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Vieira CP, Martins Lara NDLE, Procópio MS, Avelar GF. Optimization of spermatozoa analysis in mice: A comprehensive protocol. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102463. [PMID: 38981185 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Sperm quality is critical to predict reproductive alterations caused by immunological factors or toxicant agents. Yet, no detailed protocol has been published focusing on analyses of sperm parameters in mice. Our aim was to evaluate the most efficient diluent for mice sperm analyses and to optimize the sperm morphology classification, through the comparison of different staining methods. The diluents assessed were PBS (baseline), HTF, DMEM, 1 % BSA in PBS and 9 % skimmed powdered milk diluted in PBS. Spermatozoa were evaluated for vitality, motility, and morphology, smears were stained with Papanicolaou, HE, Giemsa, and Rapid staining. Sperm vitality and total motility reached better scores in milk based and DMEM diluents. HE raised up as an effective option since its combination with any of the diluents we tested, resulted in a fair staining, which was appropriated to evaluate mice spermatozoa. Finally, based on WHO manual, we have updated the current morphological classification for mice sperm, since we have detailed the head defects as well as included midpiece and tail defects on it. Taken together, we presented a useful, low cost, and reliable method to assess sperm morphology that could be employed worldwide by laboratories dedicated to study reproductive biology on mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pinhol Vieira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Santos Procópio
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gleide Fernandes Avelar
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Marroncini G, Anceschi C, Naldi L, Fibbi B, Brogi M, Lanzilao L, Fanelli A, Maggi M, Peri A. Hyponatremia-related liver steatofibrosis and impaired spermatogenesis: evidence from a mouse model of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:967-983. [PMID: 36436190 PMCID: PMC10105679 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolytic disorder in clinical practice. In addition to neurological symptoms, hyponatremia, even when mild/moderate and chronic, has been related to other manifestations, such as bone demineralization and increased risk of fractures. To better elucidate tissue alterations associated with reduced serum sodium concentration [Na+], we developed an in vivo model of hyponatremia secondary to the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis. METHODS AND RESULTS Hyponatremia was induced in Foxn1nu/nu mice by subcutaneous infusion of the vasopressin analog 1-deamino [8-D-arginine] vasopressin (dDAVP) for 14 days via osmotic mini-pumps. Mice in the control group were infused with isotonic saline solution. Serum [Na+] progressively decreased, with a nadir of 123.4 ± 2.3 mEq/L (mean ± SD, dDAVP 0.3 ng/h) and 111.6 ± 4.7 mEq/L (mean ± SD, dDAVP 0.5 ng/h). Evident signs of liver steatofibrosis were observed at histology in hyponatremic mice. Accordingly, the expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism (SREBP-1, PPARα and PPARγ) and in myofibroblast formation (αSMA and CTGF) significantly increased. Furthermore, heme oxygenase 1 expression was up-regulated in Kupffer and hepatic stellate cells in the liver of hyponatremic mice. Testis alterations were also observed. In particular, the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium appeared reduced. The expression levels of PCNA and PTMA, which are involved in DNA replication and germ cells maturation, were markedly reduced in the testis of hyponatremic mice. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings shed new light on the possible consequences of chronic hyponatremia and prompt a more thorough evaluation of hyponatremic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marroncini
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - C Anceschi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Naldi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - B Fibbi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Brogi
- Central Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Lanzilao
- Central Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - A Fanelli
- Central Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - A Peri
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- Endocrinology, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Dias FCR, Matta SLP, Soares MB, Oliveira EL, Melo FCSA, Parizotto NA, Gomes AO, Gomes MLM. Alterations in the testicular parenchyma of Foxn1+/- and Foxn1-/- adult mice. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211123. [PMID: 35703697 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nude mice carry an autosomal recessive mutation in the Foxn1 gene and therefore are homozygous recessive animals (Foxn1 -/-). The fertility rate of homozygous male (Foxn1-/- ) is low, which seems to be related to the delay in the production of gametes at the beginning of sexual maturity. The present study evaluated the structural and organizational aspects of the testicles of homozygous and heterozygous offspring related to the Foxn1 gene in mice, describing its implications on spermatogenesis. Adult males Balb/c, Foxn1+/- and Foxn1-/- mice were used. Testes and epididymis were harvested for histological, biochemical, and sperm transit analyses. Gonadal weight was significantly lower in Foxn1+/- and Foxn1-/- animals, the same behavior was noticed for the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, tubular parameters such as epithelial proportion, length, and area, as well as germ and Leydig cell's populations were significantly reduced in the aforementioned groups, leading to lower sperm production. In conclusion, our results indicate the importance of the Foxn1 in Leydig cell's function, reflecting in the preservation of spermatogenesis, thus in germ cell's population and sperm cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C R Dias
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural/ICBN, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, 38022-180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Veterinária, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L P Matta
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Michelle B Soares
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Campus São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Caixa Postal 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth L Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C S A Melo
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo A Parizotto
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Campus São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Caixa Postal 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelica O Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural/ICBN, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, 38022-180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos L M Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural/ICBN, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, 38022-180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Gonçalves MFF, Lacerda SMDSN, Lara NDLEM, Oliveira CFAD, Figueiredo AFA, Brener MRG, Cavalcante MA, Santos AK, Campolina-Silva GH, Costa VV, Santana ACC, Lopes RA, Szawka RE, Costa GMJ. GATA-1 mutation alters the spermatogonial phase and steroidogenesis in adult mouse testis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 542:111519. [PMID: 34843900 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
GATA-1 is a transcription factor from the GATA family, which features zinc fingers for DNA binding. This protein was initially identified as a crucial regulator of blood cell differentiation, but it is currently known that the Gata-1 gene expression is not limited to this system. Although the testis is also a site of significant GATA-1 expression, its role in testicular cells remains considerably unexplored. In the present study, we evaluated the testicular morphophysiology of adult ΔdblGATA mice with a mutation in the GATA-1 protein. Regarding testicular histology, GATA-1 mutant mice exhibited few changes in the seminiferous tubules, particularly in germ cells. A high proportion of differentiated spermatogonia, an increased number of apoptotic pre-leptotene spermatocytes (Caspase-3-positive), and a high frequency of sperm head defects were observed in ΔdblGATA mice. The main differences were observed in the intertubular compartment, as ΔdblGATA mice showed several morphofunctional changes in Leydig cells. Reduced volume, increased number and down-regulation of steroidogenic enzymes were observed in ΔdblGATA Leydig cells. Moreover, the mutant animal showed lower serum testosterone concentration and high LH levels. These results are consistent with the phenotypic and biometric data of mutant mice, i.e., shorter anogenital index and reduced accessory sexual gland weight. In conclusion, our findings suggest that GATA-1 protein is an important factor for germ cell differentiation as well as for the steroidogenic activity in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Felipe Fonseca Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Samyra Maria Dos Santos Nassif Lacerda
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nathália de Lima E Martins Lara
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Felipe Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Almeida Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rocha Gouvêa Brener
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Alcântara Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson Kenedy Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiac Signaling, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Henrique Campolina-Silva
- Center for Research and Development of Pharmaceuticals, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Center for Research and Development of Pharmaceuticals, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Campideli Santana
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberta Araújo Lopes
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael Escorsim Szawka
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Mattos Jardim Costa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Comparative testis structure and function in three representative mice strains. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:391-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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