1
|
Rogulska K, Wojciechowska-Koszko I, Krasnodębska-Szponder B, Kwiatkowski P, Roszkowska P, Dołęgowska B, Łuczkowska K, Machaliński B, Kosik-Bogacka D. TFF3 as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Kidney Transplant Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11925. [PMID: 37569301 PMCID: PMC10418491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a protein secreted by many cell types, and its serum and urine levels vary in patients with kidney disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of TFF3 in allogeneic kidney transplant patients included in the one-year follow-up. To analyze the influence of the diagnostic method used, we studied the type of biological material and the time elapsed since renal transplantation on the parameter's value. The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between TFF3 levels and creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values in the serum and urine of the patients studied. The study used blood and urine samples from adult patients (n = 19) 24-48 h, 6 months, and 12 months after kidney transplantation. We collected one-time blood and urine from healthy subjects (n = 5) without renal disease. We applied immunoenzymatic ELISA and xMap Luminex flow fluorimetry to determine TFF3 in serum and urine. There was a significant difference in TFF3 levels in the serum of patients collected on the first one or two days after kidney transplantation compared to the control group (determined by ELISA and Luminex) and six months and one year after kidney transplantation (ELISA). We observed a correlation between creatinine concentration and urinary TFF3 concentration (ELISA and Luminex) and a negative association between eGFR and urinary (ELISA) and serum (Luminex) TFF3 concentration in patients on the first and second days after kidney transplantation. We noted significant correlations between eGFR and TFF3 levels in the serum and urine of patients determined by the two methods six months and one year after transplantation. In women, we observed that urinary TFF3 concentration increased significantly with increasing creatinine and that with increasing eGFR, urinary TFF3 concentration determined by two methods decreased significantly. In the present study, the choice of diagnostic method for the determination of TFF3 in serum and urine significantly affected the concentration of this biomarker. The values of this parameter determined by ELISA were higher than those assessed using the Luminex assay. Based on the presented results, we can conclude that TFF3 has great potential to monitor renal transplant patients. Determination of this protein in parallel with creatinine and eGFR levels in serum and urine may provide helpful diagnostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Rogulska
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.)
| | - Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.)
| | - Barbara Krasnodębska-Szponder
- Immunology Laboratory, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 2, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.)
| | - Paulina Roszkowska
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.)
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo M, Wang R, Geng J, Li Z, Liu M, Lu X, Wei J, Liu M. Human TFF2-Fc fusion protein alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice by promoting intestinal epithelial cells repair and inhibiting macrophage inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1387-1404. [PMID: 37129719 PMCID: PMC10153040 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The clinical drugs for ulcerative colitis mainly affect the inflammatory symposiums with limited outcomes and various side effects. Repairing the damaged intestinal mucosa is a promising and alternative strategy to treat ulcerative colitis. Trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) could repair the intestinal mucosa, however, it has a short half-life in vivo. To improve the stability of TFF2, we have prepared a new fusion protein TFF2-Fc with much stability, investigated the therapeutic effect of TFF2-Fc on ulcerative colitis, and further illustrated the related mechanisms. We found that intrarectally administered TFF2-Fc alleviated the weight loss, the colon shortening, the disease activity index, the intestinal tissue injury, and the lymphocyte infiltration in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. In vitro, TFF2-Fc inhibited Caco2 cells injury and apoptosis, promoted cellular migration, and increased the expression of Occludin and ZO-1 by activating P-ERK in the presence of H2O2 or inflammatory conditioned medium (LPS-RAW264.7/CM). Moreover, TFF2-Fc could reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammation cytokines and reactive oxygen species in RAW264.7 cells, and also inhibits the polarization of RAW264.7 cells to M1 phenotype by reducing glucose consumption and lactate production. Taken together, in this work, we have prepared a novel fusion protein TFF2-Fc, which could alleviate ulcerative colitis in vivo via promoting intestinal epithelial cells repair and inhibiting macrophage inflammation, and TFF2-Fc might serve as a promising ulcerative colitis therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiajia Geng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Jingyuan Biomedicine (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Mingfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuxiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianteng Wei
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernández-Lainez C, Aan de Stegge M, Silva-Lagos LA, López-Velázquez G, de Vos P. β(2 → 1)-β(2 → 6) branched graminan-type fructans and β(2 → 1) linear fructans impact mucus-related and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in goblet cells and attenuate inflammatory responses in a fructan dependent fashion. Food Funct 2023; 14:1338-1348. [PMID: 36656019 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibers such as fructans have beneficial effects on intestinal health but it is unknown whether they impact goblet cells (GCs). Here we studied the effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs) and graminan-type fructans (GTFs) with different molecular weights on mucus- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes in intestinal GCs. To that end, GCs were incubated in the presence of ITFs or GTFs, or ITFs and GTFs + TNFα or the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin (Tm). IL-8 production by GCs was studied as a marker of inflammation. Effects between ITFs and GTFs were compared. We found a beneficial impact of GTFs especially on the expression of RETNLB. GTF II protects from the TNFα-induced gene expression dysregulation of MUC2, TFF3, GAL3ST2, and CHST5. Also, all the studied fructans prevented Tm-induced dysregulation of GAL3ST2. Interestingly, only the short chain fructans ITF I and GTF I have anti-inflammatory properties on GCs. All the studied fructans except ITF I decreased the expression of the ER stress-related HSPA5 and XBP1. All these benefits were fructan-structure and chain length dependent. Our study contributes to a better understanding of chemical structure-dependent beneficial effects of ITFs and GTFs on gut barrier function, which could contribute to prevention of gut inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Laboratorio de Errores innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. Iman 1, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Edificio D, 1° Piso. Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Myrthe Aan de Stegge
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Luis Alfredo Silva-Lagos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. Iman 1, 04530, Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin Z, Wan X, Zhang T, Huo H, Zhang X, Li K, Bei W, Guo J, Yang Y. Trefoil factor 3: New highlights in chronic kidney disease research. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110470. [PMID: 36122885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3, also known as intestinal trefoil factor) is a small-molecule peptide containing a typical trefoil structure. TFF3 has several biological effects, such as wound healing, immune regulation, neuroprotection, and cell migration and proliferation promotion. Although TFF3 binding sites were identified in rat kidneys more than a decade ago, the specific effects of this small-molecule peptide on kidneys remain unclear. Until recently, much of the research on TFF3 in the kidney field has focused exclusively on its role as a biomarker. Notably, a large prospective randomized study of patients with 29 common clinical diseases revealed that chronic kidney disease (CKD) was associated with the highest serum TFF3 levels, which were 3-fold higher than in acute gastroenteritis, which had the second-highest levels. Examination of each stage of CKD revealed that urine and serum TFF3 levels significantly increased with the progression of CKD. These results suggest that the role of TFF3 in CKD needs further research. The present review summarizes the renal physiological expression, biological functions, and downstream signaling of TFF3, as well as the upstream events that lead to high expression of TFF3 in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Wan
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunping Li
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Y, Lin Z, Lin Q, Bei W, Guo J. Pathological and therapeutic roles of bioactive peptide trefoil factor 3 in diverse diseases: recent progress and perspective. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:62. [PMID: 35039476 PMCID: PMC8763889 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is the last small-molecule peptide found in the trefoil factor family, which is mainly secreted by intestinal goblet cells and exerts mucosal repair effect in the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging evidence indicated that the TFF3 expression profile and biological effects changed significantly in pathological states such as cancer, colitis, gastric ulcer, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and nervous system disease. More importantly, mucosal protection would no longer be the only effect of TFF3, it gradually exhibits carcinogenic activity and potential regulatory effect of nervous and endocrine systems, but the inner mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding the molecular function of TFF3 in specific diseases might provide a new insight for the clinical development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the pathological effects of TFF3 in different disease and discusses the binding proteins, signaling pathways, and clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanyou Lin
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Science and Technology Building, 280 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Diet Impact on Obesity beyond Calories and Trefoil Factor Family 2 (TFF2) as an Illustration: Metabolic Implications and Potential Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1830. [PMID: 34944474 PMCID: PMC8698828 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health problem with increasing impacts on public health, economy and even social life. In order to reestablish the energy balance, obesity management focuses mainly on two pillars; exercise and diet. Beyond the contribution to the caloric intake, the diet nutrients and composition govern a variety of properties. This includes the energy balance-independent properties and the indirect metabolic effects. Whereas the energy balance-independent properties are close to "pharmacological" effects and include effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, the indirect metabolic effects represent the contribution a diet can have on energy metabolism beyond the caloric contribution itself, which include the food intake control and metabolic changes. As an illustration, we also described the metabolic implication and hypothetical pathways of the high-fat diet-induced gene Trefoil Factor Family 2. The properties the diet has can have a variety of applications mainly in pharmacology and nutrition and further explore the "pharmacologically" active food towards potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Braga Emidio N, Meli R, Tran HNT, Baik H, Morisset-Lopez S, Elliott AG, Blaskovich MAT, Spiller S, Beck-Sickinger AG, Schroeder CI, Muttenthaler M. Chemical Synthesis of TFF3 Reveals Novel Mechanistic Insights and a Gut-Stable Metabolite. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9484-9495. [PMID: 34142550 PMCID: PMC8273887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
TFF3 regulates essential
gastro- and neuroprotective functions,
but its molecular mode of action remains poorly understood. Synthetic
intractability and lack of reliable bioassays and validated receptors
are bottlenecks for mechanistic and structure–activity relationship
studies. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of TFF3 and its homodimer via native chemical ligation followed by oxidative folding.
Correct folding was confirmed by NMR and circular dichroism, and TFF3
and its homodimer were not cytotoxic or hemolytic. TFF3, its homodimer,
and the trefoil domain (TFF310-50) were susceptible
to gastrointestinal degradation, revealing a gut-stable metabolite
(TFF37-54; t1/2 >
24
h) that retained its trefoil structure and antiapoptotic bioactivity.
We tried to validate the putative TFF3 receptors CXCR4 and LINGO2,
but neither TFF3 nor its homodimer displayed any activity up to 10
μM. The discovery of a gut-stable bioactive metabolite and reliable
synthetic accessibility to TFF3 and its analogues are cornerstones
for future molecular probe development and structure–activity
relationship studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rajeshwari Meli
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Hue N T Tran
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hayeon Baik
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 4301, Université d'Orléans, Orleans 45071, France
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sabrina Spiller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Christina I Schroeder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hoffmann W. Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Links to Inflammation: A Re-evaluation and New Medical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094909. [PMID: 34066339 PMCID: PMC8125380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3), together with mucins, are typical exocrine products of mucous epithelia. Here, they act as a gastric tumor suppressor (TFF1) or they play different roles in mucosal innate immune defense (TFF2, TFF3). Minute amounts are also secreted as endocrine, e.g., by the immune and central nervous systems. As a hallmark, TFF peptides have different lectin activities, best characterized for TFF2, but also TFF1. Pathologically, ectopic expression occurs during inflammation and in various tumors. In this review, the role of TFF peptides during inflammation is discussed on two levels. On the one hand, the expression of TFF1-3 is regulated by inflammatory signals in different ways (upstream links). On the other hand, TFF peptides influence inflammatory processes (downstream links). The latter are recognized best in various Tff-deficient mice, which have completely different phenotypes. In particular, TFF2 is secreted by myeloid cells (e.g., macrophages) and lymphocytes (e.g., memory T cells), where it modulates immune reactions triggering inflammation. As a new concept, in addition to lectin-triggered activation, a hypothetical lectin-triggered inhibition of glycosylated transmembrane receptors by TFF peptides is discussed. Thus, TFFs are promising players in the field of glycoimmunology, such as galectins and C-type lectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu J, Yang Q, Chen Z, Lv S, Tang J, Xing Z, Shi M, Lei A, Xiao G, He Y. TFF3 mediates the NF-κB/COX2 pathway to regulate PMN-MDSCs activation and protect against necrotizing enterocolitis. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1110-1125. [PMID: 33547649 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) plays an important role in repairing the intestinal mucosa. However, the detailed mechanism regarding immune regulation by TFF3 is not well defined. Here, we reported that treatment of mouse BM cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers with TFF3 activated polymorphnuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in vitro. We also found that prostaglandin E2 is a major TFF3-mediated MDSC target, and that NF-κB/COX2 signaling was involved in this process. Moreover, TFF3 treatment or transfer of TFF3-derived PMN-MDSCs (TFF3-MDSCs) to experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) mice caused PMN-MDSC accumulation in the lamina propria (LP), which was associated with decreased intestinal inflammation, permeability, bacterial loading, and prolonged survival. Interestingly, no NEC severity remission was observed in Rag1 KO mice that were given TFF3-MDSCs, but coinjection with CD4+ T cells significantly relieved NEC inflammation. Overall, TFF3 mediates the NF-κB/COX2 pathway to regulate PMN-MDSC activation and attenuates NEC in a T-cell-dependent manner, which suggests a novel mechanism in preventing NEC occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijun Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, P. R. China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yumei He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Y, Wang MM, Yang ZZ, Ren Y, Zhang W, Sun ZR, Nie SN. Pretreatment with intestinal trefoil factor alleviates stress-induced gastric mucosal damage via Akt signaling. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7619-7632. [PMID: 33505140 PMCID: PMC7789054 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i48.7619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-related gastric mucosal damage or ulcer remains an unsolved issue for critically ill patients. Stress ulcer prophylaxis has been part of routine intensive care, but uncertainty and controversy still exist. Co-secreted with mucins, intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) is reported to promote restitution and regeneration of intestinal mucosal epithelium, although the mechanism remains unknown.
AIM To elucidate the protective effects of ITF on gastric mucosa and explore the possible mechanisms.
METHODS We used a rat model of gastric mucosal damage induced by water immersion restraint stress and lipopolysaccharide-treated human gastric epithelial cell line to investigate the potential effects of ITF on damaged gastric mucosa both in vivo and in vitro.
RESULTS ITF promoted the proliferation and migration and inhibited necrosis of gastric mucosal epithelia in vitro. It also preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa by upregulating expressions of occludin and zonula occludens-1. In the rat model, pretreatment with ITF ameliorated the gastric mucosal epithelial damage and facilitated mucosal repair. The protective effects of ITF were confirmed to be exerted via activation of Akt signaling, and the specific inhibitor of Akt signaling LY249002 reversed the protective effects.
CONCLUSION ITF might be a promising candidate for prevention and treatment of stress-induced gastric mucosal damage, and further studies should be undertaken to verify its clinical feasibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Zhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhao-Rui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Nan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoffmann W. Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Diverse Molecular Functions in Mucus Barrier Protection and More: Changing the Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124535. [PMID: 32630599 PMCID: PMC7350206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3) are typically co-secreted together with mucins. Tff1 represents a gastric tumor suppressor gene in mice. TFFs are also synthesized in minute amounts in the immune and central nervous systems. In mucous epithelia, they support rapid repair by enhancing cell migration ("restitution") via their weak chemotactic and anti-apoptotic effects. For a long time, as a paradigm, this was considered as their major biological function. Within recent years, the formation of disulfide-linked heterodimers was documented for TFF1 and TFF3, e.g., with gastrokine-2 and IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). Furthermore, lectin activities were recognized as enabling binding to a lipopolysaccharide of Helicobacter pylori (TFF1, TFF3) or to a carbohydrate moiety of the mucin MUC6 (TFF2). Only recently, gastric TFF1 was demonstrated to occur predominantly in monomeric forms with an unusual free thiol group. Thus, a new picture emerged, pointing to diverse molecular functions for TFFs. Monomeric TFF1 might protect the gastric mucosa as a scavenger for extracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Whereas, the TFF2/MUC6 complex stabilizes the inner layer of the gastric mucus. In contrast, the TFF3-FCGBP heterodimer (and also TFF1-FCGBP) are likely part of the innate immune defense of mucous epithelia, preventing the infiltration of microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li HP, Xu CM, Wen BY, Li AQ, Zha GM, Jin XY, Zhao YZ, Feng LP, Cao YD, Yang GY, Wang YY, Zhong K. Extracellular production of recombinant sus scrofa trefoil factor 3 by Brevibacillus choshinensis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2149-2154. [PMID: 32104278 PMCID: PMC7027283 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is involved in cell adhesion, motility and apoptosis, regulates mucosal immunity and maintains the functional integrity of intestinal epithelia. The upregulation of TFF3 expression in the weaning rat intestine attracted our interest. The present study hypothesized that TFF3 may serve a role in preventing diarrhea in weaning piglets, which is an important consideration in the pig farming industry. Previous recombinant TFF3 protein expression yields obtained from Escherichia coli were too low and the bioactivity of the protein was poor. Hence, this expression system was unsuitable for industrial applications. The present study explored the production of recombinant sus scrofa TFF3 in a Brevibacillus choshinensis (B. choshinensis) expression system, aiming to enhance the expression level of bioactive protein. To achieve this, the sus scrofa TFF3-encoding gene fragment was fused into an E. coli-Brevibacillus shuttle vector pNCMO2. High levels of TFF3 (30 mg/l) were produced and secreted into the B. choshinensis culture medium in soluble form with a molecular mass of 13.6 kDa and high immunoreactivity in western blotting. Thus, Brevibacillus may be used to produce useful mucosal factors for biochemical analyses and mucosal protection, and in industrial applications to produce novel inhibitors of diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Mei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - An-Qi Li
- Kansas International College, Zhengzhou Sias University, Xinzheng, Henan 451100, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ming Zha
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Ze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Ping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Dong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Belle NM, Ji Y, Herbine K, Wei Y, Park J, Zullo K, Hung LY, Srivatsa S, Young T, Oniskey T, Pastore C, Nieves W, Somsouk M, Herbert DR. TFF3 interacts with LINGO2 to regulate EGFR activation for protection against colitis and gastrointestinal helminths. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4408. [PMID: 31562318 PMCID: PMC6764942 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) have important functions in nutrient absorption, barrier integrity, regeneration, pathogen-sensing, and mucus secretion. Goblet cells are a specialized cell type of IEC that secrete Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) to regulate mucus viscosity and wound healing, but whether TFF3-responsiveness requires a receptor is unclear. Here, we show that leucine rich repeat receptor and nogo-interacting protein 2 (LINGO2) is essential for TFF3-mediated functions. LINGO2 immunoprecipitates with TFF3, co-localizes with TFF3 on the cell membrane of IEC, and allows TFF3 to block apoptosis. We further show that TFF3-LINGO2 interactions disrupt EGFR-LINGO2 complexes resulting in enhanced EGFR signaling. Excessive basal EGFR activation in Lingo2 deficient mice increases disease severity during colitis and augments immunity against helminth infection. Conversely, TFF3 deficiency reduces helminth immunity. Thus, TFF3-LINGO2 interactions de-repress inhibitory LINGO2-EGFR complexes, allowing TFF3 to drive wound healing and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Maloney Belle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yingbiao Ji
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Karl Herbine
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yun Wei
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - JoonHyung Park
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Kelly Zullo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Li-Yin Hung
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Sriram Srivatsa
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tanner Young
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Taylor Oniskey
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Christopher Pastore
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Wildaliz Nieves
- Division of Gastroenterology at ZSFG, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology at ZSFG, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu X, Zheng H, Yang R, Luan X, Zhang L, Jin Q, Jin Y, Xue J. Mouse trefoil factor 3 ameliorated high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis via increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E436-E445. [PMID: 31211621 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00454.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic trefoil factor 3 (Tff3) was identified as a potential protein for the treatment of diabetes, yet the effect of Tff3 on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has never been explored. Here, we found that the expression of hepatic Tff3 was significantly decreased in NAFLD mice models, suggesting that Tff3 was a potential marker gene for NAFLD. Restoring the expression of Tff3 in the liver of NAFLD mice, including diabetic (db), obese (ob/ob), and diet-induced obese mice, with adenovirus-mediated Tff3 (Ad-Tff3) apparently attenuates the fatty liver phenotype. In contrast, adenovirus-mediated knockdown of Tff3 (Ad-shTff3) in C57BL/6J mice results in an obvious fatty liver phenotype. Furthermore, our molecular experiments indicated that hepatic Tff3 could alleviate hepatic steatosis via upregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) directly, thereby enhancing the fatty acid oxidation process in the liver. Notably, we found that Tff3 attenuates the fatty liver phenotype independent of modulation of lipogenesis and improves the capacity of anti-inflammation. Overall, our results suggested that hepatic Tff3 could be effectively used as a potential therapy target for the treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Central Laboratory, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Hongze Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiying Luan
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingsong Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yongjun Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiangnan Xue
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schäffler H, Li W, Helm O, Krüger S, Böger C, Peters F, Röcken C, Sebens S, Lucius R, Becker-Pauly C, Arnold P. The cancer-associated meprin β variant G32R provides an additional activation site and promotes cancer cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.220665. [PMID: 31076514 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.220665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular metalloprotease meprin β is expressed as a homodimer and is primarily membrane bound. Meprin β can be released from the cell surface by its known sheddases ADAM10 and ADAM17. Activation of pro-meprin β at the cell surface prevents its shedding, thereby stabilizing its proteolytic activity at the plasma membrane. We show that a single amino acid exchange variant (G32R) of meprin β, identified in endometrium cancer, is more active against a peptide substrate and the IL-6 receptor than wild-type meprin β. We demonstrate that the change to an arginine residue at position 32 represents an additional activation site used by furin-like proteases in the Golgi, which consequently leads to reduced shedding by ADAM17. We investigated this meprin β G32R variant to assess cell proliferation, invasion through a collagen IV matrix and outgrowth from tumor spheroids. We found that increased meprin β G32R activity at the cell surface reduces cell proliferation, but increases cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenjia Li
- Anatomical Institute, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3/14, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Böger
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3/14, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Biochemical Institute, Otto-Hahn Platz 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3/14, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Arnold
- Anatomical Institute, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Liang K, Kong W. Intestinal Trefoil Factor 3 Alleviates the Intestinal Barrier Function Through Reducing the Expression of TLR4 in Rats with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:2-9. [PMID: 31101239 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is relevant to intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of intestinal trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) on intestinal barrier function and endotoxin/toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) expression in NASH rats. METHODS Sixty NASH rats were divided into control, NASH and NASH-TFF3 treated group. Intestinal permeability, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), endotoxin (ET), diamine oxidase (DAO) and liver index were examined. HE and PAS staining were performed to observe the histopathology of liver and terminal ileum. Expression of TFF3 and occludin were detected by immunohistochemical staining. mRNA and protein expression of TLR4, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mucin-2(Muc2) were detected by RT-qPCR and Western Blot. Interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-10 levels in the ileum were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In NASH group, levels of AST, ALT, ET, DAO, NAS, liver index and intestinal permeability were higher while occludin expressions were lower than control and NASH-TFF3 treated groups (p <0.05). Histopathology examination showed pathological damages of liver and ileum were alleviated in NASH-TFF3 treated group. NASH-TFF3 treated group had decreased expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB and increased expression levels of Muc2 than NASH group. Besides, NASH group showed increased IL-1β and IL-10 levels compared with control group. NASH-TFF3 treated group showed decreased IL-1β level however increased IL-10 level compared with NASH group. CONCLUSION Recombinant human TFF3 (rhTFF3) can reduce the expression of TLR4, reduce intestinal permeability, alleviate liver damage and thus may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of NASH rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Weizong Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bast BO, Rickert U, Schneppenheim J, Cossais F, Wilms H, Arnold P, Lucius R. Aldosterone exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS stimulated microglia. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00826. [PMID: 30302409 PMCID: PMC6174543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, studies on microglia cell function in chronic neuro-inflammation and neuronal necrosis pointed towards an eminent role of these cells in Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease. It was found, that microglia cell activity can be stimulated towards a pro- or an anti-inflammatory profile, depending on the stimulating signals. Therefore, investigation of receptors expressed by microglia cells and ligands influencing their activation state is of eminent interest. A receptor found to be expressed by microglia cells is the mineralocorticoid receptor. One of its ligands is Aldosterone, a naturally produced steroid hormone of the adrenal cortex, which mainly induces homeostatic and renal effects. We evaluated if the addition of Aldosterone to LPS stimulated microglia cells changes their inflammatory profile. Therefore, we assessed the levels of nitric oxide (NO), iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 in untreated, LPS-treated and LPS/Aldosterone-treated microglia cells. Furthermore we analyzed p38-MAP-Kinase and NFκB signaling within these cells. Our results indicate that the co-stimulation with Aldosterone leads to a decrease of the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory effect and thus renders Aldosterone an anti-inflammatory agent in our model system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn-Ole Bast
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Uta Rickert
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janna Schneppenheim
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - François Cossais
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrik Wilms
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, 3601 4th Street, 79430 Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang J, Xing H, Wan L, Jiang X, Wang C, Wu Y. Treatment targets for M2 microglia polarization in ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:518-525. [PMID: 29883947 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first line of defense in the nervous system, resident microglia are the predominant immune cells in the brain. In diseases of the central nervous system such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, they often cause inflammation or phagocytosis; however, some studies have found that despite the current controversy over M1, M2 polarization could be beneficial. Ischemic stroke is the third most common cause of death in humans. Patients who survive an ischemic stroke might experience a clear decline in their quality of life, owing to conditions such as hemiplegic paralysis and aphasia. After stroke, the activated microglia become a double-edged sword, with distinct phenotypic changes to the deleterious M1 and neuroprotective M2 types. Therefore, methods for promoting the differentiation of microglia into the M2 polarized form to alleviate harmful reactions after stroke have become a topic of interest in recent years. Subsequently, the discovery of new drugs related to M2 polarization has enabled the realization of targeted therapies. In the present review, we discussed the neuroprotective effects of microglia M2 polarization and the potential mechanisms and drugs by which microglia can be transformed into the M2 polarized type after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongyi Xing
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin Wan
- The Children's Hospital of Soochow, Jiangsu, Hematology and Oncology, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|