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Ikuta R, Hamada S. The presynaptic active zone protein Bassoon as a marker for synapses between Type III cells and afferent nerve fibers in taste buds. Chem Senses 2022; 47:6619055. [PMID: 35762653 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste buds are receptor organs for gustation. Two types of taste receptor cells have been identified in taste buds: Type II and Type III cells. Type III cells connect with afferent fibers through conventional chemical synapses. In the present study, we used immunocytochemistry to examine the distribution pattern of Bassoon, a scaffolding protein of the cytomatrix at the active zones of conventional synapses in mouse taste buds. Bassoon was predominantly detected as small puncta in Type III cells. Bassoon-immunoreactive puncta were observed in proximity to or partially overlapping with intragemmal nerve fibers. The distribution pattern of Bassoon in taste buds was similar among circumvallate, fungiform, and foliate taste buds. Immunoelectron microscopy showed Bassoon at the active zones of the conventional synapses of Type III cells in circumvallate taste buds. The present results demonstrate that Bassoon is a marker for synapses between Type III cells and afferent fibers in mouse taste buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio Ikuta
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1, Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8529, Japan
| | - Shun Hamada
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1, Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8529, Japan
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Zhang Y, Shi S, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Shanti RM, Le AD. SIS-ECM Laden with GMSC-Derived Exosomes Promote Taste Bud Regeneration. J Dent Res 2018; 98:225-233. [PMID: 30335555 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518804531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer has a high annual incidence rate all over the world, and the tongue is the most frequently affected anatomic structure. The current standard care is ablative surgery of malignant neoplasm, followed by tongue reconstruction with free flap. However, such reconstructive modalities with postsurgery radiotherapy or chemotherapy can hardly support the functional recovery of the tongue-particularly, functional taste bud regeneration-in reconstructed areas, thus seriously affecting patients' prognosis and life quality. Using a critical-sized tongue defect model in rats, we show that combinatory transplantation of small intestinal submucosa-extracellular matrix (SIS-ECM) with gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) or their derivative exosomes promoted tongue lingual papillae recovery and taste bud regeneration as evidenced by increased expression of CK14, CK8, and markers for type I, II, and III taste bud cells (NTPdase 2, PLC-β2, and AADC, respectively). In addition, our results indicate that GMSCs or their derivative exosomes could increase BDNF expression, a growth factor that plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial basal progenitor cells into taste bud cells. Meanwhile, we showed an elevated expression level of Shh-which is essential for development, homeostasis, and maintenance of the taste bud organ-in wounded areas of the tongue among animals treated with GMSC/SIS-ECM or exosome/SIS-ECM as compared with SIS-ECM control. Moreover, our data show that GMSCs or their derivative exosomes promoted innervation of regenerated taste buds, as evidenced by elevated expressions of neurofilament and P2X3 at the injury areas. Together, our findings indicate that GMSC/SIS-ECM and exosome/SIS-ECM constructs can facilitate taste bud regeneration and reinnervation with promising potential application in postsurgery tongue reconstruction of patients with tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,2 Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - S Shi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Q Xu
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Q Zhang
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R M Shanti
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,3 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A D Le
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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