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Hinostroza F, Araya-Duran I, Piñeiro A, Lobos I, Pastenes L. Transcription factor roles in the local adaptation to temperature in the Andean Spiny Toad Rhinella spinulosa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15158. [PMID: 38956427 PMCID: PMC11220030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental temperature strongly influences the adaptation dynamics of amphibians, whose limited regulation capabilities render them susceptible to thermal oscillations. A central element of the adaptive strategies is the transcription factors (TFs), which act as master regulators that orchestrate stress responses, enabling species to navigate the fluctuations of their environment skillfully. Our study delves into the intricate relationship between TF expression and thermal adaptation mechanisms in the Rhinella spinulosa populations. We sought to elucidate the dynamic modulations of TF expression in prometamorphic and metamorphic tadpoles that inhabit two thermally contrasting environments (Catarpe and El Tatio Geyser, Chile) and which were exposed to two thermal treatments (25 °C vs. 20 °C). Our findings unravel an intriguing dichotomy in response strategies between these populations. First, results evidence the expression of 1374 transcription factors. Regarding the temperature shift, the Catarpe tadpoles show a multifaceted approach by up-regulating crucial TFs, including fosB, atf7, and the androgen receptor. These dynamic regulatory responses likely underpin the population's ability to navigate thermal fluctuations effectively. In stark contrast, the El Tatio tadpoles exhibit a more targeted response, primarily up-regulating foxc1. This differential expression suggests a distinct focus on specific TFs to mitigate the effects of temperature variations. Our study contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms governing thermal adaptation responses and highlights the resilience and adaptability of amphibians in the face of ever-changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Hinostroza
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro Para la Investigación Traslacional en Neurofarmacología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ingrid Araya-Duran
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Piñeiro
- Laboratorio de Genética y Microevolución, Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Isabel Lobos
- Laboratorio de Genética y Microevolución, Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Luis Pastenes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Microevolución, Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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Ujszegi J, Bertalan R, Ujhegyi N, Verebélyi V, Nemesházi E, Mikó Z, Kásler A, Herczeg D, Szederkényi M, Vili N, Gál Z, Hoffmann OI, Bókony V, Hettyey A. "Heat waves" experienced during larval life have species-specific consequences on life-history traits and sexual development in anuran amphibians. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155297. [PMID: 35439501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extreme temperatures during heat waves can induce mass-mortality events, but can also exert sublethal negative effects by compromising life-history traits and derailing sexual development. Ectothermic animals may, however, also benefit from increased temperatures via enhanced physiological performance and the suppression of cold-adapted pathogens. Therefore, it is crucial to address how the intensity and timing of naturally occurring or human-induced heat waves affect life-history traits and sexual development in amphibians, to predict future effects of climate change and to minimize risks arising from the application of elevated temperature in disease mitigation. We raised agile frog (Rana dalmatina) and common toad (Bufo bufo) tadpoles at 19 °C and exposed them to a simulated heat wave of 28 or 30 °C for six days during one of three ontogenetic periods (early, mid or late larval development). In agile frogs, exposure to 30 °C during early larval development increased mortality. Regardless of timing, all heat-treatments delayed metamorphosis, and exposure to 30 °C decreased body mass at metamorphosis. Furthermore, exposure to 30 °C during any period and to 28 °C late in development caused female-to-male sex reversal, skewing sex ratios strongly towards males. In common toads, high temperature only slightly decreased survival and did not influence phenotypic sex ratio, while it reduced metamorph mass and length of larval development. Juvenile body mass measured 2 months after metamorphosis was not adversely affected by temperature treatments in either species. Our results indicate that heat waves may have devastating effects on amphibian populations, and the severity of these negative consequences, and sensitivity can vary greatly between species and with the timing and intensity of heat. Finally, thermal treatments against cold-adapted pathogens have to be executed with caution, taking into account the thermo-sensitivity of the species and the life stage of animals to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Ujszegi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Réka Bertalan
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Ujhegyi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Verebélyi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Nemesházi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Ecology, Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsanett Mikó
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kásler
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Herczeg
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Szederkényi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Vili
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gál
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Orsolya I Hoffmann
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Veronika Bókony
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Ecology, Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Hettyey
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Ecology, Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Hao S, Liu C, Ma C, Guo W, Kang L. Embryonic Development of Grasshopper Populations Along Latitudinal Gradients Reveal Differential Thermoaccumulation for Adaptation to Climate Warming. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.736456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate warming has a remarkable effect on the distribution, phenology, and development of insects. Although the embryonic development and phenology of non-diapause grasshopper species are more susceptible to warming than those of diapause species, the responses of developmental traits in conspecifically different populations to climate warming remain unknown. Here, we compared the mtDNA sequences and embryonic development of eight populations of grasshopper species (Chorthippus dubius) in field-based manipulated warming and laboratory experiments. The mtDNA sequences showed a significant genetic differentiation of the southernmost population from the other seven populations on the Mongolian Plateau. The embryonic development of the southernmost population was significantly slower than those of the northern populations at the same incubation temperatures. Interestingly, laboratory experiments showed that a significant difference exists in the effective accumulated degree days (EADD) but not in the lower development threshold temperatures (LDTT) among the different populations. The high-latitude populations required less EADD than the low-latitude populations. The warming treatments significantly accelerated the embryonic development in the field and decreased duration from embryos to hatchlings of all eight populations in the incubation. In addition, warming treatments in field significantly increased EADD requirement per stage in the incubation. Linear regression model confirmed that the embryonic development characteristics of eight populations were correlated with the annual mean temperature and total precipitation of embryonic development duration. The results indicated that grasshopper species have evolved a strategy of adjusting their EADD but not their LDTT to adapt to temperature changes. The variations in the EADD among the different populations enabled the grasshopper eggs to buffer the influences of higher temperatures on development and preserve their univoltine nature in temperate regions while encountering warmer climatic conditions. Thus, the findings of this study is valuable for our understanding species variation and evolution, and as such has direct implication for modeling biological response to climate warming.
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Plesnar‐Bielak A, Łukasiewicz A. Sexual conflict in a changing environment. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1854-1867. [PMID: 33960630 PMCID: PMC8518779 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sexual conflict has extremely important consequences for various evolutionary processes including its effect on local adaptation and extinction probability during environmental change. The awareness that the intensity and dynamics of sexual conflict is highly dependent on the ecological setting of a population has grown in recent years, but much work is yet to be done. Here, we review progress in our understanding of the ecology of sexual conflict and how the environmental sensitivity of such conflict feeds back into population adaptivity and demography, which, in turn, determine a population's chances of surviving a sudden environmental change. We link two possible forms of sexual conflict - intralocus and interlocus sexual conflict - in an environmental context and identify major gaps in our knowledge. These include sexual conflict responses to fluctuating and oscillating environmental changes and its influence on the interplay between interlocus and intralocus sexual conflict, among others. We also highlight the need to move our investigations into more natural settings and to investigate sexual conflict dynamics in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Plesnar‐Bielak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of BiologyJagiellonian Universityul. Gronostajowa 730‐387KrakówPoland
| | - Aleksandra Łukasiewicz
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandPO Box 11180101JoensuuFinland
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz Universityul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 661‐614PoznańPoland
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Villeneuve AR, Komoroske LM, Cheng BS. Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210741. [PMID: 34315262 PMCID: PMC8316808 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations within species often exhibit variation in traits that reflect local adaptation and further shape existing adaptive potential for species to respond to climate change. However, our mechanistic understanding of how the environment shapes trait variation remains poor. Here, we used common garden experiments to quantify thermal performance in eight populations of the marine snail Urosalpinx cinerea across thermal gradients on the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of North America. We then evaluated the relationship between thermal performance and environmental metrics derived from time-series data. Our results reveal a novel pattern of 'mixed' trait performance adaptation, where thermal optima were positively correlated with spawning temperature (cogradient variation), while maximum trait performance was negatively correlated with season length (countergradient variation). This counterintuitive pattern probably arises because of phenological shifts in the spawning season, whereby 'cold' populations delay spawning until later in the year when temperatures are warmer compared to 'warm' populations that spawn earlier in the year when temperatures are cooler. Our results show that variation in thermal performance can be shaped by multiple facets of the environment and are linked to organismal phenology and natural history. Understanding the impacts of climate change on organisms, therefore, requires the knowledge of how climate change will alter different aspects of the thermal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Villeneuve
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Gloucester Marine Station, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA
| | - Lisa M. Komoroske
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Gloucester Marine Station, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA
| | - Brian S. Cheng
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Gloucester Marine Station, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA
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6
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Geographic variation in shape and size of anuran tadpoles: Interpopulation comparisons in Scinax fuscovarius (Anura, Hylidae). ZOOLOGY 2020; 144:125855. [PMID: 33238234 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among anuran species with biphasic life cycle, the occurrence of intraspecific larval morphotypes has been related to variations in developmental time, diet, geographical variation, or response to predators. Here, we evaluated the external morphological variation of larvae among three populations, located more than 270 km apart, of the anuran hylid Scinax fuscovarius by linear and geometric methods, to elucidate the presence of geographically different morphs. Comparisons targeted development, growth, and external morphology. Studied populations exhibited differences in reproductive seasonality, growth rate, timing of development, shape, and size. Shape and size comparisons revealed two well-differentiated morphs, one of them shared by the two closest populations. Morphological differences evidenced a smaller and depressed form of the entire body plan in the most distant population, which showed continuous reproduction throughout the rainy season and under more unpredictable conditions. We interpret the occurrence of the two different larval morphs in S. fuscovarius as a by-product of local geographical conditions, and discuss on possible associations with biotic and abiotic factors cues.
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Kutcherov D. Stagewise resolution of temperature-dependent embryonic and postembryonic development in the cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). BMC Ecol 2020; 20:50. [PMID: 32917176 PMCID: PMC7488527 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thermal plasticity of life-history traits receives wide attention in the recent biological literature. Of all the temperature-dependent traits studied, developmental rates of ectotherms are especially often addressed, and yet surprisingly little is known about embryonic responses to temperature, including changes in the thermal thresholds and thermal sensitivity during early development. Even postembryonic development of many cryptically living species is understood superficially at best. RESULTS This study is the first to estimate the exact durations of developmental stages in the cowpea seed beetle C. maculatus from oviposition to adult emergence at five permissive constant temperatures from 20 to 32 °C. Early embryonic development was tracked and documented by means of destructive sampling and subsequent confocal imaging of fluorescently stained specimens. Late embryonic and early larval development was studied with the use of destructive sampling and light microscopy. Well-resolved temporal series based on thousands of embryos allowed precise timing of the following developmental events: formation of the blastoderm; formation, elongation, and retraction of the germ band; dorsal closure; the onset and completion of sclerotization of the cuticle; hatching, and penetration of the first-instar larva into the cowpea seed. Pupation and adult eclosion were observed directly through an incision in the seed coat. The thermal phenotype of C. maculatus was found to vary in the course of ontogeny and different stages scaled disproportionately with temperature, but pitfalls and caveats associated with analyses of relative durations of individual stages are also briefly discussed. CONCLUSION Disproportionate changes in developmental durations with temperature may have important implications when study design requires a high degree of synchronization among experimental embryos or when the occurrence of particular stages in the field is of interest, as well as in any other cases when development times need to be estimated with precision. This work provides one of the first examples of integration of embryological techniques with ecophysiological concepts and will hopefully motivate similar projects in the future. While experiments with Drosophila continue to be the main source of information on animal development, knowledge on other model species is instrumental to building a broader picture of developmental phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kutcherov
- Department of Entomology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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8
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Ruthsatz K, Dausmann KH, Drees C, Becker LI, Hartmann L, Reese J, Reinhardt S, Robinson T, Sabatino NM, Peck MA, Glos J. Altered thyroid hormone levels affect the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity in larvae of Rana temporaria and Xenopus laevis. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102599. [PMID: 32479394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anuran larvae show phenotypic plasticity in age and size at metamorphosis as a response to temperature variation. The capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity is determined by the thermal adaptation of a population. Multiple factors such as physiological responses to changing environmental conditions, however, might influence this capacity as well. In anuran larvae, thyroid hormone (TH) levels control growth and developmental rate and changes in TH status are a well-known stress response to sub-optimal environmental conditions. We investigated how chemically altered TH levels affect the capacity to exhibit temperature-induced developmental plasticity in larvae of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and the common frog (Rana temporaria). In both species, TH level influenced growth and developmental rate and modified the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity. High TH levels reduced thermal sensitivity of metamorphic traits up to 57% (R. temporaria) and 36% (X. laevis). Rates of growth and development were more plastic in response to temperature in X. laevis (+30%) than in R. temporaria (+6%). Plasticity in rates of growth and development is beneficial to larvae in heterogeneous habitats as it allows a more rapid transition into the juvenile stage where rates of mortality are lower. Therefore, environmental stressors that increase endogenous TH levels and reduce temperature-dependent plasticity may increase risks and the vulnerability of anuran larvae. As TH status also influences metabolism, future studies should investigate whether reductions in physiological plasticity also increases the vulnerability of tadpoles to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kathrin H Dausmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Claudia Drees
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Laura I Becker
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Hartmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Janica Reese
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Reinhardt
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tom Robinson
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nikita M Sabatino
- Department of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Myron A Peck
- Institute of Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Große Elbstrasse 133, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julian Glos
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Eyck HJ, Buchanan KL, Crino OL, Jessop TS. Effects of developmental stress on animal phenotype and performance: a quantitative review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1143-1160. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J.F. Eyck
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Katherine L. Buchanan
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Ondi L. Crino
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Tim S. Jessop
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
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Rivas J, Quiero A, Penna M, Velásquez NA. Body-Size Variation across Environmental Gradients in an Ectothermic Organism: An Intraspecific Approach to Ecogeographic Patterns. HERPETOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-17-00039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rivas
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, San Miguel 3605, 3480112, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiero
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, San Miguel 3605, 3480112, Talca, Chile
| | - Mario Penna
- Laboratorio de Neuroetología, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson A. Velásquez
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, San Miguel 3605, 3480112, Talca, Chile
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O'Neill EM, Beard KH, Fox CW. Body Size and Life History Traits in Native and Introduced Populations of Coqui Frogs. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-17-642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Tüzün N, Stoks R. Pathways to fitness: carry-over effects of late hatching and urbanisation on lifetime mating success. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology; Univ. of Leuven; Deberiotstraat 32 BE-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology; Univ. of Leuven; Deberiotstraat 32 BE-3000 Leuven Belgium
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13
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Li T, Cao P, Bei YJ, Du WG. Latitudinal and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Embryonic Development Rate and Offspring Performance in a Freshwater Turtle. Physiol Biochem Zool 2018; 91:673-681. [DOI: 10.1086/694856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Tüzün N, Stoks R. Carry-Over Effects Across Metamorphosis of a Pesticide on Female Lifetime Fitness Strongly Depend on Egg Hatching Phenology: A Longitudinal Study under Seminatural Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13949-13956. [PMID: 29112811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Current ecological risk assessment of pesticides fails to protect aquatic biodiversity. For the first time, we tested two potential reasons for this failure with regard to carry-over effects across metamorphosis: their dependence on hatching period, and the lack of studies quantifying adult fitness under seminatural conditions. Using the damselfly Coenagrion puella sampled from six populations, we designed an outdoor longitudinal one-year study starting from the egg stage. We exposed the aquatic larvae to the pesticide esfenvalerate (0.11 μg/L) during the initial microcosm part. Next, we monitored the lifetime fitness of the terrestrial adults in an insectary. Exposure to the pesticide negatively impacted not only larval traits, but also drastically reduced lifetime mating success of adult females. The impact of this postmetamorphic effect of the pesticide on the population level was three times more important than the effects in the larval stage. Importantly, this carry-over effect was only present in females that hatched early in the season, and was not mediated by metamorphic traits (age and mass at emergence). We provide proof-of-principle under seminatural conditions for two potential pitfalls that need to be considered when improving risk assessment: carry-over effects on adult fitness can (i) be much more important than effects during the larval stage and may not be captured by metamorphic traits, and (ii) be strongly modulated by egg hatching dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven , Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven , Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Pastenes L, Valdivieso C, Di Genova A, Travisany D, Hart A, Montecino M, Orellana A, Gonzalez M, Gutiérrez RA, Allende ML, Maass A, Méndez MA. Global gene expression analysis provides insight into local adaptation to geothermal streams in tadpoles of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1966. [PMID: 28512324 PMCID: PMC5434060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anuran Rhinella spinulosa is distributed along the Andes Range at altitudes that undergo wide daily and seasonal variation in temperature. One of the populations inhabits geothermal streams, a stable environment that influences life history traits such as the timing of metamorphosis. To investigate whether this population has undergone local adaptation to this unique habitat, we carried out transcriptome analyses in animals from two localities in two developmental stages (prometamorphic and metamorphic) and exposed them to two temperatures (20 and 25 °C). RNA-Seq, de novo assembly and annotation defined a transcriptome revealing 194,469 high quality SNPs, with 1,507 genes under positive selection. Comparisons among the experimental conditions yielded 1,593 differentially expressed genes. A bioinformatics search for candidates revealed a total of 70 genes that are highly likely to be implicated in the adaptive response of the population living in a stable environment, compared to those living in an environment with variable temperatures. Most importantly, the population inhabiting the geothermal environment showed decreased transcriptional plasticity and reduced genetic variation compared to its counterpart from the non-stable environment. This analysis will help to advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that account for the local adaptation to geothermal streams in anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Pastenes
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca, Chile
| | - Camilo Valdivieso
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Di Genova
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Mathematical Modeling, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dante Travisany
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Mathematical Modeling, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew Hart
- Center for Mathematical Modeling, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Montecino
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 239, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Orellana
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Gonzalez
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Miguel L Allende
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Maass
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Mathematical Modeling, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ingeniería Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco A Méndez
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada 2085, Santiago, Chile. .,Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile. .,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile.
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16
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Small-scale spatial and temporal variation of life-history traits of common frogs (Rana temporaria) in sub-Arctic Finland. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Drakulić S, Feldhaar H, Lisičić D, Mioč M, Cizelj I, Seiler M, Spatz T, Rödel MO. Population-specific effects of developmental temperature on body condition and jumping performance of a widespread European frog. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3115-28. [PMID: 27092238 PMCID: PMC4823144 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
All physiological processes of ectotherms depend on environmental temperature. Thus, adaptation of physiological mechanisms to the thermal environments is important for achieving optimal performance and fitness. The European Common Frog, Rana temporaria, is widely distributed across different thermal habitats. This makes it an exceptional model for studying the adaptations to different thermal conditions. We raised tadpoles from Germany and Croatia at two constant temperature treatments (15°C, 20°C), and under natural temperature fluctuations (in outdoor treatments), and tested how different developmental temperatures affected developmental traits, that is, length of larval development, morphometrics, and body condition, as well as jumping performance of metamorphs. Our results revealed population‐specific differences in developmental time, body condition, and jumping performance. Croatian frogs developed faster in all treatments, were heavier, in better body condition, and had longer hind limbs and better jumping abilities than German metamorphs. The populations further differed in thermal sensitivity of jumping performance. While metamorphs from Croatia increased their jumping performance with higher temperatures, German metamorphs reached their performance maximum at lower temperatures. These population‐specific differences in common environments indicate local genetic adaptation, with southern populations being better adapted to higher temperatures than those from north of the Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Drakulić
- Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Duje Lisičić
- Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Mia Mioč
- Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Michael Seiler
- Department of Animal Ecology I Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Theresa Spatz
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
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18
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Liao WB, Luo Y, Lou SL, Lu D, Jehle R. Geographic variation in life-history traits: growth season affects age structure, egg size and clutch size in Andrew's toad (Bufo andrewsi). Front Zool 2016; 13:6. [PMID: 26865855 PMCID: PMC4748633 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental variation associated with season length is likely to promote differentiation in life-history traits, but has been little studied in natural populations of ectotherms. We investigated patterns of variation in egg size, clutch size, age at sexual maturity, maximum age, mean age, growth rate and adult body size in relation to growth season length among 17 populations of Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi) at different latitudes and altitudes in the Hengduan Mountains, western China. Results We found that egg size, age at sexual maturity, and mean age increased with decreasing length of the growth season, whereas clutch size showed a converse cline. Body size did not increase with decreasing length of the growth season, but was tightly linked to lifetime activity (i.e. the estimated number of active days during lifetime). Males and females differed in their patterns of geographic variation in growth rates, which may be the result of forces shaping the trade-off between growth and reproduction in different environments. Conclusions Our findings suggest that growth season plays an important role in shaping variation in life-history traits in B. andrewsi across geographical gradients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0138-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009 Sichuan China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009 Sichuan China
| | - Shang Ling Lou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009 Sichuan China
| | - Di Lu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009 Sichuan China
| | - Robert Jehle
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, M5 4WT Salford, UK
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19
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Ludwig G, Sinsch U, Pelster B. Behavioural adaptations of Rana temporaria to cold climates. J Therm Biol 2015; 49-50:82-90. [PMID: 25774030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions at the edge of a species' ecological optimum can exert great ecological or evolutionary pressure at local populations. For ectotherms like amphibians temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors of their environment as it influences directly their metabolism and sets limits to their distribution. Amphibians have evolved three ways to cope with sub-zero temperatures: freeze tolerance, freeze protection, freeze avoidance. The aim of this study was to assess which strategy common frogs at mid and high elevation use to survive and thrive in cold climates. In particular we (1) tested for the presence of physiological freeze protection, (2) evaluated autumnal activity and overwintering behaviour with respect to freeze avoidance and (3) assessed the importance of different high-elevation microhabitats for behavioural thermoregulation. Common frogs did not exhibit any signs of freeze protection when experiencing temperatures around 0 °C. Instead they retreated to open water for protection and overwintering. High elevation common frogs remained active for around the same period of time than their conspecifics at lower elevation. Our results suggest that at mid and high elevation common frogs use freeze avoidance alone to survive temperatures below 0 °C. The availability of warm microhabitats, such as rock or pasture, provides high elevation frogs with the opportunity of behavioural thermoregulation and thus allows them to remain active at temperatures at which common frogs at lower elevation cease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Ludwig
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ulrich Sinsch
- Institute of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Bernd Pelster
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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20
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Zhao B, Chen Y, Lu HL, Zeng ZG, Du WG. Latitudinal differences in temperature effects on the embryonic development and hatchling phenotypes of the Asian yellow pond turtle,Mauremys mutica. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310036 China
| | - Ye Chen
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310036 China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310036 China
| | - Zhi-Gao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Wei-Guo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
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21
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Rodrigues N, Betto-Colliard C, Jourdan-Pineau H, Perrin N. Within-population polymorphism of sex-determination systems in the common frog (Rana temporaria). J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1569-77. [PMID: 23711162 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In sharp contrast with birds and mammals, the sex chromosomes of ectothermic vertebrates are often undifferentiated, for reasons that remain debated. A linkage map was recently published for Rana temporaria (Linnaeus, 1758) from Fennoscandia (Eastern European lineage), with a proposed sex-determining role for linkage group 2 (LG2). We analysed linkage patterns in lowland and highland populations from Switzerland (Western European lineage), with special focus on LG2. Sibship analyses showed large differences from the Fennoscandian map in terms of recombination rates and loci order, pointing to large-scale inversions or translocations. All linkage groups displayed extreme heterochiasmy (total map length was 12.2 cM in males, versus 869.8 cM in females). Sex determination was polymorphic within populations: a majority of families (with equal sex ratios) showed a strong correlation between offspring phenotypic sex and LG2 paternal haplotypes, whereas other families (some of which with female-biased sex ratios) did not show any correlation. The factors determining sex in the latter could not be identified. This coexistence of several sex-determination systems should induce frequent recombination of X and Y haplotypes, even in the absence of male recombination. Accordingly, we found no sex differences in allelic frequencies on LG2 markers among wild-caught male and female adults, except in one high-altitude population, where nonrecombinant Y haplotypes suggest sex to be entirely determined by LG2. Multifactorial sex determination certainly contributes to the lack of sex-chromosome differentiation in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rodrigues
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Thermal tolerance in anuran embryos with different reproductive modes: relationship to altitude. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:183212. [PMID: 23766678 PMCID: PMC3676973 DOI: 10.1155/2013/183212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anurans are ectothermic animals very sensitive to temperature, mainly during the embryonic stage. In addition, environmental temperature decreases with altitude, and the amphibian fauna changes. Therefore, we studied the relationship between the embryonic thermal tolerances of twelve species of anurans and the temperatures of their microhabitat along an altitudinal gradient from 430 m to 2600 m. We hypothesized that there is a strong thermal adjustment of embryos to their microhabitat and, consequently, that temperature could be a limiting factor of altitudinal distribution of the anurans. We also compared the embryonic thermal tolerances according to six postulated reproductive modes of the study species. We found a significant relationship between the maximum and minimum thermal tolerances of the anuran embryos and the maximum and minimum temperatures of their microhabitat and altitudinal distribution. We also found a wide range of embryonic thermal tolerances for aquatic breeding species and a narrower range for terrestrial breeding species. Particularly, embryos of direct development species were the most sensitive to temperature. These results show the strong thermal adjustment of anuran embryos to their microhabitat and elevation and do not reject the hypothesis that temperature can be a limiting factor of their altitudinal distribution.
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23
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Muir AP, Thomas R, Biek R, Mable BK. Using genetic variation to infer associations with climate in the common frog, Rana temporaria. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:3737-51. [PMID: 23692266 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent and historical species' associations with climate can be inferred using molecular markers. This knowledge of population and species-level responses to climatic variables can then be used to predict the potential consequences of ongoing climate change. The aim of this study was to predict responses of Rana temporaria to environmental change in Scotland by inferring historical and contemporary patterns of gene flow in relation to current variation in local thermal conditions. We first inferred colonization patterns within Europe following the last glacial maximum by combining new and previously published mitochondrial DNA sequences. We found that sequences from our Scottish samples were identical to (92%), or clustered with, the common haplotype previously identified from Western Europe. This clade showed very low mitochondrial variation, which did not allow inference of historical colonization routes but did allow interpretation of patterns of current fine-scale population structure without consideration of confounding historical variation. Second, we assessed fine-scale microsatellite-based patterns of genetic variation in relation to current altitudinal temperature gradients. No population structure was found within altitudinal gradients (average FST=0.02), despite a mean annual temperature difference of 4.5 °C between low- and high-altitude sites. Levels of genetic diversity were considerable and did not vary between sites. The panmictic population structure observed, even along temperature gradients, is a potentially positive sign for R. temporaria persistence in Scotland in the face of a changing climate. This study demonstrates that within taxonomic groups, thought to be at high risk from environmental change, levels of vulnerability can vary, even within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Muir
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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24
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Arrighi JM, Lencer ES, Jukar A, Park D, Phillips PC, Kaplan RH. Daily temperature fluctuations unpredictably influence developmental rate and morphology at a critical early larval stage in a frog. BMC Ecol 2013; 13:18. [PMID: 23641898 PMCID: PMC3653820 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental temperature has profound consequences for early amphibian development and many field and laboratory studies have examined this. Most laboratory studies that have characterized the influence of temperature on development in amphibians have failed to incorporate the realities of diel temperature fluctuations (DTF), which can be considerable for pond-breeding amphibians. Results We evaluated the effects of different ecologically relevant ranges of DTF compared with effects of constant temperatures on development of embryos and larvae of the Korean fire-bellied toad (Bombina orientalis). We constructed thermal reaction norms for developmental stage, snout- vent length, and tail length by fitting a Gompertz-Gaussian function to measurements taken from embryos after 66 hours of development in 12 different constant temperature environments between 14°C and 36°C. We used these reaction norms as null models to test the hypothesis that developmental effects of DTF are more than the sum of average constant temperature effects over the distribution of temperatures experienced. We predicted from these models that growth and differentiation would be positively correlated with average temperature at low levels of DTF but not at higher levels of DTF. We tested our prediction in the laboratory by rearing B. orientalis embryos at three average temperatures (20°C, 24°C, and 28°C) and four levels of thermal variation (0°C, 6°C, 13°C, and 20°C). Several of the observed responses to DTF were significantly different from both predictions of the model and from responses in constant temperature treatments at the same average temperatures. At an average temperature of 24°C, only the highest level of DTF affected differentiation and growth rates, but at both cooler and warmer average temperatures, moderate DTF was enough to slow developmental and tail growth rates. Conclusions These results demonstrate that both the magnitude of DTF range and thermal averages need to be considered simultaneously when parsing the effects of changing thermal environments on complex developmental responses, particularly when they have potential functional and adaptive significance.
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25
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Hjernquist MB, Söderman F, Jönsson KI, Herczeg G, Laurila A, Merilä J. Seasonality determines patterns of growth and age structure over a geographic gradient in an ectothermic vertebrate. Oecologia 2012; 170:641-9. [PMID: 22565493 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variation connected with seasonality is likely to affect the evolution of life-history strategies in ectotherms, but there is no consensus as to how important life-history traits like body size are influenced by environmental variation along seasonal gradients. We compared adult body size, skeletal growth, mean age, age at first reproduction and longevity among 11 common frog (Rana temporaria) populations sampled along a 1,600-km-long latitudinal gradient across Scandinavia. Mean age, age at first reproduction and longevity increased linearly with decreasing growth season length. Lifetime activity (i.e. the estimated number of active days during life-time) was highest at mid-latitudes and females had on average more active days throughout their lives than males. Variation in body size was due to differences in lifetime activity among populations--individuals (especially females) were largest where they had the longest cumulative activity period--as well as to differences between populations in skeletal growth rate as determined by skeletochronological analyses. Especially, males grew faster at intermediate latitudes. While life-history trait variation was strongly associated with latitude, the direction and shape of these relationships were sex- and trait-specific. These context-dependent relationships may be the result of life-history trade-offs enforced by differences in future reproductive opportunities and time constraints among the populations. Thus, seasonality appears to be an important environmental factor shaping life-history trait variation in common frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten B Hjernquist
- Population and Conservation Biology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Cano JM, Li MH, Laurila A, Vilkki J, Merilä J. First-generation linkage map for the common frog Rana temporaria reveals sex-linkage group. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 107:530-6. [PMID: 21587305 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The common frog (Rana temporaria) has become a model species in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology. However, lack of genomic resources has been limiting utility of this species for detailed evolutionary genetic studies. Using a set of 107 informative microsatellite markers genotyped in a large full-sib family (800 F1 offspring), we created the first linkage map for this species. This partial map-distributed over 15 linkage groups-has a total length of 1698.8 cM. In line with the fact that males are the heterogametic sex in this species and a reduction of recombination is expected, we observed a lower recombination rate in the males (map length: 1371.5 cM) as compared with females (2089.8 cM). Furthermore, three loci previously documented to be sex-linked (that is, carrying male-specific alleles) in adults from the wild mapped to the same linkage group. The linkage map described in this study is one of the densest ones available for amphibians. The discovery of a sex linkage group in Rana temporaria, as well as other regions with strongly reduced male recombination rates, should help to uncover the genetic underpinnings of the sex-determination system in this species. As the number of linkage groups found (n=15) is quite close to the actual number of chromosomes (n=13), the map should provide a useful resource for further evolutionary, ecological and conservation genetic work in this and other closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cano
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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27
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Ficetola GF, Visaggi B, Bonardi A, Padoa-Schioppa E, De Bernardi F. Starting size and tadpole performance in the frog Rana latastei. J Zool (1987) 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Alho JS, Herczeg G, Laugen AT, Räsänen K, Laurila A, Merilä J. Allen's rule revisited: quantitative genetics of extremity length in the common frog along a latitudinal gradient. J Evol Biol 2010; 24:59-70. [PMID: 20964781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ecogeographical rules linking climate to morphology have gained renewed interest because of climate change. Yet few studies have evaluated to what extent geographical trends ascribed to these rules have a genetic, rather than environmentally determined, basis. This applies especially to Allen's rule, which states that the relative extremity length decreases with increasing latitude. We studied leg length in the common frog (Rana temporaria) along a 1500 km latitudinal gradient utilizing wild and common garden data. In the wild, the body size-corrected femur and tibia lengths did not conform to Allen's rule but peaked at mid-latitudes. However, the ratio of femur to tibia length increased in the north, and the common garden data revealed a genetic cline consistent with Allen's rule in some trait and treatment combinations. While selection may have shortened the leg length in the north, the genetic trend seems to be partially masked by environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Alho
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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29
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Liefting M, Weerenbeck M, Van Dooremalen C, Ellers J. Temperature-induced plasticity in egg size and resistance of eggs to temperature stress in a soil arthropod. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Orizaola G, Dahl E, Laurila A. Compensating for delayed hatching across consecutive life-history stages in an amphibian. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Měráková E, Gvoždík L. Thermal acclimation of swimming performance in newt larvae: the influence of diel temperature fluctuations during embryogenesis. Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Méndez M, Correa-Solis M. Divergence in morphometric and life history traits in two thermally contrasting Andean populations of Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae). J Therm Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Loman
- Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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34
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FICETOLA GENTILEFRANCESCO, DE BERNARDI FIORENZA. Offspring size and survival in the frog Rana latastei: from among-population to within-clutch variation. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, the importance of the female to population dynamics-especially her non-genetic contribution to offspring fitness or maternal effect-has received much attention in studies of a diverse collection of animal and plant taxa. Of particular interest to fisheries scientists and managers is the role of the demographic structure of the adult component of fish populations in the formation of future year classes. Traditionally, fisheries managers tended to assess whole populations without regard to variation between the individuals within the population. In doing so, they overlooked the variation in spawning production between individual females as a source of variation to recruitment magnitude and fluctuation. Indeed, intensive and/or selective harvesting of larger and older females, those that may produce more-and higher quality-offspring, has been implicated in the collapse of a number of important fish stocks. In a fisheries resource management context, whether capture fisheries or aquaculture, female demographics and inter-female differences warrant serious consideration in developing harvesting and breeding strategies, and in understanding general population dynamics. Here I review the range of female traits and environmental conditions females encounter which may influence the number or quality of their offspring via a maternal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget S Green
- Marine Research Laboratory, Tasmanian Fisheries and Aquaculture Institute, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Tasmania, 7001 Australia
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36
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Persson M, Räsänen K, Laurila A, Merilä J. Maternally determined adaptation to acidity in Rana arvalis: Are laboratory and field estimates of embryonic stress tolerance congruent? CAN J ZOOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/z07-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Geographic variation indicating local adaptation, as well as its quantitative genetic basis, is commonly investigated in common garden experiments in the laboratory. However, the applicability of laboratory results to the complex conditions experienced by populations in the wild may be limited. Our previous laboratory experiments showed maternally determined local adaptation in embryonic acid-stress tolerance (viz. survival) of the moor frog, Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842. Here we tested whether this laboratory finding holds even when embryos are exposed to acid stress in the wild. We conducted reciprocal crosses between an acid-origin population and a neutral-origin population of R. arvalis and transplanted the embryos to an acid site (pH ~4) in the field. Embryonic survival was much lower in the field experiment than in previous laboratory experiments, but, consistent with laboratory work, embryos from acid-origin females had threefold higher survival than embryos from neutral-origin females. These results suggest that laboratory tests can provide appropriate estimates of among population variation, as well as the quantitative genetic basis of acid-stress tolerance in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Persson
- Population Biology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Räsänen
- Population Biology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Laurila
- Population Biology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Merilä
- Population Biology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
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37
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Niehaus AC, Wilson RS, Franklin CE. Short- and long-term consequences of thermal variation in the larval environment of anurans. J Anim Ecol 2006; 75:686-92. [PMID: 16689951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. To survive adverse or unpredictable conditions in the ontogenetic environment, many organisms retain a level of phenotypic plasticity that allows them to meet the challenges of rapidly changing conditions. Larval anurans are widely known for their ability to modify behaviour, morphology and physiological processes during development, making them an ideal model system for studies of environmental effects on phenotypic traits. Although temperature is one of the most important factors influencing the growth, development and metamorphic condition of larval anurans, many studies have failed to include ecologically relevant thermal fluctuations among their treatments. 2. We compared the growth and age at metamorphosis of striped marsh frogs Limnodynastes peronii raised in a diurnally fluctuating thermal regime and a stable regime of the same mean temperature. We then assessed the long-term effects of the larval environment on the morphology and performance of post-metamorphic frogs. 3. Larval L. peronii from the fluctuating treatment were significantly longer throughout development and metamorphosed about 5 days earlier. Frogs from the fluctuating group metamorphosed at a smaller mass and in poorer condition compared with the stable group, and had proportionally shorter legs. 4. Frogs from the fluctuating group showed greater jumping performance at metamorphosis and less degradation in performance during a 10-week dormancy. Treatment differences in performance could not be explained by whole-animal morphological variation, suggesting improved contractile properties of the muscles in the fluctuating group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Niehaus
- School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072, Australia.
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38
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Oufiero CE, Angilletta MJ. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF EMBRYONIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE EASTERN FENCE LIZARD (SCELOPORUS UNDULATUS). Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Orizaola G, Brana F. Effect of salmonid introduction and other environmental characteristics on amphibian distribution and abundance in mountain lakes of northern Spain. Anim Conserv 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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Johansson M, Primmer CR, Merilä J. History vs. current demography: explaining the genetic population structure of the common frog (Rana temporaria). Mol Ecol 2006; 15:975-83. [PMID: 16599961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The amount of genetic variability at neutral marker loci is expected to decrease, and the degree of genetic differentiation among populations to increase, as a negative function of effective population size. We assessed the patterns of genetic variability and differentiation at seven microsatellite loci in the common frog (Rana temporaria) in a hierarchical sampling scheme involving three regions (208-885 km apart), three subregions within regions and nine populations (5-20 km apart) within subregions, and related the variability and differentiation estimates to variation in local population size estimates. Genetic variability within local populations decreased significantly with increasing latitude, as well as with decreasing population size and regional site occupancy (proportion of censured localities occupied). The positive relationship between population size and genetic variability estimates was evident also when the effect of latitude (cf. colonization history) was accounted for. Significant genetic differentiation was found at all hierarchical levels, and the degree of population differentiation tended to increase with increasing latitude. Isolation by distance was evident especially at the regional sampling level, and its strength increased significantly towards the north in concordance with decreasing census and marker-based neighbourhood size estimates. These results are in line with the conjecture that the influence of current demographic factors can override the influence of historical factors on species population genetic structure. Further, the observed reductions in genetic variability and increased degree of population differentiation towards the north are in line with theoretical and empirical treatments suggesting that effective population sizes decline towards the periphery of a species' range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Johansson
- Department of Population Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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41
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Trade-off between larval development rate and Post-metamorphic Traits in the Frog Rana latastei. Evol Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-005-5508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Oufiero CE, Angilletta MJ. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF EMBRYONIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE EASTERN FENCE LIZARD (SCELOPORUS UNDULATUS). Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1554/05-202.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Charmantier A, Garant D. Environmental quality and evolutionary potential: lessons from wild populations. Proc Biol Sci 2005; 272:1415-25. [PMID: 16011915 PMCID: PMC1559820 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential requirement to determine a population's potential for evolutionary change is to quantify the amount of genetic variability expressed for traits under selection. Early investigations in laboratory conditions showed that the magnitude of the genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variation can change with environmental conditions. However, there is no consensus as to how the expression of genetic variation is sensitive to different environmental conditions. Recently, the study of quantitative genetics in the wild has been revitalized by new pedigree analyses based on restricted maximum likelihood, resulting in a number of studies investigating these questions in wild populations. Experimental manipulation of environmental quality in the wild, as well as the use of naturally occurring favourable or stressful environments, has broadened the treatment of different taxa and traits. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis on recent studies comparing heritability in favourable versus unfavourable conditions in non-domestic and non-laboratory animals. The results provide evidence for increased heritability in more favourable conditions, significantly so for morphometric traits but not for traits more closely related to fitness. We discuss how these results are explained by underlying changes in variance components, and how they represent a major step in our understanding of evolutionary processes in wild populations. We also show how these trends contrast with the prevailing view resulting mainly from laboratory experiments on Drosophila. Finally, we underline the importance of taking into account the environmental variation in models predicting quantitative trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Charmantier
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
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44
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Lindgren B, Laurila A. Proximate causes of adaptive growth rates: growth efficiency variation among latitudinal populations of Rana temporaria. J Evol Biol 2005; 18:820-8. [PMID: 16033553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In ectothermic organisms, declining season length and lower temperature towards higher latitudes often select for latitudinal variation in growth and development. However, the energetic mechanisms underlying this adaptive variation are largely unknown. We investigated growth, food intake and growth efficiency of Rana temporaria tadpoles from eight populations along a 1500 km latitudinal gradient across Sweden. To gain an insight into the mechanisms of adaptation at organ level, we also examined variation in tadpole gut length. The tadpoles were raised at two temperatures (16 and 20 degrees C) in a laboratory common garden experiment. We found increased growth rate towards higher latitudes, regardless of temperature treatment. This increase in growth was not because of a higher food intake rate, but populations from higher latitudes had higher growth efficiency, i.e. they were more efficient at converting ingested food into body mass. Low temperature reduced growth efficiency most strongly in southern populations. Relative gut length increased with latitude, and tadpoles at low temperature tended to have longer guts. However, variation in gut length was not the sole adaptive explanation for increased growth efficiency as latitude and body length still explained significant amounts of variation in growth efficiency. Hence, additional energetic adaptations are probably involved in growth efficiency variation along the latitudinal gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lindgren
- Population Biology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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45
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Supplementation or in situ conservation? Evidence of local adaptation in the Italian agile frog Rana latastei and consequences for the management of populations. Anim Conserv 2005. [DOI: 10.1017/s1367943004001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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46
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Winne CT, Keck MB. Intraspecific differences in thermal tolerance of the diamondback watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer): effects of ontogeny, latitude, and sex. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 140:141-9. [PMID: 15664323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ontogenetic shifts in microhabitat use are widespread among taxa and can result in drastic shifts in thermal habitat among age classes. Likewise, geographic variation in climate along latitudinal gradients can cause differences in thermal environments among populations of a species. Using a common garden design, we examined four populations of a single species of semi-aquatic snake, Nerodia rhombifer, to determine whether ontogenetic shifts in habitat use (and/or body size) and latitudinal differences in ambient temperature have resulted in evolutionary changes in thermal tolerance. We found ontogenetic differences in thermal tolerance for all populations, with neonates tolerating temperatures 2 degrees C higher than adults, a pattern that is consistent with ontogenetic shifts in body size and microhabitat use in this species. There were differences in thermal tolerance among latitudes in neonates, suggesting genetic differences among populations, but adults showed no latitudinal differences. In combination, the increased thermal tolerance of neonates and the age-specific response to latitude suggest individuals may be most sensitive to selection on thermal tolerance as neonates. Although latitudinal differences exist in neonates, their tolerances were not ranked according to latitude, suggesting the effects of some other local factor (e.g., microclimate) may be important. Lastly, among neonates, females tolerate higher temperatures than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Winne
- Stephen F. Austin State University, Department of Biology, Box 13003 SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA.
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47
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Lesbarrères D, Primmer CR, Laurila A, Merilä J. Environmental and population dependency of genetic variability-fitness correlations in Rana temporaria. Mol Ecol 2004; 14:311-23. [PMID: 15643973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Considerable effort has been invested in studying the relationship between fitness and genetic variability. While evidence exists both for and against positive genetic variability-fitness correlations (GFC), the possible environment and population-dependency of GFCs has seldom been tested. We investigated GFCs in common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles reared under different temperatures and feeding regimes in four replicate populations. Genetic variability in eight microsatellite loci in 238 parents was used to estimate heterozygosity (H) and mean expected d2 in 158-sibships (4515 offspring). Generalized linear mixed model analyses of offspring fitness traits (survival to metamorphosis, developmental and growth rate) revealed that offspring survival probability was positively correlated with H, and that relationships were similar in all four populations tested. However, significant interaction between other genetic variability measures (d2, relatedness) and treatment conditions indicated that GFCs were detectable in some, but not in all environments. Interestingly, GFCs between survival and both heterozygosity and relatedness were most pronounced in stressful environments (i.e. limited food). Developmental and growth rates were significantly associated with d2 but less with H and relatedness. Furthermore, many of these GFCs were population-specific. These results suggest--in line with the contention that expression of inbreeding depression can be environment dependent--that GFCs can also be highly sensitive to the environmental conditions under which they are measured. The results further suggest that the observed positive correlation between H and survival probability is likely to be explainable by the 'general', rather than by the 'local' or 'direct' effect hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lesbarrères
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO BOX 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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