RS0 may be broadly applicable to other SDH-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Powers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to J F Powers:
| | - Brent Cochran
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James D Baleja
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew D Pattison
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inna Lomakin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annette Shepard-Barry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Division National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sun Jin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Troy F Langford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kassi Taylor Stein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard W Tothill
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Arthur S Tischler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Intricacies of the Molecular Machinery of Catecholamine Biosynthesis and Secretion by Chromaffin Cells of the Normal Adrenal Medulla and in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081121. [PMID: 31390824 PMCID: PMC6721535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenal medulla is composed predominantly of chromaffin cells producing and secreting the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Catecholamine biosynthesis and secretion is a complex and tightly controlled physiologic process. The pathways involved have been extensively studied, and various elements of the underlying molecular machinery have been identified. In this review, we provide a detailed description of the route from stimulus to secretion of catecholamines by the normal adrenal chromaffin cell compared to chromaffin tumor cells in pheochromocytomas. Pheochromocytomas are adrenomedullary tumors that are characterized by uncontrolled synthesis and secretion of catecholamines. This uncontrolled secretion can be partly explained by perturbations of the molecular catecholamine secretory machinery in pheochromocytoma cells. Chromaffin cell tumors also include sympathetic paragangliomas originating in sympathetic ganglia. Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are usually locally confined tumors, but about 15% do metastasize to distant locations. Histopathological examination currently poorly predicts future biologic behavior, thus long term postoperative follow-up is required. Therefore, there is an unmet need for prognostic biomarkers. Clearer understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the secretory characteristics of pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas may offer one approach for the discovery of novel prognostic biomarkers for improved therapeutic targeting and monitoring of treatment or disease progression.
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Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: genotype versus anatomic location as determinants of tumor phenotype. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:347-365. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Fliedner SMJ, Shankavaram U, Marzouca G, Elkahloun A, Jochmanova I, Daerr R, Linehan WM, Timmers H, Tischler AS, Papaspyrou K, Brieger J, de Krijger R, Breza J, Eisenhofer G, Zhuang Z, Lehnert H, Pacak K. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α Mutation-Related Paragangliomas Classify as Discrete Pseudohypoxic Subcluster. Neoplasia 2017; 18:567-76. [PMID: 27659016 PMCID: PMC5031903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, activating mutations of the hypoxia-inducible factor 2α gene (HIF2A/EPAS1) have been recognized to predispose to multiple paragangliomas (PGLs) and duodenal somatostatinomas associated with polycythemia, and ocular abnormalities. Previously, mutations in the SDHA/B/C/D, SDHAF2, VHL, FH, PHD1, and PHD2 genes have been associated with HIF activation and the development of pseudohypoxic (cluster-1) PGLs. These tumors overlap in terms of tumor location, syndromic presentation, and noradrenergic phenotype to a certain extent. However, they also differ especially by clinical outcome and by presence of other tumors or abnormalities. In the present study, we aimed to establish additional molecular differences between HIF2A and non-HIF2A pseudohypoxic PGLs. RNA expression patterns of HIF2A PGLs (n = 6) from 2 patients were compared with normal adrenal medullas (n = 8) and other hereditary pseudohypoxic PGLs (VHL: n = 13, SDHB: n = 15, and SDHD: n = 14). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering showed that HIF2A PGLs made up a separate cluster from other pseudohypoxic PGLs. Significance analysis of microarray yielded 875 differentially expressed genes between HIF2A and other pseudohypoxic PGLs after normalization to adrenal medulla (false discovery rate 0.01). Prediction analysis of microarray allowed correct classification of all HIF2A samples based on as little as three genes (TRHDE, LRRC63, IGSF10; error rate: 0.02). Genes with the highest expression difference between normal medulla and HIF2A PGLs were selected for confirmatory quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, HIF2A PGLs show a characteristic expression signature that separates them from non-HIF2A pseudohypoxic PGLs. Unexpectedly, the most significantly differentially expressed genes have not been previously described as HIF target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M J Fliedner
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Geena Marzouca
- Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivana Jochmanova
- Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 1st Department of Internal Medicine Medical Faculty of P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Roland Daerr
- Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Institute of Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henri Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Konstantinos Papaspyrou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ronald de Krijger
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Breza
- Department of Urology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section of Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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High-throughput screening for the identification of new therapeutic options for metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90458. [PMID: 24699253 PMCID: PMC3974653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing or repositioning is an important part of drug discovery that has been growing in the last few years for the development of therapeutic options in oncology. We applied this paradigm in a screening of a library of about 3,800 compounds (including FDA-approved drugs and pharmacologically active compounds) employing a model of metastatic pheochromocytoma, the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children and adults. The collection of approved drugs was screened in quantitative mode, testing the compounds in compound-titration series (dose-response curves). Analysis of the dose-response screening data facilitated the selection of 50 molecules with potential bioactivity in pheochromocytoma cells. These drugs were classified based on molecular/cellular targets and signaling pathways affected, and selected drugs were further validated in a proliferation assay and by flow cytometric cell death analysis. Using meta-analysis information from molecular targets of the top drugs identified by our screening with gene expression data from human and murine microarrays, we identified potential drugs to be used as single drugs or in combination. An example of a combination with a synergistic effect is presented. Our study exemplifies a promising model to identify potential drugs from a group of clinically approved compounds that can more rapidly be implemented into clinical trials in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma.
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GAVRILOVIC LJUBICA, STOJILJKOVIC VESNA, KASAPOVIC JELENA, POPOVIC NATASA, PAJOVIC SNEZANAB, DRONJAK SLADJANA. Treadmill exercise does not change gene expression of adrenal catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in chronically stressed rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2013; 85:999-1012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652013005000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic isolation of adult animals represents a form of psychological stress that produces sympatho-adrenomedullar activation. Exercise training acts as an important modulator of sympatho-adrenomedullary system. This study aimed to investigate physical exercise-related changes in gene expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-ß-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding (CREB) in the adrenal medulla, concentrations of catecholamines and corticosterone (CORT) in the plasma and the weight of adrenal glands of chronically psychosocially stressed adult rats exposed daily to 20 min treadmill running for 12 weeks. Also, we examined how additional acute immobilization stress changes the mentioned parameters. Treadmill running did not result in modulation of gene expression of catecholamine synthesizing enzymes and it decreased the level of CREB mRNA in the adrenal medulla of chronically psychosocially stressed adult rats. The potentially negative physiological adaptations after treadmill running were recorded as increased concentrations of catecholamines and decreased morning CORT concentration in the plasma, as well as the adrenal gland hypertrophy of chronically psychosocially stressed rats. The additional acute immobilization stress increases gene expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the adrenal medulla, as well as catecholamines and CORT levels in the plasma. Treadmill exercise does not change the activity of sympatho-adrenomedullary system of chronically psychosocially stressed rats.
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9
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Shankavaram U, Fliedner SMJ, Elkahloun AG, Barb JJ, Munson PJ, Huynh TT, Matro JC, Turkova H, Linehan WM, Timmers HJ, Tischler AS, Powers JF, de Krijger R, Baysal BE, Takacova M, Pastorekova S, Gius D, Lehnert H, Camphausen K, Pacak K. Genotype and tumor locus determine expression profile of pseudohypoxic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Neoplasia 2013; 15:435-47. [PMID: 23555188 PMCID: PMC3612915 DOI: 10.1593/neo.122132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PHEOs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) related to mutations in the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits A, B, C, and D, SDH complex assembly factor 2, and the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) genes share a pseudohypoxic expression profile. However, genotype-specific differences in expression have been emerging. Development of effective new therapies for distinctive manifestations, e.g., a high rate of malignancy in SDHB- or predisposition to multifocal PGLs in SDHD patients, mandates improved stratification. To identify mutation/location-related characteristics among pseudohypoxic PHEOs/PGLs, we used comprehensive microarray profiling (SDHB: n = 18, SDHD-abdominal/thoracic (AT): n = 6, SDHD-head/neck (HN): n = 8, VHL: n = 13). To avoid location-specific bias, typical adrenal medulla genes were derived from matched normal medullas and cortices (n = 8) for data normalization. Unsupervised analysis identified two dominant clusters, separating SDHB and SDHD-AT PHEOs/PGLs (cluster A) from VHL PHEOs and SDHD-HN PGLs (cluster B). Supervised analysis yielded 6937 highly predictive genes (misclassification error rate of 0.175). Enrichment analysis revealed that energy metabolism and inflammation/fibrosis-related genes were most pronouncedly changed in clusters A and B, respectively. A minimum subset of 40 classifiers was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction vs. microarray: r = 0.87). Expression of several individual classifiers was identified as characteristic for VHL and SDHD-HN PHEOs and PGLs. In the present study, we show for the first time that SDHD-HN PGLs share more features with VHL PHEOs than with SDHD-AT PGLs. The presented data suggest novel subclassification of pseudohypoxic PHEOs/PGLs and implies cluster-specific pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephanie M J Fliedner
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Abdel G Elkahloun
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jenifer J Barb
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter J Munson
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Thanh T Huynh
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joey C Matro
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hana Turkova
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Henri J Timmers
- Department of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - James F Powers
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ronald de Krijger
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bora E Baysal
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Martina Takacova
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvia Pastorekova
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - David Gius
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg Northwestern Medical School, Chicago, IL
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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10
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Giubellino A, Bullova P, Nölting S, Turkova H, Powers JF, Liu Q, Guichard S, Tischler AS, Grossman AB, Pacak K. Combined inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways is a promising therapeutic option in inhibiting pheochromocytoma tumor growth: in vitro and in vivo studies in female athymic nude mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:646-55. [PMID: 23307788 PMCID: PMC3548182 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence, including the recent discovery of novel susceptibility genes, point out an important role for the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the development of pheochromocytoma. Analyzing a set of pheochromocytomas from patients with different genetic backgrounds, we observed and confirmed a significant overexpression of key mTOR complex (mTORC) signaling mediators. Using selective ATP-competitive inhibitors targeting both mTORC1 and mTORC2, we significantly arrested the in vitro cell proliferation and blocked migration of pheochromocytoma cells as a result of the pharmacological suppression of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, AZD8055, a selective ATP-competitive dual mTORC1/2 small molecular inhibitor, significantly reduced the tumor burden in a model of metastatic pheochromocytoma using female athymic nude mice. This study suggests that targeting both mTORC1 and mTORC2 is a potentially rewarding strategy and supports the application of selective inhibitors in combinatorial drug regimens for metastatic pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Giubellino
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Fliedner SMJ, Kaludercic N, Jiang XS, Hansikova H, Hajkova Z, Sladkova J, Limpuangthip A, Backlund PS, Wesley R, Martiniova L, Jochmanova I, Lendvai NK, Breza J, Yergey AL, Paolocci N, Tischler AS, Zeman J, Porter FD, Lehnert H, Pacak K. Warburg effect's manifestation in aggressive pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: insights from a mouse cell model applied to human tumor tissue. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40949. [PMID: 22859959 PMCID: PMC3409208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A glycolytic profile unifies a group of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PHEOs/PGLs) with distinct underlying gene defects, including von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) mutations. Nevertheless, their tumor aggressiveness is distinct: PHEOs/PGLs metastasize rarely in VHL-, but frequently in SDHB-patients. To date, the molecular mechanisms causing the more aggressive phenotype in SDHB-PHEOs/PGLs remain largely unknown. Recently, however, an excellent model to study aggressive PHEOs (mouse tumor tissue (MTT) cells) has been developed from mouse PHEO cells (MPC). We employed this model for a proteomics based approach to identify changes characteristic for tumor aggressiveness, which we then explored in a homogeneous set of human SDHB- and VHL-PHEOs/PGLs. The increase of glucose transporter 1 in VHL, and of hexokinase 2 in VHL and SDHB, confirmed their glycolytic profile. In agreement with the cell model and in support of decoupling of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), SDHB tumors showed increased lactate dehydrogenase levels. In SDHB-PGLs OXPHOS complex activity was increased at complex III and, as expected, decreased at complex II. Moreover, protein and mRNA expression of all tested OXPHOS-related genes were higher in SDHB- than in VHL-derived tumors. Although there was no direct evidence for increased reactive oxygen species production, elevated superoxide dismutase 2 expression may reflect elevated oxidative stress in SDHB-derived PHEOs/PGLs. For the first time, we show that despite dysfunction in complex II and evidence for a glycolytic phenotype, the Warburg effect does not seem to fully apply to SDHB-PHEOs/PGLs with respect to decreased OXPHOS. In addition, we present evidence for increased LDHA and SOD2 expression in SDHB-PHEOs/PGLs, proteins that have been proposed as promising therapeutic targets in other cancers. This study provides new insight into pathogenic mechanisms in aggressive human PHEOs/PGLs, which may lead to identifying new diagnostic and prognostic markers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. J. Fliedner
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- 1 Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Sheng Jiang
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hajkova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sladkova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Limpuangthip
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Backlund
- Section on Mass Spectrometry and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert Wesley
- Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lucia Martiniova
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ivana Jochmanova
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine Medical Faculty, P.J.Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Nikoletta K. Lendvai
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jan Breza
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alfred L. Yergey
- Section on Mass Spectrometry and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arthur S. Tischler
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiri Zeman
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- 1 Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karel Pacak
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang C, Matro JC, Huntoon KM, Ye DY, Huynh TT, Fliedner SMJ, Breza J, Zhuang Z, Pacak K. Missense mutations in the human SDHB gene increase protein degradation without altering intrinsic enzymatic function. FASEB J 2012; 26:4506-16. [PMID: 22835832 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-210146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the most aggressive and metastatic pheochromocytomas (PHEOs) and paragangliomas (PGLs). Although a variety of missense mutations in the coding sequence of the SDHB gene have been found in PHEOs and PGLs, it has been unclear whether these mutations impair mRNA expression, protein stability, subcellular localization, or intrinsic protein function. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of SDHB mRNA and protein expression from SDHB-related PHEOs and PGLs demonstrated intact mRNA expression but significantly reduced protein expression compared to non-SDHB PHEOs and PGLs. A pulse-chase assay of common SDHB missense mutations in transfected HeLa cell lines demonstrated that the loss of SDHB function was due to a reduction in mutant protein half-life, whereas colocalization of SDHB with mitochondria and immunoprecipitation with SDHA demonstrated intact subcellular localization and complex formation. The half-life of the SDHB protein increased after treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), implicating the protein quality control machinery in the degradation of mutant SDHB protein. These findings provide the first direct mechanism of functional loss resulting from SDHB mutations and suggest that reducing protein degradation with HDACis may serve as a novel therapeutic paradigm for preventing the development of SDHB-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhang Yang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1414, USA
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Chromaffin Progenitor Cells from the Adrenal Medulla. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:1417-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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