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She Y, Ren R, Jiang N. Mechanical stress can regulate temporomandibular joint cavitation via signalling pathways. Dev Biol 2024; 507:1-8. [PMID: 38114053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), composed of temporal fossa, mandibular condyle and a fibrocartilage disc with upper and lower cavities, is the biggest synovial joint and biomechanical hinge of the craniomaxillofacial musculoskeletal system. The initial events that give rise to TMJ cavities across diverse species are not fully understood. Most studies focus on the pivotal role of molecules such as Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in TMJ cavitation. Although biologists have observed that mechanical stress plays an irreplaceable role in the development of biological tissues and organs, few studies have been concerned with how mechanical stress regulates TMJ cavitation. Based on the evidence from human or other animal embryos today, it is implicated that mechanical stress plays an essential role in TMJ cavitation. In this review, we discuss the relationship between mechanical stress and TMJ cavitation from evo-devo perspectives and review the clinical features and potential pathogenesis of TMJ dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin She
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Xiang L, Li Y, Wang X, Liu H, Chang P, Mu X, Tianteng T, Hu M. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies of condylar ossification of the temporomandibular joint in porcine embryos. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:294-305. [PMID: 37259472 PMCID: PMC10486337 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ossification mechanism of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle remains unclear in human embryo. The size and structure of TMJ, shape of articular disc and the characteristics of omnivorous chewing in the pig are similar to those of humans. The pig is an ideal animal for studying the mechanism of ossification of the TMJ condyle during the embryonic period. METHOD In a previous study by our group, it was found that there was no condylar ossification on embryonic day(E) 45, but the ossification of condyle occurred between E75 and E90. In this study, a total of 12 miniature pig embryos on E45 and E85 were used. Six embryos were used for tissue sections (3 in each group). The remaining six embryos were used for transcriptomic and proteomic studies to find differential genes and proteins. The differentially expressed genes in transcriptome and proteomic analysis were verified by QPCR. RESULTS In total, 1592 differential genes comprising 1086 up-regulated genes and 506 down-regulated genes were screened for fold changes of ≥2 to ≤0.5 between E45 and E85. In the total of 4613 proteins detected by proteomic analysis, there were 419 differential proteins including 313 up-regulated proteins and 106 down-regulated proteins screened for fold changes of ≥2 to ≤0.5 between E45 and E85. A total of 36 differential genes differing in both transcriptome and proteome analysis were found. QPCR analysis showed that 14 of 15 selected genes were consistent with transcriptome analysis. CONCLUSION Condylar transcriptome and proteomic analysis during the development of TMJ in miniature pigs revealed the regulatory genes/proteins of condylar ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiang
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsBeijingChina
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Department of StomatologyBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
| | - HuaWei Liu
- Department of Stomatologythe First Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Stomatologythe First Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodan Mu
- Department of Stomatologythe First Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Tengyue Tianteng
- State Key Laboratory of West China College of StomatologySichuan UniversityCheng DuChina
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Stomatologythe First Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Zhao Y, An Y, Zhou L, Wu F, Wu G, Wang J, Chen L. Animal Models of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: Classification and Selection. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859517. [PMID: 35574432 PMCID: PMC9095932 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a common degenerative joint disease that can cause severe pain and dysfunction. It has a serious impact on the quality of lives of patients. Since mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of TMJOA is not fully understood, the development of effective tools for early diagnosis and disease-modifying therapies has been hindered. Animal models play a key role in understanding the pathological process of diseases and evaluating new therapeutic interventions. Although some similarities in disease processes between animals and humans are known, no one animal model is sufficient for studying all characteristics of TMJOA, as each model has different translatability to human clinical conditions. For the past 4 decades, TMJOA animal models have been studied by numerous researchers and can be broadly divided into induced, naturally occurring, and genetically modified models. The induced models can be divided into invasive models (intra-articular injection and surgical induction) or non-invasive models (mechanical loading, high-fat diet, and sleep deprivation). Different types of animal models simulate different pathological expressions of TMJOA and have their unique characteristics. Currently, mice, rats, and rabbits are commonly used in the study of TMJOA. This review sought to provide a general description of current experimental models of TMJOA and assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate models for different kinds of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanxin An
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Libo Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Gaoyi Wu
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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4
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Xiang L, Wang X, Li Y, Liu HW, Zhang X, Mu X, Liu C, Hu M. Development of the temporomandibular joint in miniature pig embryos. J Morphol 2021; 283:134-143. [PMID: 34800049 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint involved in sliding and hinge movements of lower jaw in mammals. Studies on TMJ development in embryos have been mainly performed using rodents. However, the TMJ structure in rodents differs in several aspects from that in humans. There are few studies on the embryonic development of TMJ in large mammals. In the present study, we investigated the embryonic developmental characteristics of the TMJ in pigs histologically. Embryonic day 35 (E35), E45, E55, E75, E90, and postnatal day 1(P1) embryos/fetuses from the pigs were used for the study. The results showed condensation of mesenchymal cells on E35. The inferior articular cavity was formed on E45, together with a narrow crack in the superior articular cavity region. The superior and inferior articular cavities and articular disc of the TMJ were completely formed on E55. On E75, the condyle showed an obvious conical shape and the superior and inferior joint cavities were enlarged. Furthermore, the mandibular ramus and mandibular body under the neck of the condyle were ossified from E75 to P1 day. The chondrocyte layer of the condyle was significantly thinner from E75 to P1. It is speculated that the spatiotemporal development of the TMJ in miniature pig embryos is similar to that in humans. Embryonic development of the pig TMJ is an important bridge for translating the results of rodent research to medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiang
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhua Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Mu
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changkui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Testori A, Lasorsa VA, Cimmino F, Cantalupo S, Cardinale A, Avitabile M, Limongelli G, Russo MG, Diskin S, Maris J, Devoto M, Keavney B, Cordell HJ, Iolascon A, Capasso M. Exploring Shared Susceptibility between Two Neural Crest Cells Originating Conditions: Neuroblastoma and Congenital Heart Disease. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090663. [PMID: 31480262 PMCID: PMC6771154 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past years, genome wide association studies (GWAS) have provided evidence that inter-individual susceptibility to diverse pathological conditions can reveal a common genetic architecture. Through the analysis of congenital heart disease (CHD) and neuroblastoma (NB) GWAS data, we aimed to dissect the genetic susceptibility shared between these conditions, which are known to arise from neural crest cell (NCC) migration or development abnormalities, via identification and functional characterization of common regions of association. Two loci (2q35 and 3q25.32) harbor single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated at a p-value < 10-3 with conotruncal malformations and ventricular septal defect respectively, as well as with NB. In addition, the lead SNP in 4p16.2 for atrial septal defect and the lead SNP in 3q25.32 for tetralogy of Fallot are less than 250 Kb distant from the lead SNPs for NB at the same genomic regions. Some of these shared susceptibility loci regulate the expression of relevant genes involved in NCC formation and developmental processes (such as BARD1, MSX1, and SHOX2) and are enriched in several epigenetic markers from NB and fetal heart cell lines. Although the clinical correlation between NB and CHD is unclear, our exploration of a possible common genetic basis between NB and a subset of cardiac malformations can help shed light on their shared embryological origin and pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Testori
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Vito A Lasorsa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Sueva Cantalupo
- IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Cardinale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Avitabile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Division of Cardiology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - AO dei Colli, Presidio Monaldi, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Russo
- Division of Cardiology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - AO dei Colli, Presidio Monaldi, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Sharon Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, 80143 Naples, Italy.
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Takahashi M, Fujikawa K, Angammana R, Shibata S. An in situ hybridization study of MMP-2, -9, -13, -14, TIMP-1, and -2 mRNA in fetal mouse mandibular condylar cartilage as compared with limb bud cartilage. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 32:1-11. [PMID: 30822518 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this in situ hybridization study was to investigate MMPs and TIMPs mRNA expression in developing mandibular condylar cartilage and limb bud cartilage. At E14.0, MMP-2, -14, TIMP-1 and -2 mRNAs were expressed in the periosteum of mandibular bone, and in the condylar anlage. At E15.0 MMP-2, -14, TIMP-1 and -2 mRNAs were expressed in the perichondrium of newly formed condylar cartilage and the periosteum of developing bone collar, whereas, expression of MMP-14 and TIMP-1 mRNAs were restricted to the inner layer of the periosteum/perichondrium. This expression patterns continued until E18.0. Further, from E13.0 to 14.0, in the developing tibial cartilage, MMP-2, -14, and TIMP-2 mRNAs were expressed in the periosteum/perichondrium, but weak MMP-14 and no TIMP-1 mRNA expression was recognized in the perichondrium. These results confirmed that the perichondrium of condylar cartilage has characteristics of periosteum, and suggested that MMPs and/or TIMPs are more actively involved in the development of condylar (secondary) cartilage than tibial (primary) cartilage. MMP-9-positive cells were observed in the bone collar of both types of cartilage, and they were consistent with osteoclasts/chondroclasts. MMP-13 mRNA expression was restricted to the chondrocytes of the lower hypertrophic cell zone in tibial cartilage at E14.0, indicating MMP-13 can be used as a marker for lower hypertrophic cell zone. It was also expressed in chondrocytes of newly formed condylar cartilage at E15.0, and continuously expressed in the lower hypertrophic cell zone until E18.0. These results confirmed that progenitor cells of condylar cartilage are rapidly differentiated into hypertrophic chondrocytes, which is a unique structural feature of secondary cartilage different from that of primary cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Takahashi
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Randilini Angammana
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Elucidate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) development and pathophysiology relative to regeneration, degeneration, and adaption. RECENT FINDINGS The pharyngeal arch produces a highly conserved stomatognathic system that supports airway and masticatory function. An induced subperiosteal layer of fibrocartilage cushions TMJ functional and parafunctional loads. If the fibrocartilage disc is present, a fractured mandibular condyle (MC) regenerates near the eminence of the fossa via a blastema emanating from the medial periosteal surface of the ramus. TMJ degenerative joint disease (DJD) is a relatively painless osteoarthrosis, resulting in extensive sclerosis, disc destruction, and lytic lesions. Facial form and symmetry may be affected, but the residual bone is vital because distraction continues to lengthen the MC with anabolic bone modeling. Extensive TMJ adaptive, healing, and regenerative potential maintains optimal, life support functions over a lifetime. Unique aspects of TMJ development, function, and pathophysiology may be useful for innovative management of other joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Eugene Roberts
- School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University-Purdue University (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Orthodontics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Advanced Dental Education, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - David L Stocum
- School of Science, Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Ye F, Wang H, Zheng Z, He P, Sribastav SS, Wang H, Wang J, Liu H, Leung VYL. Role of SHOX2 in the development of intervertebral disc degeneration. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1047-1057. [PMID: 26697824 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the most common cause of low back pain, which affect 80% of the population during their lives, with heavy economic burden. Many factors have been demonstrated to participate in IVD degeneration. In this study, we investigated the role of short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) in the development of IVD degeneration. First, we detected the expression of SHOX2 in different stages of human IVD degeneration; then explored the role of SHOX2 on nucleus pulposus (NP) cells proliferation and apoptosis, finally we evaluated the effect of SHOX2 on the production of extracellular matrix in NP cells. Results showed that the expression of SHOX2 is mainly in NP compared with AF tissues, its expression decreased with the severity of human IVD degeneration. TNF-α treatment led to dose- and time-dependent decrease in SHOX2 mRNA, protein expression and promoter activity in NP cells. The silencing of SHOX2 inhibited NP cells proliferation and induced NP cells apoptosis. Finally, SHOX2 silencing led to decreased aggrecan and collagen II expression, along with increased ECM degrading enzymes MMP3 and ADAMTS-5 in NP cells. In summary, our results indicated that SHOX2 plays an important role in the process of IVD degeneration, and might be a protective factor for IVD degeneration. Further studies are required to confirm its exact role, and clarify the mechanism. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1047-1057, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubiao Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhaomin Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peiheng He
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shilabant Sen Sribastav
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Victor Y L Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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Liang W, Li X, Chen H, Shao X, Lin X, Shen J, Ding S, Kang J, Li C. Expressing human SHOX in Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice leads to congenital osteoarthritis‑like disease of the temporomandibular joint in postnatal mice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3676-82. [PMID: 27601064 PMCID: PMC5042736 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a unique synovial joint whose development differs from that of other synovial joints, develops from two distinct mesenchymal condensations that grow toward each other and ossify through different mechanisms. The short stature homeobox 2 (Shox2) gene serves an important role in TMJ development and previous studies have demonstrated that Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice display a TMJ defective phenotype, congenital dysplasia and premature eroding of the articular disc, which is clinically defined as a TMJ disorder. In the present study, Shox2SHOX KI/KI mouse models were used to investigate the mechanisms of congenital osteoarthritis (OA)-like disease during postnatal TMJ growth. Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice were observed to develop a severe muscle wasting syndrome from day 7 postnatal. Histological examination indicated that the condyle and glenoid fossa of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice was reduced in size in the second week after birth. The condyles of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice exhibited reduced expression levels of collagen type II and Indian hedgehog, and increased expression of collagen type I. A marked increase in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and MMP13 in the condyles was also observed. These cellular and molecular defects may contribute to the observed (OA)-like phenotype of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mouse TMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Liang
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xihai Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Houhuang Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Shao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Lin
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Shen
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Ding
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jie Kang
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Candong Li
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Conditional Deletion of Fgfr3 in Chondrocytes leads to Osteoarthritis-like Defects in Temporomandibular Joint of Adult Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24039. [PMID: 27041063 PMCID: PMC4819201 DOI: 10.1038/srep24039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a common degenerative disease in adult, which is characterized by progressive destruction of the articular cartilage. To investigate the role of FGFR3 in the homeostasis of TMJ cartilage during adult stage, we generated Fgfr3f/f; Col2a1-CreERT2 (Fgfr3 cKO) mice, in which Fgfr3 was deleted in chondrocytes at 2 months of age. OA-like defects were observed in Fgfr3 cKO TMJ cartilage. Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed a significant increase in expressions of COL10, MMP13 and AMAMTS5. In addition, there was a sharp increase in chondrocyte apoptosis at the Fgfr3 cKO articular surface, which was accompanied by a down-regulation of lubricin expression. Importantly, the expressions of RUNX2 and Indian hedgehog (IHH) were up-regulated in Fgfr3 cKO TMJ. Primary Fgfr3 cKO chondrocytes were treated with IHH signaling inhibitor, which significantly reduced expressions of Runx2, Col10, Mmp13 and Adamts5. Furthermore, the IHH signaling inhibitor partially alleviated OA-like defects in the TMJ of Fgfr3 cKO mice, including restoration of lubricin expression and improvement of the integrity of the articular surface. In conclusion, our study proposes that FGFR3/IHH signaling pathway plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of TMJ articular cartilage during adult stage.
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Injured condylar cartilage leads to traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:294-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Liang W, Li X, Gao B, Gan H, Lin X, Liao L, Li C. Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:481-489. [PMID: 26893634 PMCID: PMC4734204 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a specialized synovial joint that is essential for the movement and function of the mammalian jaw. The TMJ develops from two mesenchymal condensations, and is composed of the glenoid fossa that originates from the otic capsule by intramembranous ossification, the mandibular condyle of the temporal bone and a fibrocartilagenous articular disc derived from a secondary cartilaginous joint by endochondral ossification. However, the development of the TMJ remains unclear. In the present study, the formation and development of the mouse TMJ was investigated between embryonic day 13.5 and post-natal day 180 in order to elucidate the morphological and molecular alterations that occur during this period. TMJ formation appeared to proceed in three stages: Initiation or blastema stage; growth and cavitation stage; and the maturation or completion stage. In order to investigate the activity of certain transcription factors on TMJ formation and development, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM), sex determining region Y-box 9, runt-related transcription factor 2, Indian hedgehog homolog, Osterix, collagen I, collagen II, aggrecan, total matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), MMP-9 and MMP-13 were detected in the TMJ using in situ and/or immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that the transcription factors, ECM and MMP serve critical functions in the formation and development of the mouse TMJ. In summary, the development of the mouse TMJ was investigated, and the molecular regulation of mouse TMJ formation was partially characterized. The results of the present study may aid the systematic understanding of the physiological processes underlying TMJ formation and development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Liang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xihai Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Bone Diseases, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Bizhen Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Gan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Lin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Linghong Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Candong Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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13
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Augmented Indian hedgehog signaling in cranial neural crest cells leads to craniofacial abnormalities and dysplastic temporomandibular joint in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:105-15. [PMID: 26553654 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive studies have pinpointed the crucial role of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling in the development of the appendicular skeleton and the essential function of Ihh in the formation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In this study, we have investigated the effect of augmented Ihh signaling in TMJ development. We took a transgenic gain-of-function approach by overexpressing Ihh in the cranial neural crest (CNC) cells using a conditional Ihh transgenic allele and the Wnt1-Cre allele. We found that Wnt1-Cre-mediated tissue-specific overexpression of Ihh in the CNC lineage caused severe craniofacial abnormalities, including cleft lip/palate, encephalocele, anophthalmos, micrognathia, and defective TMJ development. In the mutant TMJ, the glenoid fossa was completely absent, whereas the condyle and the articular disc appeared relatively normal with slightly delayed chondrocyte differentiation. Our findings thus demonstrate that augmented Ihh signaling is detrimental to craniofacial development, and that finely tuned Ihh signaling is critical for TMJ formation. Our results also provide additional evidence that the development of the condyle and articular disc is independent of the glenoid fossa.
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14
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Suzuki A, Iwata J. Mouse genetic models for temporomandibular joint development and disorders. Oral Dis 2015; 22:33-8. [PMID: 26096083 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint essential for hinge and sliding movements of the mammalian jaw. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are dysregulations of the muscles or the TMJ in structure, function, and physiology, and result in pain, limited mandibular mobility, and TMJ noise and clicking. Although approximately 40-70% adults in the USA have at least one sign of TMD, the etiology of TMD remains largely unknown. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of TMD in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Li X, Liang W, Ye H, Weng X, Liu F, Lin P, Liu X. Overexpression of Indian hedgehog partially rescues short stature homeobox 2-overexpression-associated congenital dysplasia of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4157-4164. [PMID: 26096903 PMCID: PMC4526079 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of short stature homeobox 2 (shox2) in the development and homeostasis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has been well documented. Shox2 is known to be expressed in the progenitor cells and perichondrium of the developing condyle. A previous study by our group reported that overexpression of shox2 leads to congenital dysplasia of the TMJ via downregulation of the Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling pathway, which is essential for embryonic disc primordium formation and mandibular condylar growth. To determine whether overexpression of Ihh may rescue the overexpression of shox2 leading to congenital dysplasia of the TMJ, a mouse model in which Ihh and shox2 were overexpressed (Wnt1-Cre; pMes-stop shox2; pMes-stop Ihh mice) was utilized to assess the consequences of this overexpression on TMJ development during post-natal life. The results showed that the developmental process and expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 and sex determining region Y-box 9 in the TMJ of the Wnt1-Cre; pMes-stop shox2; pMes-stop Ihh mice were similar to those in wild-type mice. Overexpression of Ihh rescued shox2 overexpression-associated reduction of extracellular matrix components. However, overexpression of Ihh did not inhibit the shox2 overexpression-associated increase of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP9, MMP13 and apoptosis in the TMJ. These combinatory cellular and molecular defects appeared to account for the observed congenital dysplasia of TMJ, suggesting that overexpression of Ihh partially rescued shox2 overexpression-associated congenital dysplasia of the TMJ in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihai Li
- Institute of Bone Diseases, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wenna Liang
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Ye
- Institute of Bone Diseases, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaping Weng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Fayuan Liu
- Institute of Bone Diseases, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Pingdong Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xianxiang Liu
- Institute of Bone Diseases, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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16
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Sangani D, Suzuki A, VonVille H, Hixson JE, Iwata J. Gene Mutations Associated with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2. [PMID: 27695703 PMCID: PMC5045035 DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a bilateral synovial joint between the mandible and the temporal bone of the skull. TMJ disorders (TMDs) are a set of complicated and poorly understood clinical conditions, in which TMDs are associated with a number of symptoms including pain and limited jaw movement. The increasing scientific evidence suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in the pathology of TMDs. However, the underlying mechanism of TMDs remains largely unknown. Objective The study aimed to determine the associated genes to TMDs in humans and animals. Methods The literature search was conducted through databases including Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and PubMed (NLM) by using scientific terms for TMDs and genetics in March 2015. Additional studies were identified by searching bibliographies of highly relevant articles and Scopus (Elsevier). Results Our systematic analyses identified 31 articles through literature searches. A total of 112 genes were identified to be significantly and specifically associated with TMDs. Conclusion Our systematic review provides a list of accurate genes associated with TMDs and suggests a genetic contribution to the pathology of TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvee Sangani
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helena VonVille
- The University of Texas School of Public Health Library, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James E Hixson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Li X, Liang W, Ye H, Weng X, Liu F, Liu X. Overexpression of Shox2 leads to congenital dysplasia of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13135-50. [PMID: 25062348 PMCID: PMC4159784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported that inactivation of Shox2 led to dysplasia and ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and that replacing Shox2 with human Shox partially rescued the phenotype with a prematurely worn out articular disc. However, the mechanisms of Shox2 activity in TMJ development remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the molecular and cellular basis for the congenital dysplasia of TMJ in Wnt1-Cre; pMes-stop Shox2 mice. We found that condyle and glenoid fossa dysplasia occurs primarily in the second week after the birth. The dysplastic TMJ of Wnt1-Cre; pMes-stop Shox2 mice exhibits a loss of Collagen type I, Collagen type II, Ihh and Gli2. In situ zymography and immunohistochemistry further demonstrate an up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP9 and MMP13, accompanied by a significantly increased cell apoptosis. In addition, the cell proliferation and expressions of Sox9, Runx2 and Ihh are no different in the embryonic TMJ between the wild type and mutant mice. Our results show that overexpression of Shox2 leads to the loss of extracellular matrix and the increase of cell apoptosis in TMJ dysplasia by up-regulating MMPs and down-regulating the Ihh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihai Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Wenna Liang
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Hongzhi Ye
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Xiaping Weng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Fayuan Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Xianxiang Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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