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Cleuren A, Molema G. Organotypic heterogeneity in microvascular endothelial cell responses in sepsis-a molecular treasure trove and pharmacological Gordian knot. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1252021. [PMID: 38020105 PMCID: PMC10665520 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1252021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, it has become evident that endothelial cells (ECs) in the microvasculature play an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Studies on how ECs orchestrate leukocyte recruitment, control microvascular integrity and permeability, and regulate the haemostatic balance have provided a wealth of knowledge and potential molecular targets that could be considered for pharmacological intervention in sepsis. Yet, this information has not been translated into effective treatments. As MODS affects specific vascular beds, (organotypic) endothelial heterogeneity may be an important contributing factor to this lack of success. On the other hand, given the involvement of ECs in sepsis, this heterogeneity could also be leveraged for therapeutic gain to target specific sites of the vasculature given its full accessibility to drugs. In this review, we describe current knowledge that defines heterogeneity of organ-specific microvascular ECs at the molecular level and elaborate on studies that have reported EC responses across organ systems in sepsis patients and animal models of sepsis. We discuss hypothesis-driven, single-molecule studies that have formed the basis of our understanding of endothelial cell engagement in sepsis pathophysiology, and include recent studies employing high-throughput technologies. The latter deliver comprehensive data sets to describe molecular signatures for organotypic ECs that could lead to new hypotheses and form the foundation for rational pharmacological intervention and biomarker panel development. Particularly results from single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics studies are eagerly awaited as they are expected to unveil the full spatiotemporal signature of EC responses to sepsis. With increasing awareness of the existence of distinct sepsis subphenotypes, and the need to develop new drug regimen and companion diagnostics, a better understanding of the molecular pathways exploited by ECs in sepsis pathophysiology will be a cornerstone to halt the detrimental processes that lead to MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Cleuren
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Grietje Molema
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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2
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Hu G, Zhang T. Isolation and culture of rat intestinal mucosal microvascular endothelial cells using immunomagnetic beads. J Immunol Methods 2022; 507:113296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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3
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Van der Ent MA, Svilar D, Cleuren AC. Molecular analysis of vascular gene expression. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12718. [PMID: 35599705 PMCID: PMC9118339 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A State of the Art lecture entitled "Molecular Analysis of Vascular Gene Expression" was presented at the ISTH Congress in 2021. Endothelial cells (ECs) form a critical interface between the blood and underlying tissue environment, serving as a reactive barrier to maintain tissue homeostasis. ECs play an important role in not only coagulation, but also in the response to inflammation by connecting these two processes in the host defense against pathogens. Furthermore, ECs tailor their behavior to the needs of the microenvironment in which they reside, resulting in a broad display of EC phenotypes. While this heterogeneity has been acknowledged for decades, the contributing molecular mechanisms have only recently started to emerge due to technological advances. These include high-throughput sequencing combined with methods to isolate ECs directly from their native tissue environment, as well as sequencing samples at a high cellular resolution. In addition, the newest technologies simultaneously quantitate and visualize a multitude of RNA transcripts directly in tissue sections, thus providing spatial information. Understanding how ECs function in (patho)physiological conditions is crucial to develop new therapeutics as many diseases can directly affect the endothelium. Of particular relevance for thrombotic disorders, EC dysfunction can lead to a procoagulant, proinflammatory phenotype with increased vascular permeability that can result in coagulopathy and tissue damage, as seen in a number of infectious diseases, including sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019. In light of the current pandemic, we will summarize relevant new data on the latter topic presented during the 2021 ISTH Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Svilar
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Audrey C.A. Cleuren
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Cardiovascular Biology Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
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4
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Molema G, Zijlstra JG, van Meurs M, Kamps JAAM. Renal microvascular endothelial cell responses in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:95-112. [PMID: 34667283 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells in the kidney have been a neglected cell type in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (sepsis-AKI) research; yet, they offer tremendous potential as pharmacological targets. As endothelial cells in distinct cortical microvascular segments are highly heterogeneous, this Review focuses on endothelial cells in their anatomical niche. In animal models of sepsis-AKI, reduced glomerular blood flow has been attributed to inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation in arterioles and glomeruli, whereas decreased cortex peritubular capillary perfusion is associated with epithelial redox stress. Elevated systemic levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, reduced levels of circulating sphingosine 1-phosphate and loss of components of the glycocalyx from glomerular endothelial cells lead to increased microvascular permeability. Although coagulation disbalance occurs in all microvascular segments, the molecules involved differ between segments. Induction of the expression of adhesion molecules and leukocyte recruitment also occurs in a heterogeneous manner. Evidence of similar endothelial cell responses has been found in kidney and blood samples from patients with sepsis. Comprehensive studies are needed to investigate the relationships between segment-specific changes in the microvasculature and kidney function loss in sepsis-AKI. The application of omics technologies to kidney tissues from animals and patients will be key in identifying these relationships and in developing novel therapeutics for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grietje Molema
- Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Jan G Zijlstra
- Dept. Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Dept. Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan A A M Kamps
- Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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5
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Partial Deletion of Tie2 Affects Microvascular Endothelial Responses to Critical Illness in A Vascular Bed and Organ-Specific Way. Shock 2020; 51:757-769. [PMID: 30520765 PMCID: PMC6511431 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Tyrosine kinase receptor (Tie2) is mainly expressed by endothelial cells. In animal models mimicking critical illness, Tie2 levels in organs are temporarily reduced. Functional consequences of these reduced Tie2 levels on microvascular endothelial behavior are unknown. We investigated the effect of partial deletion of Tie2 on the inflammatory status of endothelial cells in different organs. Newly generated heterozygous Tie2 knockout mice (exon 9 deletion, ΔE9/Tie2+/−) exhibiting 50% reduction in Tie2 mRNA and protein, and wild-type littermate controls (Tie2+/+), were subjected to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS + R), or challenged with i.p. lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Kidney, liver, lung, heart, brain, and intestine were analyzed for mRNA levels of adhesion molecules E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and CD45. Exposure to HS + R did not result in different expression responses of these molecules between organs from Tie2+/− or Tie2+/+ mice and sham-operated mice. In contrast, the LPS-induced mRNA expression levels of E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1, and CD45 in organs were attenuated in Tie2+/− mice when compared with Tie2+/+ mice in kidney and liver, but not in the other organs studied. Furthermore, reduced expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 protein, and reduced influx of CD45+ cells upon LPS exposure, was visible in a microvascular bed-specific pattern in kidney and liver of Tie2+/− mice compared with controls. In contrast to the hypothesis that a disbalance in the Ang/Tie2 system leads to increased microvascular inflammation, heterozygous deletion of Tie2 is associated with an organ-restricted, microvascular bed-specific attenuation of endothelial inflammatory response to LPS.
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6
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Early Heterogenic Response of Renal Microvasculature to Hemorrhagic Shock/Resuscitation and the Influence of NF-κB Pathway Blockade. Shock 2020; 51:200-212. [PMID: 29470361 PMCID: PMC6319598 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is associated with low blood pressure due to excessive loss of circulating blood and causes both macrocirculatory and microcirculatory dysfunction. Fluid resuscitation after HS is used in the clinic to restore tissue perfusion. The persistent microcirculatory damage caused by HS and/or resuscitation can result in multiple organ damage, with the kidney being one of the involved organs. The kidney microvasculature consists of different segments that possess a remarkable heterogeneity in functional properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory responses of these different renal microvascular segments, i.e., arterioles, glomeruli, and postcapillary venules, to HS and resuscitation (HS/R) in mice and to explore the effects of intervention with a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor on these responses. We found that HS/R disturbed the balance of the angiopoietin-Tie2 ligand-receptor system, especially in the glomeruli. Furthermore, endothelial adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines were markedly upregulated by HS/R, with the strongest responses occurring in the glomerular and postcapillary venous segments. Blockade of NF-κB signaling during the resuscitation period only slightly inhibited HS/R-induced inflammatory activation, possibly because NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation already occurred during the HS period. In summary, although all three renal microvascular segments were activated upon HS/R, responses of endothelial cells in glomeruli and postcapillary venules to HS/R, as well as to NF-κB inhibition were stronger than those in arterioles. NF-κB inhibition during the resuscitation phase does not effectively counteract NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation initiating inflammatory gene transcription.
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7
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Combining laser microdissection and microRNA expression profiling to unmask microRNA signatures in complex tissues. Biotechniques 2019; 67:276-285. [PMID: 31621384 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglecting tissue heterogeneity during the analysis of microRNA (miRNA) levels results in average signals from an unknown mixture of different cell types that are difficult to interpret. Here we demonstrate the technical requirements needed to obtain high-quality, quantitative miRNA expression information from tumor tissue compartments obtained by laser microdissection (LMD). Furthermore, we show the significance of disentangling tumor tissue heterogeneity by applying the newly developed protocols for combining LMD of tumor tissue compartments with RT-qPCR analysis to reveal compartment-specific miRNA expression signatures. An important advantage of this strategy is that the miRNA signature can be directly linked to histopathology. In summary, combining LMD and RT-qPCR is a powerful approach for spatial miRNA expression analysis in complex tissues, enabling discovery of disease mechanisms, biomarkers and drug candidates.
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8
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Güzel C, Govorukhina NI, Wisman GBA, Stingl C, Dekker LJM, Klip HG, Hollema H, Guryev V, Horvatovich PL, van der Zee AGJ, Bischoff R, Luider TM. Proteomic alterations in early stage cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18128-18147. [PMID: 29719595 PMCID: PMC5915062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) allows the capture of cell types or well-defined structures in tissue. We compared in a semi-quantitative way the proteomes from an equivalent of 8,000 tumor cells from patients with squamous cell cervical cancer (SCC, n = 22) with healthy epithelial and stromal cells obtained from normal cervical tissue (n = 13). Proteins were enzymatically digested into peptides which were measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry and analyzed by “all-or-nothing” analysis, Bonferroni, and Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing. By comparing LCM cell type preparations, 31 proteins were exclusively found in early stage cervical cancer (n = 11) when compared with healthy epithelium and stroma, based on criteria that address specificity in a restrictive “all-or-nothing” way. By Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, 30 proteins were significantly up-regulated between early stage cervical cancer and healthy control, including six members of the MCM protein family. MCM proteins are involved in DNA repair and expected to be participating in the early stage of cancer. After a less stringent Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, we found that the abundances of 319 proteins were significantly different between early stage cervical cancer and healthy controls. Four proteins were confirmed in digests of whole tissue lysates by Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis using correction for multiple testing by permutation resulted in two networks that were differentially regulated in early stage cervical cancer compared with healthy tissue. From these networks, we learned that specific tumor mechanisms become effective during the early stage of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coşkun Güzel
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia I Govorukhina
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Stingl
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard J M Dekker
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Harry G Klip
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Hollema
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Ate G J van der Zee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
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9
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Abstract
In patients with sepsis-induced multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, diverging patterns of oedema formation and loss of function in organs such as lung and kidney suggest that endothelial permeability-regulating molecular responses are differentially regulated. This potential differential regulation has been insufficiently studied at the level of components of adherens and tight junctions. We hypothesized that such a regulation by endothelial cells in sepsis takes place in an organ-specific manner. We addressed our hypothesis by studying by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction the expression of a predefined subset of EC permeability-related molecules (occludin, claudin-5, PV-1, CD-31, endomucin, Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, Tie2, VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VE-cadherin) in kidney and lung after systemic lipopolysacharide injection in mice, and in kidneys of patients who died of sepsis. We showed that baseline endothelial expression of permeability-related molecules differs in mouse kidney and lung. Moreover, we showed differential regulation of these molecules after lipopolysacharide injection in the two mouse organs. In lung we found a decrease in expression levels of molecules of the adherence and tight junctions complex and related signaling systems, compatible with increased permeability. In contrast, in kidney we found expression patterns of these molecules compatible with decreased permeability. Finally, we partially corroborated our findings in mouse kidney in human kidneys from septic patients. These findings may help to understand the clinical difference in the extent of oedema formation in kidney and lung in sepsis-associated organ failure.
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Taverna D, Mignogna C, Gabriele C, Santise G, Donato G, Cuda G, Gaspari M. An optimized procedure for on-tissue localized protein digestion and quantification using hydrogel discs and isobaric mass tags: analysis of cardiac myxoma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2919-2930. [PMID: 28190108 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An optimized workflow for multiplexed and spatially localized on-tissue quantitative protein analysis is here presented. The method is based on the use of an enzyme delivery platform, a polymeric hydrogel disc, allowing for a localized digestion directly onto the tissue surface coupled with an isobaric mass tag strategy for peptide labeling and relative quantification. The digestion occurs within such hydrogels, followed by peptide solvent extraction and identification by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Since this is a histology-directed on-tissue analysis, multiple hydrogels were placed onto morphologically and spatially different regions of interest (ROIs) within the tissue surface, e.g., cardiac myxoma tumor vascularized region and the adjacent hypocellular area. After a microwave digestion step (2 min), enzymatically cleaved peptides were labeled using TMT reagents with isobaric mass tags, enabling analysis of multiple samples per experiment. Thus, N = 8 hydrogel-digested samples from cardiac myxoma serial tissue sections (N = 4 from the vascularized ROIs and N = 4 from the adjacent hypocellular areas) were processed and then combined before a single LC-MS/MS analysis. Regulated proteins from both cardiac myxoma regions were assayed in a single experiment. Graphical abstract The workflow for histology-guided on-tissue localized protein digestion followed by isobaric mass tagging and LC-MS/MS analysis for proteins quantification is here summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Taverna
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Science, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Gabriele
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santise
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, Via Pio X, 111, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Health Science, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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11
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Naftali O, Maman S, Meshel T, Sagi-Assif O, Ginat R, Witz IP. PHOX2B is a suppressor of neuroblastoma metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10627-37. [PMID: 26840262 PMCID: PMC4891146 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) is a minimal residual disease (MRD) marker of neuroblastoma. The presence of MRD, also referred to as micro-metastases, is a powerful marker of poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. Lung metastasis is considered a terminal event in neuroblastoma. Lung micro-metastatic neuroblastoma (MicroNB) cells show high expression levels of PHOX2B and possess a less malignant and metastatic phenotype than lung macro metastatic neuroblastoma (MacroNB) cells, which hardly express PHOX2B. In vitro assays showed that PHOX2B knockdown in MicroNB cells did not affect cell viability; however it decreased the migratory capacity of the MicroNB-shPHOX2B cells. An orthotopic inoculation of MicroNB-shPHOX2B cells into the adrenal gland of nude mice resulted in significantly larger primary tumors and a heavier micro-metastatic load in the lungs and bone-marrow, than when control cells were inoculated. PHOX2B expression was found to be regulated by methylation. The PHOX2B promoter in MacroNB cells is significantly more methylated than in MicroNB cells. Demethylation assays using 5-azacytidine demonstrated that methylation can indeed inhibit PHOX2B transcription in MacroNB cells. These pre-clinical data strongly suggest that PHOX2B functions as a suppressor of neuroblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Naftali
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Shelly Maman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Ravit Ginat
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
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12
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Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and IκB Kinase/Nuclear Factor-κB Blockade Ameliorate Microvascular Proinflammatory Responses Associated With Hemorrhagic Shock/Resuscitation in Mice*. Crit Care Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Taverna D, Pollins AC, Nanney LB, Sindona G, Caprioli RM. Histology-guided protein digestion/extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded pressure ulcer biopsies. Exp Dermatol 2015; 25:143-6. [PMID: 26440596 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a simple, reproducible and versatile approach for in situ protein digestion and identification on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. This adaptation is based on the use of an enzyme delivery platform (hydrogel discs) that can be positioned on the surface of a tissue section. By simultaneous deposition of multiple hydrogels over select regions of interest within the same tissue section, multiple peptide extracts can be obtained from discrete histological areas. After enzymatic digestion, the hydrogel extracts are submitted for LC-MS/MS analysis followed by database inquiry for protein identification. Further, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is used to reveal the spatial distribution of the identified peptides within a serial tissue section. Optimization was achieved using cutaneous tissue from surgically excised pressure ulcers that were subdivided into two prime regions of interest: the wound bed and the adjacent dermal area. The robust display of tryptic peptides within these spectral analyses of histologically defined tissue regions suggests that LC-MS/MS in combination with IMS can serve as useful exploratory tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Taverna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alonda C Pollins
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lillian B Nanney
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Abrupt reflow enhances cytokine-induced proinflammatory activation of endothelial cells during simulated shock and resuscitation. Shock 2015; 42:356-64. [PMID: 25051282 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulatory shock and resuscitation are associated with systemic hemodynamic changes, which may contribute to the development of MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome). In this study, we used an in vitro flow system to simulate the consecutive changes in blood flow as occurring during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in vivo. We examined the kinetic responses of different endothelial genes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells preconditioned to 20 dyne/cm unidirectional laminar shear stress for 48 h to flow cessation and abrupt reflow, respectively, as well as the effect of flow cessation and reflow on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced endothelial proinflammatory activation. Endothelial CD31 and VE-cadherin were not affected by the changes in flow in the absence or presence of TNF-α. The messenger RNA levels of proinflammatory molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), and IL-8 (interleukin 8) were significantly induced by flow cessation respectively acute reflow, whereas ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) was downregulated on flow cessation and induced by subsequent acute reflow. Flow cessation also affected the Ang/Tie2 (Angiopoietin/Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase) system by downregulating Tie2 and inducing its endothelial ligand Ang2, an effect that was further extended on acute reflow. Furthermore, the induction of proinflammatory adhesion molecules by TNF-α under flow cessation was significantly enhanced on subsequent acute reflow. This study demonstrated that flow alterations per se during shock and resuscitation contribute to endothelial activation and that these alterations interact with proinflammatory factors coexisting in vivo such as TNF-α. The abrupt reflow-related enhancement of cytokine-induced endothelial proinflammatory activation supports the concept that sudden regain of flow during resuscitation has an aggravating effect on endothelial activation, which may play a significant role in vascular dysfunction and consequent organ injury. This study implies that the improvement of resuscitation strategies and the pharmacological interference with proinflammatory signaling cascades at the right time of resuscitation of shock patients may be beneficial to regain and/or maintain organ function in patients after circulatory shock.
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15
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Parker SJ, Raedschelders K, Van Eyk JE. Emerging proteomic technologies for elucidating context-dependent cellular signaling events: A big challenge of tiny proportions. Proteomics 2015; 15:1486-502. [PMID: 25545106 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cell signaling events either drive or compensate for nearly all pathologies. A thorough description and quantification of maladaptive signaling flux in disease is a critical step in drug development, and complex proteomic approaches can provide valuable mechanistic insights. Traditional proteomics-based signaling analyses rely heavily on in vitro cellular monoculture. The characterization of these simplified systems generates a rich understanding of the basic components and complex interactions of many signaling networks, but they cannot capture the full complexity of the microenvironments in which pathologies are ultimately made manifest. Unfortunately, techniques that can directly interrogate signaling in situ often yield mass-limited starting materials that are incompatible with traditional proteomics workflows. This review provides an overview of established and emerging techniques that are applicable to context-dependent proteomics. Analytical approaches are illustrated through recent proteomics-based studies in which selective sample acquisition strategies preserve context-dependent information, and where the challenge of minimal starting material is met by optimized sensitivity and coverage. This review is organized into three major technological themes: (i) LC methods in line with MS; (ii) antibody-based approaches; (iii) MS imaging with a discussion of data integration and systems modeling. Finally, we conclude with future perspectives and implications of context-dependent proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Parker
- Department of Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Taverna D, Norris JL, Caprioli RM. Histology-directed microwave assisted enzymatic protein digestion for MALDI MS analysis of mammalian tissue. Anal Chem 2014; 87:670-6. [PMID: 25427280 PMCID: PMC4287167 DOI: 10.1021/ac503479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
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This study presents on-tissue proteolytic
digestion using a microwave
irradiation and peptide extraction method for in situ analysis of proteins from spatially defined regions of a tissue
section. The methodology utilizes hydrogel discs (1 mm diameter) embedded
with trypsin solution. The enzyme-laced hydrogel discs are applied
to a tissue section, directing enzymatic digestion to a spatially
confined area of the tissue. By applying microwave radiation, protein
digestion is performed in 2 min on-tissue, and the extracted peptides
are then analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass
spectrometry (MALDI MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS). The reliability and reproducibility of the microwave assisted
hydrogel mediated on-tissue digestion is demonstrated by the comparison
with other on-tissue digestion strategies, including comparisons with
conventional heating and in-solution digestion. LC-MS/MS data were
evaluated considering the number of identified proteins as well as
the number of protein groups and distinct peptides. The results of
this study demonstrate that rapid and reliable protein digestion can
be performed on a single thin tissue section while preserving the
relationship between the molecular information obtained and the tissue
architecture, and the resulting peptides can be extracted in sufficient
abundance to permit analysis using LC-MS/MS. This approach will be
most useful for samples that have limited availability but are needed
for multiple analyses, especially for the correlation of proteomics
data with histology and immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Taverna
- Department of Chemistry and Technological Chemistry, University of Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy
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