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Zhang M, Li L, Zhang X. Identification of chemosensory genes and antennal sensilla in Nassophasis sp. (Coleoptera: Rhynchophorinae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101283. [PMID: 38972180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Phytophagous insects rely on plant volatiles to select and locate hosts for feeding or reproduction and their olfactory system is essential for detecting plant volatiles. The stem-boring pest, Nassophasis sp. damages Dendrobium and causes economic losses. Currently, there are no effective methods for its control. However, understanding the morphological and molecular basis of its olfactory system may identify new pathways for their management and control. In this study, we observed the stemborer's antennal sensilla using scanning electron microscopy, and transcriptome sequencing was undertaken to annotate and analyze its chemosensory genes. Results showed that the antennal morphology is similar between males and females, with five types of antennal sensilla observed: sensilla chaetica (SC), sensilla trichodea (ST), sensilla brush (SB), sensilla basiconica (SBA) and sensilla gemmiformium (SG). Sexual dimorphism was not observed in sensilla type, but in the length of SBA and SG. A total of 70 olfactory-related genes were annotated, including 16 odorant binding proteins (OBP), 5 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 26 olfactory receptors (ORs), 9 gustatory receptors (GRs), 10 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Most genes were highly expressed and 14 of these genes were only expressed in the head, and 7 genes in the abdomen. This study provides a theoretical basis for the olfactory perception of Nassophasis sp. and a scientific basis for developing new pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ximin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountain Area of Southwest of China, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
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2
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Cassau S, Krieger J. Evidence for a role of SNMP2 and antennal support cells in sensillum lymph clearance processes of moth pheromone-responsive sensilla. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 164:104046. [PMID: 38043913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In insect antenna, following the activation of olfactory sensory neurons, odorant molecules are inactivated by enzymes in the sensillum lymph. How the inactivation products are cleared from the sensillum lymph is presently unknown. Here we studied the role of support cells (SCs) and the so-called sensory neuron membrane protein 2 (SNMP2), a member of the CD36 family of lipid transporters abundantly expressed in SCs, in sensillum lymph clearance processes in the moths Heliothis virescens and Bombyx mori. In these species, the sex pheromone components are inactivated to long-chain fatty acids. To approach a role of SNMP2 in the removal of such inactivation products, we analyzed the uptake of a fluorescent long-chain fatty acid analog into a newly generated HvirSNMP2-expressing cell line. We found an increased uptake of the analog into SNMP2-cells compared to control cells, which could be blocked by the CD36 protein inhibitor, SSO. Furthermore, analyses of sensilla from antenna treated with the fatty acid analog indicated that SNMP2-expressing SCs are able to take up fatty acids from the sensillum lymph. In addition, sensilla from SSO-pretreated antenna of B. mori showed reduced removal of the fluorescent analog from the sensillum lymph. Finally, we revealed that SSO pretreatment of male silkmoth antenna significantly prolonged the duration of the female pheromone-induced wing-fluttering behavior, possibly as a result of impaired lymph clearance processes. Together our findings in H. virescens and B. mori support a pivotal role of olfactory SCs in sensillum lymph maintenance processes and suggest an integral role of SNMP2 in the removal of lipophilic "waste products" such as fatty acids resulting from sex pheromone inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Cassau
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Sheng Y, Chen J, Jiang H, Lu Y, Dong Z, Pang L, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Huang J. The vitellogenin receptor gene contributes to mating and host-searching behaviors in parasitoid wasps. iScience 2023; 26:106298. [PMID: 36950109 PMCID: PMC10025991 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is essential to vitellogenin uptaking and dominates ovary maturation in insects. However, the function of VgR in parasitoid wasps is largely unknown. Here, we applied the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi as a study model to investigate the function of VgR in parasitoids. Despite the conserved sequence characteristics with other insect VgRs, we found L. boulardi VgR (LbVgR) gene was highly expressed in head but lower in ovary. In addition, we found that LbVgR had no effects on ovary development, but participated in host-searching behavior of female L. boulardi and mating behavior of male L. boulardi. Comparative transcriptome analysis further revealed LbVgR might play crucial roles in regulating the expression of some important chemoreception genes to adjust the parasitoid behaviors. These results will broaden our knowledge of the function of VgR in insects, and contribute to develop advanced pest management strategies using parasitoids as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author
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Suzuki RH, Hanada T, Hayashi Y, Shigenobu S, Maekawa K, Hojo MK. Gene expression profiles of chemosensory genes of termite soldier and worker antennae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37017304 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Termites have an elaborate social system that involves cooperation and division of labour among colony members. Although this social system is regulated by chemical signals produced in the colony, it remains unclear how these signals are perceived by other members. Signal transduction is well known to be triggered by the reception of odorant molecules by some binding proteins in the antennae, after which, a signal is transmitted to chemosensory receptors. However, there is insufficient information on the role of chemosensory genes involved in signal transduction in termites. Here, we identified the genes involved in chemosensory reception in the termite Reticulitermes speratus and performed a genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis of worker and soldier antennae. First, we identified 31 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), and three chemosensory protein A (CheA) from the genome data. Thereafter, we performed RNA sequencing to compare the expression levels of OBPs, CheAs, and previously identified chemosensory receptor genes between worker and soldier antennae. There were no receptor genes with significant differences in expression between castes. However, the expression levels of three non-receptor odorant-detection/binding proteins (OBP, CheA, and Sensory neuron membrane protein) were significantly different between castes. Real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) analysis using antennae and other head parts confirmed that these genes were highly expressed in soldier antennae. Finally, independent RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression patterns of these genes were altered in soldiers from different social contexts. Present results suggest that gene expression levels of some non-receptors are affected by both castes and behavioural interactions among colony members in termites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei H Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takumi Hanada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | - Masaru K Hojo
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
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Cassau S, Degen A, Krüger S, Krieger J. The specific expression patterns of sensory neuron membrane proteins are retained throughout the development of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:100053. [PMID: 36874554 PMCID: PMC9974456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2023.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The desert locust Schistocerca gregaria detects odorants through olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that are surrounded by non-neuronal support cells (SCs). OSNs and SCs are housed in cuticle structures, named sensilla found abundantly on the antenna in all developmental stages of the hemimetabolic insect. In insects, multiple proteins expressed by OSNs and SCs are indicated to play a pivotal role in the detection of odorants. This includes insect-specific members of the CD36 family of lipid receptors and transporters called sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). While the distribution pattern of the SNMP1 and SNMP2 subtypes in OSNs and SCs across different sensilla types has been elucidated for the adult S. gregaria antenna, their localization in cells and sensilla of different developmental stages is unclear. Here, we determined the SNMP1 and SNMP2 expression topography on the antenna of the first, third and fifth instar nymphs. Through FIHC experiments we found that in all developmental stages SNMP1 is expressed in OSNs and SCs of the trichoid and basiconic sensilla while SNMP2 is restricted to the SCs of the basiconic and coeloconic sensilla thus resembling the adult arrangement. Our results demonstrate that both SNMP types have defined cell- and sensilla-specific distribution patterns established already in the first instar nymphs and retained into the adult stage. This conserved expression topography underlines the importance of SNMP1 and SNMP2 in olfactory processes throughout the development of the desert locust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Cassau
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Angelina Degen
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephanie Krüger
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Developmental Biology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Biocenter, Microscopy Unit, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Cassau S, Sander D, Karcher T, Laue M, Hause G, Breer H, Krieger J. The Sensilla-Specific Expression and Subcellular Localization of SNMP1 and SNMP2 Reveal Novel Insights into Their Roles in the Antenna of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070579. [PMID: 35886755 PMCID: PMC9317141 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, can form gigantic swarms of millions of individuals that devastate the vegetation of invaded landscapes. Locust food search, reproduction, and aggregation behaviors are triggered and controlled by complex olfactory signals. Insects detect odorants through different types of olfactory sensilla on the antenna that house olfactory sensory neurons and associated support cells, both of which express the proteins required for olfactory signaling. Among these proteins, two members of the CD36 lipid transporter/receptor family, named sensory neuron membrane proteins 1 and 2 (SNMP1 and SNMP2), are indicated to be of vital importance. Towards a better understanding of the role of the two SNMPs in the olfactory system of S. gregaria, we have analysed their antennal topography and subcellular localization using specific antibodies. The results indicate sensilla type- and cell type-specific distribution patterns of the SNMP proteins. SNMP1 was located in the receptive dendrites of subpopulations of olfactory sensory neurons as well as in the microvilli of associated support cells, suggesting a dual function of this protein, both in olfactory signal detection and in sensillum lymph maintenance, respectively. In contrast, SNMP2 was found solely in support cells and their microvilli membranes, suggesting a role limited to sensillum lymph recovery processes. Abstract Insect olfactory sensilla house olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and supports cells (SCs). The olfactory sensory processes require, besides the odorant receptors (ORs), insect-specific members of the CD36 family, named sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). While SNMP1 is considered to act as a coreceptor in the OR-mediated detection of pheromones, SNMP2 was found to be expressed in SCs; however, its function is unknown. For the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, we previously visualized mRNA for SNMP1 in OSNs and SNMP2 mRNA in cells associated with OSN clusters. Towards an understanding of their functional implication, it is imperative to explore the cellular and the subcellular localization the SNMP proteins. Therefore, we have generated polyclonal antibodies against SNMP1 and SNMP2 and used fluorescence immunohistochemistry (FIHC) to visualize the SNMP proteins. We found SNMP1 in the somata and respective dendrites of all OSNs in trichoid sensilla and in subsets of OSNs in basiconic sensilla. Notably, SNMP1 was also detected in SCs of these sensilla types. In contrast, SNMP2 protein was only visualized in SCs of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla, but not of trichoid sensilla. Exploring the subcellular localization by electron microscopy using anti-SNMP1-ab and anti-SNMP2-ab revealed an immunogold labelling of SC microvilli bordering the sensillum lymph. Together our findings suggest a dual role of SNMP1 in the antenna of S. gregaria, in some OSN subpopulations in odor detection as well as in functions of some SCs, whereas the role of SNMP2 is limited to the functions of support cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Cassau
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.S.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Doreen Sander
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Karcher
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.S.); (T.K.)
- BMG Labtech GmbH, 77799 Ortenberg, Germany
| | - Michael Laue
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 4 (ZBS 4), Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Gerd Hause
- Microscopy Unit, Biocenter, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Heinz Breer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (D.S.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.K.)
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Li H, Li W, Miao C, Wang G, Zhao M, Yuan G, Guo X. Identification of the differences in olfactory system between male and female oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 107:e21829. [PMID: 34191347 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory system of insects facilitates their search for host and mates, hence it plays an essential role for insect survival and reproduction. Insects recognize odor substances through olfactory neurons and olfactory genes. Previous studies showed that there are significant sex-specific differences in how insects identify odorant substances, especially sex pheromones. However, whether the sex-specific recognition of odorant substances is caused by differences in the expression of olfaction-related genes between males and females remains unclear. To clarify this problem, the whole transcriptome sequence of the adult Helicoverpa assulta, an important agricultural pest of tobacco and other Solanaceae plants, was obtained using Pacbio sequencing. RNA-seq analysis showed that there were 27 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 24 chemosensory proteins, 4 pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs), 68 odorant receptors and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) genes, that were expressed in the antennae of male and female H. assulta. Females had significantly higher expression of General odorant-binding protein 1-like, OBP, OBP3, PBP3 and SNMP1 than males, while males had significantly higher expression of GOBP1, OBP7, OBP13, PBP2 and SNMP2. These results improve our understanding of mate search and host differentiation in H. assulta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Palnt Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizheng Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changjian Miao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaoping Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Man Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianru Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
The sense of smell enables insects to recognize olfactory signals crucial for survival and reproduction. In insects, odorant detection highly depends on the interplay of distinct proteins expressed by specialized olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and associated support cells which are housed together in chemosensory units, named sensilla, mainly located on the antenna. Besides odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and olfactory receptors, so-called sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) are indicated to play a critical role in the detection of certain odorants. SNMPs are insect-specific membrane proteins initially identified in pheromone-sensitive OSNs of Lepidoptera and are indispensable for a proper detection of pheromones. In the last decades, genome and transcriptome analyses have revealed a wide distribution of SNMP-encoding genes in holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects, with a given species expressing multiple subtypes in distinct cells of the olfactory system. Besides SNMPs having a neuronal expression in subpopulations of OSNs, certain SNMP types were found expressed in OSN-associated support cells suggesting different decisive roles of SNMPs in the peripheral olfactory system. In this review, we will report the state of knowledge of neuronal and non-neuronal members of the SNMP family and discuss their possible functions in insect olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Cassau
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department of Animal Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Liu S, Chang H, Liu W, Cui W, Liu Y, Wang Y, Ren B, Wang G. Essential role for SNMP1 in detection of sex pheromones in Helicoverpa armigera. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 127:103485. [PMID: 33049282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sensory neuron membrane protein, SNMP1, was initially discovered in moths and is associated with sex pheromone sensitive neurons, suggesting a role in the detection of these semiochemicals. Although DrosophilaSNMP1 has been reported to be involved in detecting of the sex pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), the role of this protein in moths in vivo is still largely unexplored. In this study we developed a SNMP1-/- homozygous mutant line of Helicoverpa armigera using CRISPR/Cas9. Wind-tunnel behavioral experiments showed that HarmSNMP1-/- males could not be attracted by sex pheromones (Z11-16:Ald/Z9-16:Ald = 97/3), while mating behavior obvervations revealed that the SNMP1 mutant males didn't react much to calling females and the rate of copulation was significantly decreased. The electrophysiological results indicated that HarmSNMP1 contributes to the detection of 16-carbon liner sex pheromones, (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9-16:Ald), (Z)-11-hexadecanol (Z11-16:OH) and 16-carbon acetate (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:OAc), but is not required for detecting the 14-carbon sex pheromone component (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14:Ald) an analogue of Z11-16:Ald, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl formate (Z9-14:OFor), which can activate the Z11-16:Ald-responsive neuron. Taken together, our studies indicated that HarmSNMP1 has an important role in the detection of long-chain sex pheromones, but is not essential for detecting shorter chain sex pheromone in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hetan Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weichan Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yinliang Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Bingzhong Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
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Han H, Liu Z, Meng F, Jiang Y, Cai J. Identification of olfactory genes of a forensically important blow fly, Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9581. [PMID: 32844056 PMCID: PMC7414772 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The time-length between the first colonization of necrophagous insect on the corpse and the beginning of investigation represents the most important forensic concept of minimum post-mortem inference (PMImin). Before colonization, the time spent by an insect to detect and locate a corpse could significantly influence the PMImin estimation. The olfactory system plays an important role in insect food foraging behavior. Proteins like odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs) and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) represent the most important parts of this system. Exploration of the above genes and their necrophagous products should facilitate not only the understanding of their roles in forging but also their influence on the period before PMImin. Transcriptome sequencing has been wildly utilized to reveal the expression of particular genes under different temporal and spatial condition in a high throughput way. In this study, transcriptomic study was implemented on antennae of adult Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a necrophagous insect with forensic significance, to reveal the composition and expression feature of OBPs, CSPs, ORs, IRs and SNMPs genes at transcriptome level. Method Antennae transcriptome sequencing of A. grahami was performed using next-generation deep sequencing on the platform of BGISEQ-500. The raw data were deposited into NCBI (PRJNA513084). All the transcripts were functionally annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed between female and male antennae. The transcripts of OBPs, CSPs, ORs, IRs and SNMPs were identified based on sequence feature. Phylogenetic development of olfactory genes of A. grahami with other species was analyzed using MEGA 5.0. RT-qPCR was utilized to verify gene expression generated from the transcriptome sequencing. Results In total, 14,193 genes were annotated in the antennae transcriptome based on the GO and the KEGG databases. We found that 740 DEGs were differently expressed between female and male antennae. Among those, 195 transcripts were annotated as candidate olfactory genes then checked by sequence feature. Of these, 27 OBPs, one CSPs, 49 ORs, six IRs and two SNMPs were finally identified in antennae of A. grahami. Phylogenetic development suggested that some olfactory genes may play a role in food forging, perception of pheromone and decomposing odors. Conclusion Overall, our results suggest the existence of gender and spatial expression differences in olfactory genes from antennae of A. grahami. Such differences are likely to greatly influence insect behavior around a corpse. In addition, candidate olfactory genes with predicted function provide valuable information for further studies of the molecular mechanisms of olfactory detection of forensically important fly species and thus deepen our understanding of the period before PMImin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuoying Liu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fanming Meng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangshuai Jiang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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