1
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Jiang C, Wu J. Hypothesis: hematogenous metastatic cancer cells of solid tumors may disguise themselves as memory macrophages for metastasis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1412296. [PMID: 39035733 PMCID: PMC11257992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1412296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
German pathologist Otto Aichel suggested, a century ago, that the cancer cell acquired its metastatic property from a leukocyte via cell-cell fusion. Since then, several revised versions of this theory have been proposed. Most of the proposals attribute the generation of the metastatic cancer cell to the fusion between a primary cancer cell and a macrophage. However, these theories have not addressed several issues, such as dormancy and stem cell-like self-renewal, of the metastatic cancer cell. On the other hand, recent studies have found that, like T- and B-/plasma cells, macrophages can also be categorized into naïve, effector, and memory/trained macrophages. As a memory/trained macrophage can enter dormancy/quiescence, be awakened from the dormancy/quiescence by acquainted primers, and re-populate via stem cell-like self-renewal, we, therefore, further specify that the macrophage fusing with the cancer cell and contributing to metastasis, belongs with the memory/trained macrophage, not other subtypes of macrophages. The current theory can explain many puzzling clinical features of cancer, including the paradoxal effects (recurrence vs. regression) of microbes on tumors, "spontaneous" and Coley's toxin-induced tumor regression, anticancer activities of β-blockers and anti-inflammatory/anti-immune/antibiotic drugs, oncotaxis, surgery- and trauma-promoted metastasis, and impact of microbiota on tumors. Potential therapeutic strategies, such as Coley's toxin-like preparations, are proposed. This is the last article of our trilogy on carcinogenesis theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Central Laboratories, Shanghai Clinical Research Center Xuhui Central Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Central Laboratories, Shanghai Clinical Research Center Xuhui Central Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Office of Industrial Cooperation, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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2
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Yang R, Jia L, Cui J. Mechanism and clinical progression of solid tumors bone marrow metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1390361. [PMID: 38770000 PMCID: PMC11102981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1390361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rich blood supply of the bone marrow provides favorable conditions for tumor cell proliferation and growth. In the disease's early stages, circulating tumor cells can escape to the bone marrow and form imperceptible micro metastases. These tumor cells may be reactivated to regain the ability to grow aggressively and eventually develop into visible metastases. Symptomatic bone marrow metastases with abnormal hematopoiesis solid tumor metastases are rare and have poor prognoses. Treatment options are carefully chosen because of the suppression of bone marrow function. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms involved in developing bone marrow metastases from tumor cells and the clinical features, treatment options, and prognosis of patients with symptomatic bone marrow metastases from different solid tumors reported in the literature.
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3
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Borzone FR, Giorello MB, Sanmartin MC, Yannarelli G, Martinez LM, Chasseing NA. Mesenchymal stem cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:238-256. [PMID: 35485850 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of death among women. Recent evidence suggests that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have an essential role in cancer progression, invasion and therapy resistance. Therefore, they are considered as highly promising future therapeutic targets against breast cancer. The intrinsic tumour tropism and immunomodulatory capacities of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells are of special relevance for developing mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-based anti-tumour therapies that suppress primary tumour growth and metastasis. In addition, the utilization of therapies that target the stromal components of the tumour microenvironment in combination with standard drugs is an innovative tool that could improve patients' response to therapies and their survival. In this review, we discuss the currently available information regarding the possible use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-derived anti-tumour therapies, as well as the utilization of therapies that target CAFs in breast cancer microenvironment. Finally, these data can serve as a guide map for future research in this field, ultimately aiding the effective transition of these results into the clinic. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Raúl Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Giorello
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Sanmartin
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Marcelo Martinez
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Norma Alejandra Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Bone Metastasis in Bladder Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 13:jpm13010054. [PMID: 36675715 PMCID: PMC9864951 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the 10th most common and 13th most deadly malignancy worldwide. About 5% of BCa patients present initially with metastatic disease, with bone being the most diagnosed site for distant metastasis. The overall one-year survival of patients with BCa is 84%, whereas it is only 21% in patients with bone metastasis (BM). Metastasis of BCa cells to bone occurs by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, intravasation, extravasation, and interactions with the bone microenvironment. However, the mechanism of BCa metastasis to the bone is not completely understood; it needs a further preclinical model to completely explain the process. As different imaging mechanisms, PET-CT cannot replace a radionuclide bone scan or an MRI for diagnosing BM. The management of BCa patients with BM includes chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, bisphosphonates, denosumab, radioisotopes, and surgery. The objective of these treatments is to inhibit disease progression, improve overall survival, reduce skeletal-related events, relieve pain, and improve the quality of life of patients.
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5
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Krüger T, Wehner R, Herbig M, Kräter M, Kramer M, Middeke JM, Stölzel F, List C, Egger-Heidrich K, Teipel R, Oelschlägel U, Wermke M, Jambor H, Wobus M, Schetelig J, Jöhrens K, Tonn T, Subburayalu J, Schmitz M, Bornhauser M, von Bonin M. Perturbations of mesenchymal stromal cells after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation predispose for bone marrow graft-versus-host-disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005554. [PMID: 36311725 PMCID: PMC9599394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional impairment of the bone marrow (BM) niche has been suggested as a major reason for prolonged cytopenia and secondary graft failure after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Because mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) serve as multipotent progenitors for several niche components in the BM, they might play a key role in this process. We used collagenase digested trephine biopsies to directly quantify MSCs in 73 patients before (n = 18) and/or after alloHCT (n = 65). For the first time, we demonstrate that acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD, n = 39) is associated with a significant decrease in MSC numbers. MSC reduction can be observed even before the clinical onset of aGvHD (n = 10). Assessing MSCs instantly after biopsy collection revealed phenotypic and functional differences depending on the occurrence of aGvHD. These differences vanished during ex vivo expansion. The MSC endotypes observed revealed an enhanced population of donor-derived classical dendritic cells type 1 and alloreactive T cells as the causing agent for compartmental inflammation and MSC damage before clinical onset of aGvHD was ascertained. In conclusion, MSCs endotypes may constitute a predisposing conductor of alloreactivity after alloHCT preceding the clinical diagnosis of aGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Krüger,
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Herbig
- Max Planck Institute for Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering Technical University (TU) Dresden Tatzberg, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max Planck Institute for Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering Technical University (TU) Dresden Tatzberg, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Moritz Middeke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catrin List
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Raphael Teipel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uta Oelschlägel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wermke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- University Cancer Centrum (UCC), Early Clinical Trial Unit (ECTU), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Helena Jambor
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Wobus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julien Subburayalu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhauser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte von Bonin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Chen C, Huang R, Zhou J, Guo L, Xiang S. Formation of pre-metastatic bone niche in prostate cancer and regulation of traditional chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:897942. [PMID: 36059977 PMCID: PMC9428453 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.897942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer with bone metastasis has a high cancer-specific mortality. Thus, it is essential to delineate the mechanism of bone metastasis. Pre-metastatic niche (PMN) is a concept in tumor metastasis, which is characterized by tumor-secreted factors, reprogramming of stromal cells, and immunosuppression by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which is induced by bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) in the target organ. However, PMN does not explain the predilection of prostate cancer towards bone metastasis. In this review, we discuss the initiation of bone metastasis of prostate cancer from the perspective of PMN and tumor microenvironment in a step-wise manner. Furthermore, we present a new concept called pre-metastatic bone niche, featuring inherent BMDC, to interpret bone metastasis. Moreover, we illustrate the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine on PMN.
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7
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Fallati A, Di Marzo N, D’Amico G, Dander E. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs): An Ally of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) Cells in Disease Maintenance and Progression within the Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Niche. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143303. [PMID: 35884364 PMCID: PMC9323332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Even though the cure rate actually exceeds 85%, the prognosis of relapsed/refractory patients is dismal. Recent literature data indicate that the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment could play a crucial role in the onset, maintenance and progression of the disease. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are key components of the BM niche, actively crosstalk with leukemic cells providing crucial signals for their survival and resistance to therapy. We hereby review the main mechanisms exploited by MSCs to nurture and protect B-ALL cells that could become appealing targets for innovative microenvironment remodeling therapies to be coupled with classical leukemia-directed strategies. Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are structural components of the bone marrow (BM) niche, where they functionally interact with hematopoietic stem cells and more differentiated progenitors, contributing to hematopoiesis regulation. A growing body of evidence is nowadays pointing to a further crucial contribution of MSCs to malignant hematopoiesis. In the context of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), MSCs can play a pivotal role in the definition of a leukemia-supportive microenvironment, impacting on disease pathogenesis at different steps including onset, maintenance and progression. B-ALL cells hijack the BM microenvironment, including MSCs residing in the BM niche, which in turn shelter leukemic cells and protect them from chemotherapeutic agents through different mechanisms. Evidence is now arising that altered MSCs can become precious allies to leukemic cells by providing nutrients, cytokines, pro-survivals signals and exchanging organelles, as hereafter reviewed. The study of the mechanisms exploited by MSCs to nurture and protect B-ALL blasts can be instrumental in finding new druggable candidates to target the leukemic BM microenvironment. Some of these microenvironment-targeting strategies are already in preclinical or clinical experimentation, and if coupled with leukemia-directed therapies, could represent a valuable option to improve the prognosis of relapsed/refractory patients, whose management represents an unmet medical need.
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8
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Bone marrow/bone pre-metastatic niche for breast cancer cells colonization: The role of mesenchymal stromal cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 164:103416. [PMID: 34237436 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common oncological pathologies in women worldwide. While its early diagnosis has considerably improved, about 70 % of advanced patients develop bone metastases with a high mortality rate. Several authors demonstrated that primary breast cancer cells prepare their future metastatic niche -known as the pre-metastatic niche- to turn it into an "optimal soil" for colonization. The role of the different cellular components of the bone marrow/bone niche in bone metastasis has been well described. However, studying the changes that occur in this microenvironment before tumor cells arrival has become a novel research field. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the current knowledge about the modulation of the normal bone marrow/bone niche by the primary breast tumor, in particular, highlighting the role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in transforming this soil into a pre-metastatic niche for breast cancer cells colonization.
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9
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Hong Z, Wei Z, Xie T, Fu L, Sun J, Zhou F, Jamal M, Zhang Q, Shao L. Targeting chemokines for acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:48. [PMID: 33743810 PMCID: PMC7981899 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the malignant clonal expansion of lymphoid hematopoietic precursors. It is regulated by various signaling molecules such as cytokines and adhesion molecules in its microenvironment. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that regulate migration, positioning and interactions of cells. Many chemokine axes such as CXCL12/CXCR4 and CCL25/CCR9 have been proved to play important roles in leukemia microenvironment and further affect ALL outcomes. In this review, we summarize the chemokines that are involved in ALL progression and elaborate on their roles and mechanisms in leukemia cell proliferation, infiltration, drug resistance and disease relapse. We also discuss the potential of targeting chemokine axes for ALL treatments, since many related inhibitors have shown promising efficacy in preclinical trials, and some of them have entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Hong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zimeng Wei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Fu
- The First Clinical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Ayhan S, Nemutlu E, Uçkan Çetinkaya D, Kır S, Özgül RK. Characterization of human bone marrow niches with metabolome and transcriptome profiling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.250720. [PMID: 33526717 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) niches are special microenvironments that work in harmony with each other for the regulation and maintenance of hematopoiesis. Niche investigations have thus far been limited to various model organisms and animal studies; therefore, little is known about different niches in healthy humans. In this study, a special harvesting method for the collection of BM from two different anatomical regions in the iliac crest of humans was used to investigate the presence of different niches in BM. Additionally, metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles were compiled using comparative 'omics' technologies, and the main cellular pathways and corresponding transcripts and metabolites were identified. As a result, we found that the energy metabolism between the regions was different. This study provides basic broad data for regenerative medicine in terms of the design of the appropriate microenvironment for in vitro hematopoietic niche modeling, and identifies the normal reference values that can be compared in hematological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Ayhan
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development/PEDI-STEM and Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Health Sciences Institute, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uçkan Çetinkaya
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development/PEDI-STEM and Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Health Sciences Institute, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Sedef Kır
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Rıza Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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11
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Wang Y, Ren S, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhu N, Cai D, Ye Z, Ruan J. Chemokines in bone-metastatic breast cancer: Therapeutic opportunities. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106815. [PMID: 32711376 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to non-response to chemotherapy, incomplete surgical resection, and resistance to checkpoint inhibitors, breast cancer with bone metastasis is notoriously difficult to cure. Therefore, the development of novel, efficient strategies to tackle bone metastasis of breast cancer is urgently needed. Chemokines, which induce directed migration of immune cells and act as guide molecules between diverse cells and tissues, are small proteins indispensable in immunity. These complex chemokine networks play pro-tumor roles or anti-tumor roles when produced by breast cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, chemokines have diverse roles when secreted by various immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer, which can be roughly divided into immunosuppressive effects and immunostimulatory effects. Recently, targeting chemokine networks has been shown to have potential for use in treatment of metastatic malignancies, including bone-metastatic breast cancer. In this review, we focus on the role of chemokines networks in the biology of breast cancer and metastasis to the bone. We also discuss the therapeutic opportunities and future prospects of targeting chemokine networks, in combination with other current standard therapies, for the treatment of bone-metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shihong Ren
- First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | | | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Xu X, Zhang C, Trotter TN, Gowda PS, Lu Y, Ponnazhagan S, Javed A, Li J, Yang Y. Runx2 Deficiency in Osteoblasts Promotes Myeloma Progression by Altering the Bone Microenvironment at New Bone Sites. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1036-1048. [PMID: 31911552 PMCID: PMC7056521 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy that thrives in the bone marrow (BM), with frequent progression to new local and distant bone sites. Our previous studies demonstrated that multiple myeloma cells at primary sites secrete soluble factors and suppress osteoblastogenesis via the inhibition of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in pre- and immature osteoblasts (OB) in new bone sites, prior to the arrival of metastatic tumor cells. However, it is unknown whether OB-Runx2 suppression in new bone sites feeds back to promote multiple myeloma dissemination to and progression in these areas. Hence, we developed a syngeneic mouse model of multiple myeloma in which Runx2 is specifically deleted in the immature OBs of C57BL6/KaLwRij mice (OB-Runx2-/- mice) to study the effect of OB-Runx2 deficiency on multiple myeloma progression in new bone sites. In vivo studies with this model demonstrated that OB-Runx2 deficiency attracts multiple myeloma cells and promotes multiple myeloma tumor growth in bone. Mechanistic studies further revealed that OB-Runx2 deficiency induces an immunosuppressive microenvironment in BM that is marked by an increase in the concentration and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and the suppression and exhaustion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In contrast, MDSC depletion by either gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil treatment in OB-Runx2-/- mice prevented these effects and inhibited multiple myeloma tumor growth in BM. These novel discoveries demonstrate that OB-Runx2 deficiency in new bone sites promotes multiple myeloma dissemination and progression by increasing metastatic cytokines and MDSCs in BM and inhibiting BM immunity. Importantly, MDSC depletion can block multiple myeloma progression promoted by OB-Runx2 deficiency.Significance: This study demonstrates that Runx2 deficiency in immature osteoblasts at distant bone sites attracts myeloma cells and allows myeloma progression in new bone sites via OB-secreted metastatic cytokines and MDSC-mediated suppression of bone marrow immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Timothy N Trotter
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Pramod S Gowda
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Selvarangan Ponnazhagan
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amjad Javed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Loss of ASXL1 in the bone marrow niche dysregulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fates. Cell Discov 2018; 4:4. [PMID: 29423272 PMCID: PMC5802628 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-017-0004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic or de novo mutations of Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) frequently occur in patients with myeloid malignancies or Bohring-Opitz syndrome, respectively. We have reported that global loss of Asxl1 leads to the development of myeloid malignancies and impairs bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) fates in mice. However, the impact of Asxl1 deletion in the BM niche on hematopoiesis remains unclear. Here, we showed that BMSCs derived from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia patients had reduced expression of ASXL1, which impaired the maintaining cord blood CD34+ cell colony-forming capacity with a myeloid differentiation bias. Furthermore, Asxl1 deletion in the mouse BMSCs altered hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSC/HPC) pool and a preferential myeloid lineage increment. Immunoprecipitation and ChIP-seq analyses demonstrated a novel interaction of ASXL1 with the core subunits of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) complex. Convergent analyses of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data revealed that loss of Asxl1 deregulated RNAPII transcriptional function and altered the expression of genes critical for HSC/HPC maintenance, such as Vcam1. Altogether, our study provides a mechanistic insight into the function of ASXL1 in the niche to maintain normal hematopoiesis; and ASXL1 alteration in, at least, a subset of the niche cells induces myeloid differentiation bias, thus, contributes the progression of myeloid malignancies.
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Coniglio SJ. Role of Tumor-Derived Chemokines in Osteolytic Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:313. [PMID: 29930538 PMCID: PMC5999726 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. The bone marrow is a common destination for many malignant cancers, including breast carcinoma (BC), prostate carcinoma, multiple myeloma, lung carcinoma, uterine cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, and neuroblastoma. The molecular mechanism by which metastatic cancer are able to recognize, infiltrate, and colonize bone are still unclear. Chemokines are small soluble proteins which under normal physiological conditions mediate chemotactic trafficking of leukocytes to specific tissues in the body. In the context of metastasis, the best characterized role for the chemokine system is in the regulation of primary tumor growth, survival, invasion, and homing to specific secondary sites. However, there is ample evidence that metastatic tumors exploit chemokines to modulate the metastatic niche within bone which ultimately results in osteolytic bone disease. In this review, we examine the role of chemokines in metastatic tumor growth within bone. In particular, the chemokines CCL2, CCL3, IL-8/CXCL8, and CXCL12 are consistently involved in promoting osteoclastogenesis and tumor growth. We will also evaluate the suitability of chemokines as targets for chemotherapy with the use of neutralizing antibodies and chemokine receptor-specific antagonists.
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