1
|
Engel E, de Paula Ribeiro AL, Lúcio AD, Pasini MPB, Buzzatti JZ, Rodrigues FT, Cassol LO, Godoy WAC. The Co-occurrence Matrix and the Correlation Network of Phytophagous Insects Are Driven by Abiotic and Biotic Variables: the Case of Canola. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:541-551. [PMID: 38358647 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Co-occurrence a correlation profiles are driven by different factors (exogenous and endogenous) and drawing a profile of association between species based on co-occurrence, without assessing how these species vary in terms of ecological niche can lead to wrong conclusions. The objective was to determine the co-occurrence and correlation patterns of phytophagous insects in canola crop and to evaluate how these patterns varied according to the crop stage (phenology-biotic) and sowing times (agricultural practice-abiotic). We found that the patterns of co-occurrence and correlation between species were reflections of population variations due to the phenology and sowing times of canola. Variations in the multi-species abundance matrix were influenced by mean air temperature and accumulated rainfall. The main species associated with canola in southern Brazil, in terms of abundance, were P. xylostella, D. speciosa, and N. viridula. These species were mostly negatively associated. When evaluating their population variations, we found that they explore different temporal niches, whether in terms of phenology or sowing times. Finally, we demonstrate empirically that despite being important, association patterns based on co-occurrence and correlation should be interpreted in light of the understanding of patterns of niche exploitation and temporal variation of species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Engel
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia de Paula Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Entomology, Federal Institut Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente Do Sul, São Vicente do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio
- Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Jerônimo Zamberlan Buzzatti
- Laboratory of Entomology, Federal Institut Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente Do Sul, São Vicente do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Teixeira Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Entomology, Federal Institut Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente Do Sul, São Vicente do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Luthyana Oliveira Cassol
- Laboratory of Entomology, Federal Institut Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente Do Sul, São Vicente do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang YM, Rakshit S, Huang CH, Wu WH. Probabilistic approaches for investigating species co-occurrence from presence-absence maps. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15907. [PMID: 37719117 PMCID: PMC10503499 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this research, we propose probabilistic approaches to identify pairwise patterns of species co-occurrence by using presence-absence maps only. In particular, the two-by-two contingency table constructed from a presence-absence map of two species would be sufficient to compute the test statistics and perform the statistical tests proposed in this article. Some previous studies have investigated species co-occurrence through incidence data of different survey sites. We focus on using presence-absence maps for a specific study plot instead. The proposed methods are assessed by a thorough simulation study. Methods A Chi-squared test is used to determine whether the distributions of two species are independent. If the null hypothesis of independence is rejected, the Chi-squared method can not distinguish positive or negative association between two species. We propose six different approaches based on either the binomial or Poisson distribution to obtain p-values for testing the positive (or negative) association between two species. When we test to investigate a positive (or negative) association, if the p-value is below the predetermined level of significance, then we have enough evidence to support that the two species are positively (or negatively) associated. Results A simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the type-I errors and the testing powers of our approaches. The probabilistic approach proposed by Veech (2013) is served as a benchmark for comparison. The results show that the type-I error of the Chi-squared test is close to the significance level when the presence rate is between 40% and 80%. For extremely low or high presence rate data, one of our approaches outperforms Veech (2013)'s in terms of the testing power and type-I error rate. The proposed methods are applied to a tree data of Barro Colorado Island in Panama and a tree data of Lansing Woods in USA. Both positive and negative associations are found among some species in these two real data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Chang
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Suman Rakshit
- School of Electrical Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Biometry and Agriculture Data Analytics, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chun-Hung Huang
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ulrich W, Batáry P, Baudry J, Beaumelle L, Bucher R, Čerevková A, de la Riva EG, Felipe‐Lucia MR, Gallé R, Kesse‐Guyot E, Rembiałkowska E, Rusch A, Stanley D, Birkhofer K. From biodiversity to health: Quantifying the impact of diverse ecosystems on human well‐being. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Ulrich
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
| | - Péter Batáry
- Lendület Landscape and Conservation Ecology Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Julia Baudry
- INRAE U1125, INSERM U1153, CNAM, USPN, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center University of Paris (CRESS) Bobigny France
| | - Léa Beaumelle
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, SAVE Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Roman Bucher
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus‐Senftenberg Cottbus Germany
| | - Andrea Čerevková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Košice Slovakia
| | - Enrique G. de la Riva
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus‐Senftenberg Cottbus Germany
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of León León Spain
| | - Maria R. Felipe‐Lucia
- Department of Ecosystem Services Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Germany
| | - Róbert Gallé
- Lendület Landscape and Conservation Ecology Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse‐Guyot
- INRAE U1125, INSERM U1153, CNAM, USPN, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center University of Paris (CRESS) Bobigny France
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food Warsaw University of Life Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Adrien Rusch
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, SAVE Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Dara Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus‐Senftenberg Cottbus Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Food availability alters community co-occurrence patterns at fine spatiotemporal scales in a tropical masting system. Oecologia 2022; 200:169-181. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
5
|
Niang CT, Kane M, Niang Y, Sarr N, March L, Tatard C, Artige E, Diagne C, Moron V, Mauffrey JF, Noûs C, Bâ K, Laffont-Schwob I, Bal AB, Dalecky A. Socio-environmental changes and rodent populations in lowland agroecosystems of the lower delta of the River Senegal, West Africa: results of observations over a decade, 2008-2019. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheikh T. Niang
- IRD, Aix Marseille Université, LPED, Marseille, France; e-mail: , , , ,
| | - Mamadou Kane
- CBGP-BIOPASS 2, IRD, Campus IRD-ISRA de Bel-Air, Dakar, Sénégal; e-mail: , , ,
| | - Youssoupha Niang
- CBGP-BIOPASS 2, IRD, Campus IRD-ISRA de Bel-Air, Dakar, Sénégal; e-mail: , , ,
| | - Nathalie Sarr
- CBGP-BIOPASS 2, IRD, Campus IRD-ISRA de Bel-Air, Dakar, Sénégal; e-mail: , , ,
| | - Laura March
- IRD, Aix Marseille Université, LPED, Marseille, France; e-mail: , , , ,
| | - Caroline Tatard
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; e-mail: , ,
| | - Emma Artige
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; e-mail: , ,
| | - Christophe Diagne
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; e-mail: , ,
| | - Vincent Moron
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France; e-mail:
| | | | - Camille Noûs
- Laboratoire Cogitamus, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; e-mail:
| | - Khalilou Bâ
- CBGP-BIOPASS 2, IRD, Campus IRD-ISRA de Bel-Air, Dakar, Sénégal; e-mail: , , ,
| | | | - Amadou B. Bal
- UFR S2ATA, Université Gaston Berger (UGB), Saint-Louis, Sénégal; e-mail:
| | - Ambroise Dalecky
- IRD, Aix Marseille Université, LPED, Marseille, France; e-mail: , , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zbinden ZD. A needle in the haystack? Applying species co-occurrence frameworks with fish assemblage data to identify species associations and sharpen ecological hypotheses. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:339-351. [PMID: 33860934 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Different species can associate or interact in many ways, and methods exist for inferring associations and underlying mechanisms from incidence data (e.g., co-occurrence frameworks). These methods have received criticism despite their recent resurgence in the literature. However, co-occurrence frameworks for identifying nonrandomly associated species pairs (e.g., aggregated or segregated pairs) have value as heuristic tools for sharpening hypotheses concerning fish ecology. This paper provides a case study examining species co-occurrence across 33 stream fish assemblages in southeastern Oklahoma, USA, which were sampled twice (1974 and 2014). This study sought to determine (a) which species were nonrandomly associated, (b) what processes might have driven these associations and (c) how consistent patterns were across time. Associations among most pairs of species (24 species, 276 unique pairs) were not significantly different from random (>80%). Among all significant, nonrandomly associated species pairs (54 unique pairs), 78% (42 pairs) were aggregated and 22% (12 pairs) segregated. Most of these (28 pairs, 52%) were hypothesized to be driven by nonbiotic mechanisms: habitat filtering (20 pairs, 37%), dispersal limitation (two pairs, 0.4%) or both (six pairs, 11%). The remaining 26 nonrandomly associated pairs (48%) had no detectable signal of spatial or environmental factors involved with the association, therefore the potential for biotic interaction was not refuted. Only five species pairs were consistently associated across both sampling periods: stonerollers Campostoma spp. and orangebelly darter Etheostoma radiosum; red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis and bullhead minnow Pimephales vigilax; bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus and redear sunfish Lepomis microlophus; redfin shiner Lythrurus umbratilis and bluntnose minnow Pimephales notatus; and bigeye shiner Notropis boops and golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas. Frameworks for identifying nonrandomly associated species pairs can provide insight into broader mechanisms of species assembly and point to potentially interesting species interactions (out of many possible pairs). However, this approach is best applied as a tool for sharpening hypotheses to be investigated further. Rather than a weakness, the heuristic nature is the strength of such methods, and can help guide biologists toward better questions by employing relatively cheap diversity survey data, which are often already in hand, to reduce complex interaction networks down to their nonstochastic parts which warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachery D Zbinden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eppinga MB, Haber EA, Sweeney L, Santos MJ, Rietkerk M, Wassen MJ. Antigonon leptopus invasion is associated with plant community disassembly in a Caribbean island ecosystem. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInvasions by non-native plant species are widely recognized as a major driver of biodiversity loss. Globally, (sub-)tropical islands form important components of biodiversity hotspots, while being particularly susceptible to invasions by plants in general and vines in particular. We studied the impact of the invasive vine A. leptopus on the diversity and structure of recipient plant communities on the northern Caribbean island St. Eustatius. We used a paired-plot design to study differences in species richness, evenness and community structure under A. leptopus-invaded and uninvaded conditions. Community structure was studied through species co-occurrence patterns. We found that in plots invaded by A. leptopus, species richness was 40–50% lower, and these plots also exhibited lower evenness. The magnitude of these negative impacts increased with increasing cover of A. leptopus. Invaded plots also showed higher degrees of homogeneity in species composition. Species co-occurrence patterns indicated that plant communities in uninvaded plots were characterized by segregation, whereas recipient plant communities in invaded plots exhibited random co-occurrence patterns. These observations suggest that invasion of A. leptopus is not only associated with reduced species richness and evenness of recipient communities in invaded sites, but also with a community disassembly process that may reduce diversity between sites. Given that A. leptopus is a successful invader of (sub-)tropical islands around the globe, these impacts on plant community structure highlight that this invasive species could be a particular conservation concern for these systems.
Collapse
|
8
|
García‐Navas V, Sattler T, Schmid H, Ozgul A. Bird species co‐occurrence patterns in an alpine environment supports the stress‐gradient hypothesis. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente García‐Navas
- Dept of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Univ. of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Dept of Integrative Ecology, Doñana Biological Station CSIC Seville Spain
| | | | - Hans Schmid
- Swiss Ornithological Inst. Sempach Switzerland
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Dept of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Univ. of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Casals P, Fernández J, Batet A, Taüll M, Ruiz-Olmo J. Disentangling landscape features and vegetation composition effects on wild ungulate use of hay meadows in high Pyrenees. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Blanchet FG, Cazelles K, Gravel D. Co‐occurrence is not evidence of ecological interactions. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1050-1063. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Cazelles
- Department of Integrative of Biology University of Guelph GuelphN1G 2W1ON Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke SherbrookeJ1K 2R1QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Neill PE, Rozbaczylo N, Villaseñor-Parada C, Guzmán-Rendón G, Sampértegui S, Hernández CE. Patterns of association of native and exotic boring polychaetes on the southeastern Pacific coast of Chile: the combined importance of negative, positive and random interactions. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8560. [PMID: 32411504 PMCID: PMC7203672 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of biological invasions focus on negative interactions between exotic and native biotas, emphasizing niche overlap between species and competitive exclusion. However, the effects of positive interactions and coexistence are poorly known. In this study we evaluate the importance of positive, negative, or random species associations in explaining the coexistence of native and exotic boring polychaetes inhabiting invertebrate hosts, on the southeastern Pacific coast of Chile. We assess three hypotheses to explain the observed patterns: positive species interactions, weak competitive interactions, and competitive intransitivity. METHODOLOGY To assess the potential effect of competition between native and exotic polychaetes we analyzed patterns of co-occurrence of species pairs in northern and southern regions, using the metric of the probabilistic model. Since biotic interactions can affect not only native species, we also evaluated correlations between native and exotic polychaete abundance, using reduced major axis regression linear models. To assess the transitivity of competitive hierarchies we used metrics and analytical methods based on abundance matrices to estimate species competition and patch transition matrices. RESULTS On average 50% of the species pairs presented significant weak negative associations, all associated with the exotic species Polydora rickettsi; the remaining 50% had random associations, and none showed positive associations. However, the relationship of abundance between native and exotic boring polychates supports a tendency towards coexistence. At local and regional scales, we observed the presence of a transitive network competition structure, where the exotic boring polychaete, P. rickettsi was generally the dominant species. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that native and exotic boring polychaete species coexist through weak competitive interactions. Nevertheless, the large number of random interactions observed indicates that species coexistence can be accounted for by stochastic processes, as proposed by neutral theory. Coexistence may be a frequent result of interactions between native and exotic species, although less apparent than competitive exclusion. Thus, the probabilistic point-of-view used here provides a statistical tool for evaluating coexistence as a result of exotic and native species' interactions, an idea which has been proposed in invasion ecology, but largely lacks empirical support and methodologies for detecting underlying mechanisms. Finally, we found evidence that P. rickettsi is a successful invader by being competitively dominant, but not excluding other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula E. Neill
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Colegio Almondale Lomas, Lomas de San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nicolás Rozbaczylo
- Faunamar Ltda, Consultorías Medio Ambientales e Investigación Marina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Villaseñor-Parada
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Garen Guzmán-Rendón
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sandra Sampértegui
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristián E. Hernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Haak CR, Hui FKC, Cowles GW, Danylchuk AJ. Positive interspecific associations consistent with social information use shape juvenile fish assemblages. Ecology 2019; 101:e02920. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Haak
- Department of Environmental Conservation & Intercampus Marine Science Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst 160 Holdsworth Way Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Francis K. C. Hui
- Research School of Finance Actuarial Studies and Statistics Australian National University Acton 2601 Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Geoffrey W. Cowles
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography School for Marine Science and Technology University of Massachusetts Dartmouth 836 South Rodney French Blvd. New Bedford Massachusetts 02744 USA
| | - Andy J. Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation & Intercampus Marine Science Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst 160 Holdsworth Way Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Native and Invasive Small Mammals in Urban Habitats along the Commercial Axis Connecting Benin and Niger, West Africa. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11120238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on compiled small mammal trapping data collected over 12 years from Benin and Niger (3701 individual records from 66 sampling sites), located in mainland Africa, we here describe the small mammal community assemblage in urban habitats along the commercial axis connecting the two countries, from the seaport of Cotonou to the Sahelian hinterland, with a particular focus on invasive species. In doing so, we document extant species distributions, which highlight the risks of continuing the range expansion of three synanthropic invasive rodent species, namely black rats (Rattus rattus), brown rats (R. norvegicus), and house mice (Mus musculus). Using various diversity estimates and community ecology approaches, we detect a latitudinal gradient of species richness that significantly decreased Northward. We show that shrews (Crocidura) represent a very important component of micro-mammal fauna in West African towns and villages, especially at lower latitudes. We also demonstrate that invasive and native synanthropic rodents do not distribute randomly in West Africa, which suggests that invasive species dynamics and history differ markedly, and that they involve gradual, as well as human-mediated, long distance dispersal. Patterns of segregation are also observed between native Mastomys natalensis and invasive rats R. rattus and R. norvegicus, suggesting potential native-to-invasive species turn over. Consequences of such processes, especially in terms of public health, are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Korňan M, Svitok M, Krištín A. Null model analyses of temporal patterns of bird assemblages and their foraging guilds revealed the predominance of positive and random associations. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8541-8554. [PMID: 31410260 PMCID: PMC6686305 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of species associations have been commonly used to infer interactions among species. If species positively co-occur, they may form predominantly neutral assemblages, and such patterns suggest a relatively weak role for compensatory dynamics. The main objective of this study was to test this prediction on temporal samples of bird assemblages (n = 19, 10-57 years) by the presence/absence and quantitative null models on assemblage and guild levels. These null model outcomes were further analyzed to evaluate the effects of various data set characteristics on the outcomes of the null models. The analysis of two binary null models in combination with three association indices revealed 20% with significant aggregations, 61% with random associations, and only 19% with significant segregations (n = 95 simulations). The results of the quantitative null model simulations detected more none-random associations: 61% aggregations, 6% random associations, and 33% segregations (n = 114 simulations). Similarly, quantitative analyses on guild levels showed 58% aggregations, 20% segregations, and 22% random associations (n = 450 simulations). Bayesian GLMs detected that the outcomes of the binary and quantitative null models applied to the assemblage analyses were significantly related to census plot size, whereas the outcomes of the quantitative analyses were also related to the mean population densities of species in the data matrices. In guild-level analyses, only 9% of the GLMs showed a significant influence of matrix properties (plot size, matrix size, species richness, and mean species population densities) on the null model outcomes. The results did not show the prevalence of negative associations that would have supported compensatory dynamics. Instead, we assume that a similar response of the majority of species to climate-driven and stochastic factors may be responsible for the revealed predominance of positive associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Korňan
- Department of Applied Zoology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
- Centre for Ecological StudiesVeľké RovnéSlovakia
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Biology and General Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Anton Krištín
- Institute of Forest EcologySlovak Academy of SciencesZvolenSlovakia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Popovic GC, Warton DI, Thomson FJ, Hui FKC, Moles AT. Untangling direct species associations from indirect mediator species effects with graphical models. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordana C. Popovic
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and the Evolution & the Ecology Research Centre UNSW Sydney NSW Australia
| | - David I. Warton
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and the Evolution & the Ecology Research Centre UNSW Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Francis K. C. Hui
- Research School of Finance, Actuarial Studies & Statistics Australia National University Acton ACT Australia
| | - Angela T. Moles
- School of Biological, Earth 0061nd Environmental Sciences & the Evolution & the Ecology Research Centre UNSW Sydney NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Magilton M, Maraun M, Emmerson M, Caruso T. Oribatid mites reveal that competition for resources and trophic structure combine to regulate the assembly of diverse soil animal communities. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8320-8330. [PMID: 31380092 PMCID: PMC6662270 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of niche partitioning in structuring species-rich soil animal communities has been debated for decades and generated the "enigma of soil animal diversity." More recently, resource-based niche partitioning has been hypothesized to play a very limited role in the assembly of soil animal communities. To test this hypothesis, we applied a novel combination of stable isotopes and null models of species co-occurrence to quantify the extent of resource niche partitioning on a diverse oribatid mite community sampled from mature oak woodland.We asked whether species aggregate or segregate spatially and how these patterns correlated with the abundance of estimated trophic guilds. We also estimated the effects of environmental variables on community structure.All measured environmental variables accounted for 12% of variance in community structure, including 8% of pure spatial structure unrelated to measured environmental factors and 2% of pure environmental variance unrelated to spatial variation. Co-occurrence analysis revealed 10 pairs of species that aggregated and six pairs of species that were spatially segregated. Values of δ15N indicated that five out of the 10 pairs of aggregated species occupied the same trophic guild, while values of δ13C indicated that species in these five pairs consumed resources of different quality, supporting a significant role of resource-based niche partitioning. Also, one of the five pairs of segregated species occupied the same trophic guild but had overlapping δ13C values suggesting that these species do not co-occur locally and thus minimize competition for shared resources.Partitioning of resources plays an underestimated role in soil microarthropod communities and different local communities consisted of the same trophic guilds with species identity changing from place to place. The sum of resource partitioning, multi-trophic interactions, and microscale environmental variability in the environment is a viable solution to the enigma of soil animal diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Magilton
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen's University of BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Mark Maraun
- JFB Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyGeorg August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Mark Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen's University of BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Tancredi Caruso
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen's University of BelfastBelfastUK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cordero RD, Jackson DA. Species‐pair associations, null models, and tests of mechanisms structuring ecological communities. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben D. Cordero
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S3B2 Canada
| | - Donald A. Jackson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S3B2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Püttker T, Barros CS, Pinotti BT, Bueno AA, Pardini R. Co-occurrence patterns of rodents at multiple spatial scales: competitive release of generalists following habitat loss? J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTheory predicts that habitat generalist species are excluded by specialist species in optimal habitat for specialists, and empirical data commonly show a shift from specialist- to generalist-dominated communities following disturbance. We investigated co-occurrence patterns of habitat generalist and specialist terrestrial rodents at two spatial scales in the Atlantic Forest, aiming at evaluating the following hypotheses: 1) within-patch spatial niche partitioning promotes coexistence of generalists and specialists, leading to checkerboard presence-absence patterns at small (within-patch) rather than large (among-patch) scales; and 2) the decrease in abundance of specialists due to habitat loss promotes a competitive release of generalists, leading to negative covariance in abundance between generalists and specialists among patches. Drawing on a large data set including 363 sites within three patches in continuous forest, and 45 patches within three landscapes, we used C-scores based on presence-absence and abundance data to evaluate spatial segregation. We found consistent segregation between specialists and generalists at the within-patch rather than among-patch scale, but no consistent negative covariance in abundance between generalists and specialists among patches (as covarying species pairs varied across landscapes). Our findings suggest that spatial patterns caused by competition are scale-dependent, and coexistence of generalists and specialists is promoted by within-patch spatial niche partitioning. However, the influence of competitive release on the proliferation of generalists may be outweighed by other factors in fragmented landscapes.A teoria ecológica prevê que espécies generalistas de habitat são excluídas por espécies especialistas em hábitats ótimos para as especialistas, e dados empíricos comumente mostram uma mudança de dominância das comunidades - de especialistas para generalistas - após distúrbios. Nós investigamos os padrões de coocorrência de roedores terrestres generalistas e especialistas de habitat em duas escalas espaciais na Mata Atlântica, para testar as seguintes hipóteses: 1) a partição espacial do nicho dento de fragmentos promove a coexistência de generalistas e especialistas, levando a padrões de presença-ausência “tabuleiro de damas” em escalas pequenas (dentro de fragmento) mas não em escalas grandes (entre fragmentos); 2) a diminuição da abundância de especialistas devido à perda de habitat promove uma liberação competitiva de generalistas, levando a covariância negativa da abundância de generalistas e especialistas entre fragmentos. A partir de um grande banco de dados - 363 sítios dentro de três fragmentos de floresta contínua, e 45 fragmentos dentro de três paisagens, usamos C-scores baseados em dados de presença/ausência e abundância para avaliar a segregação espacial. Encontramos segregação consistente entre especialistas e generalistas na escala menor (dentro de fragmentos) e não na maior (entre fragmentos), mas não encontramos covariância negativa na abundância de generalistas e especialistas entre fragmentos (dado que os pares de espécies que covariaram mudou entre as paisagens). Nossos resultados sugerem que padrões espaciais causados por competição são dependentes de escala, e que a coexistência de generalistas e especialistas é promovida pela partição espacial de nicho dentro dos fragmentos. No entanto, a influência da liberação competitiva na proliferação de generalistas pode ser superada por outros fatores em paisagens fragmentadas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Püttker
- Departamento de Zoologia, Rua do Matão, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, travessa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila S Barros
- Departamento de Ecologia, Rua do Matão, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, travessa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno T Pinotti
- Departamento de Zoologia, Rua do Matão, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, travessa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana A Bueno
- Fundação Florestal – Planos de Manejo, Rua do Horto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Pardini
- Departamento de Zoologia, Rua do Matão, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, travessa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brazeau HA, Schamp BS. Examining the link between competition and negative co‐occurrence patterns. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Brazeau
- Algoma Univ. 1520 Queen Street East Sault Ste. Marie ON P6A 2G4 Canada
| | - Brandon S. Schamp
- Algoma Univ. 1520 Queen Street East Sault Ste. Marie ON P6A 2G4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lavender TM, Schamp BS, Arnott SE, Rusak JA. A comparative evaluation of five common pairwise tests of species association. Ecology 2019; 100:e02640. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon S. Schamp
- Department of Biology Algoma University Sault Ste. Marie Ontario P6A 2G4 Canada
| | - Shelley E. Arnott
- Department of Biological Sciences Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - James A. Rusak
- Department of Biological Sciences Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Dorset Environmental Science Centre Dorset Ontario P0A 1E0 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bramon Mora B, Dalla Riva GV, Stouffer DB. Unmasking structural patterns in incidence matrices: an application to ecological data. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20180747. [PMID: 30958192 PMCID: PMC6408342 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Null models have become a crucial tool for understanding structure within incidence matrices across multiple biological contexts. For example, they have been widely used for the study of ecological and biogeographic questions, testing hypotheses regarding patterns of community assembly, species co-occurrence and biodiversity. However, to our knowledge we remain without a general and flexible approach to study the mechanisms explaining such structures. Here, we provide a method for generating 'correlation-informed' null models, which combine the classic concept of null models and tools from community ecology, like joint statistical modelling. Generally, this model allows us to assess whether the information encoded within any given correlation matrix is predictive for explaining structural patterns observed within an incidence matrix. To demonstrate its utility, we apply our approach to two different case studies that represent examples of common scenarios encountered in community ecology. First, we use a phylogenetically informed null model to detect a strong evolutionary fingerprint within empirically observed food webs, reflecting key differences in the impact of shared evolutionary history when shaping the interactions of predators or prey. Second, we use multiple informed null models to identify which factors determine structural patterns of species assemblages, focusing in on the study of nestedness and the influence of site size, isolation, species range and species richness. In addition to offering a versatile way to study the mechanisms shaping the structure of any incidence matrix, including those describing ecological communities, our approach can also be adapted further to test even more sophisticated hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Bramon Mora
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Giulio V. Dalla Riva
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Daniel B. Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Do the pattern and strength of species associations in ectoparasite communities conform to biogeographic rules? Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1113-1125. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
23
|
Caruso T, Hogg ID, Nielsen UN, Bottos EM, Lee CK, Hopkins DW, Cary SC, Barrett JE, Green TGA, Storey BC, Wall DH, Adams BJ. Nematodes in a polar desert reveal the relative role of biotic interactions in the coexistence of soil animals. Commun Biol 2019; 2:63. [PMID: 30793042 PMCID: PMC6377602 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic factors are major determinants of soil animal distributions and their dominant role is pronounced in extreme ecosystems, with biotic interactions seemingly playing a minor role. We modelled co-occurrence and distribution of the three nematode species that dominate the soil food web of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica). Abiotic factors, other biotic groups, and autocorrelation all contributed to structuring nematode species distributions. However, after removing their effects, we found that the presence of the most abundant nematode species greatly, and negatively, affected the probability of detecting one of the other two species. We observed similar patterns in relative abundances for two out of three pairs of species. Harsh abiotic conditions alone are insufficient to explain contemporary nematode distributions whereas the role of negative biotic interactions has been largely underestimated in soil. The future challenge is to understand how the effects of global change on biotic interactions will alter species coexistence. Tancredi Caruso et al. analyze biodiversity survey data from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, an extreme desert ecosystem in Antarctica in which abiotic factors are thought to determine species distributions. Focusing on three nematode species, they find that abiotic factors alone cannot explain the data and interaction between species have been historically underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tancredi Caruso
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Ian D Hogg
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, 1 Uvajuk Road, Cambridge Bay, NU, X0B 0C0, Canada
| | - Uffe N Nielsen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric M Bottos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, V2C 3A6, BC, Canada
| | - Charles K Lee
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - David W Hopkins
- SRUC - Scotland's Rural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - S Craig Cary
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - John E Barrett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA
| | - T G Allan Green
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Bryan C Storey
- Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Diana H Wall
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, USA
| | - Byron J Adams
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, and the Monte L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Korňan M, Svitok M. Pairwise null model analyses of temporal patterns of bird assemblages contradict the assumptions of competition theory. Basic Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
25
|
Adey AK, Kuehne LM, Olden JD. Trophic Ecology of Olympic Mudminnow (Novumbra hubbsi) in Lake Ozette, Washington. NORTHWEST SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3955/046.092.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaryllis K. Adey
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98
| | - Lauren M. Kuehne
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98
| | - Julian D. Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bar‐Massada A, Yang Q, Shen G, Wang X. Tree species co‐occurrence patterns change across grains: insights from a subtropical forest. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avi Bar‐Massada
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Department of Biology and Environment University of Haifa at Oranim Kiryat Tivon 36006 Israel
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Guochun Shen
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security 1515 North Zhongshan Road (No. 2) Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Xihua Wang
- Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security 1515 North Zhongshan Road (No. 2) Shanghai 200092 China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The microbiome of wild Mus musculus (house mouse), a globally distributed invasive pest that resides in close contact with humans in urban centers, is largely unexplored. Here, we report analysis of the fecal virome of house mice in residential buildings in New York City, NY. Mice were collected at seven sites in Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, and the Bronx over a period of 1 year. Unbiased high-throughput sequencing of feces revealed 36 viruses from 18 families and 21 genera, including at least 6 novel viruses and 3 novel genera. A representative screen of 15 viruses by PCR confirmed the presence of 13 of these viruses in liver. We identified an uneven distribution of diversity, with several viruses being associated with specific locations. Higher mouse weight was associated with an increase in the number of viruses detected per mouse, after adjusting for site, sex, and length. We found neither genetic footprints to known human viral pathogens nor antibodies to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.IMPORTANCE Mice carry a wide range of infectious agents with zoonotic potential. Their proximity to humans in the built environment is therefore a concern for public health. Laboratory mice are also the most common experimental model for investigating the pathobiology of infectious diseases. In this survey of mice trapped in multiple locations within New York City over a period of 1 year, we found a diverse collection of viruses that includes some previously not associated with house mice and others that appear to be novel. Although we found no known human pathogens, our findings provide insights into viral ecology and may yield models that have utility for clinical microbiology.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sánchez-Galván IR, Marcos-García MÁ, Galante E, Azeria ET, Micó E. Unraveling Saproxylic Insect Interactions in Tree Hollows from Iberian Mediterranean Forest. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:300-308. [PMID: 29506151 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree hollows are complex microhabitats in which a variety of abiotic and biotic factors shape the community assembly of saproxylic insects. Detecting non-random species co-occurrence patterns is a fundamental goal in ecology in order to understand the assembly mechanisms of communities. We study association patterns of species of Coleoptera and Diptera (Syrphidae), belonging to different trophic guilds, on 72 tree hollows at a local and regional scale in three protected areas in Mediterranean forests using a fixed-fixed null model. Our matrix-level analysis shows a tendency for segregation in species association (species exclusion) at the regional and site levels. However, the high complexity of tree-hollow habitats, offering different resources for a more or less specialized fauna, makes it difficult to prove competition interactions. Indeed, pairwise analysis shows a dominance of non-random aggregation patterns (species coexistence) at the local and regional levels. Both aggregation and segregation of non-random patterns were more common among species from different trophic guilds than within the same guilds, with predators being a common denominator for a high percentage of the inter-guild pairs. Our results suggest that predation and facilitation interactions, together with habitat segregation, are the main factors shaping tree-hollow assemblages, while competition seems to be less important. We conclude that species interactions take an important part of the process of assemblage structuration and special attention should be paid to 'ecosystem engineers' and threatened species in the conservation of tree hollow assemblages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid R Sánchez-Galván
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Galante
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Ermias T Azeria
- Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, Science Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - Estefanía Micó
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barner AK, Coblentz KE, Hacker SD, Menge BA. Fundamental contradictions among observational and experimental estimates of non-trophic species interactions. Ecology 2018; 99:557-566. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison K. Barner
- Department of Integrative Biology; Oregon State University; 3029 Cordley Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Kyle E. Coblentz
- Department of Integrative Biology; Oregon State University; 3029 Cordley Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Sally D. Hacker
- Department of Integrative Biology; Oregon State University; 3029 Cordley Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Bruce A. Menge
- Department of Integrative Biology; Oregon State University; 3029 Cordley Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vaughan IP, Gotelli NJ, Memmott J, Pearson CE, Woodward G, Symondson WOC. econullnetr: An
r
package using null models to analyse the structure of ecological networks and identify resource selection. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Vaughan
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff University Cardiff UK
| | | | - Jane Memmott
- Life Sciences BuildingUniversity of Bristol Bristol UK
| | | | - Guy Woodward
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College London Ascot, Berkshire UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Brodie JF, Helmy OE, Mohd-Azlan J, Granados A, Bernard H, Giordano AJ, Zipkin E. Models for assessing local-scale co-abundance of animal species while accounting for differential detectability and varied responses to the environment. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jedediah F. Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences & Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59802 USA
| | - Olga E. Helmy
- Division of Biological Sciences & Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59802 USA
| | - Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology; Universiti Malaysia Sarawak; 94300 Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Alys Granados
- Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 2329 West Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; 88999 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
| | | | - Elise Zipkin
- Department of Integrative Biology; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ulrich W, Banks-Leite C, De Coster G, Habel JC, Matheve H, Newmark WD, Tobias JA, Lens L. Environmentally and behaviourally mediated co-occurrence of functional traits in bird communities of tropical forest fragments. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Ulrich
- Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ.; Toruń Poland
| | - Cristina Banks-Leite
- Dept of Life Sciences; Silwood Park; Imperial College London UK
- Dept of Ecology; Biosciences Inst., Univ. of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Greet De Coster
- Dept of Life Sciences; Silwood Park; Imperial College London UK
- Dept of Ecology; Biosciences Inst., Univ. of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc Lens
- Dept of Biology; Ghent Univ.; Ghent Belgium
- Dept of Zoology; National Museums of Kenya; Nairobi Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Spickett A, Junker K, Krasnov BR, Haukisalmi V, Matthee S. Community structure of helminth parasites in two closely related South African rodents differing in sociality and spatial behaviour. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2299-2312. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
34
|
Trivellone V, Bougeard S, Giavi S, Krebs P, Balseiro D, Dray S, Moretti M. Factors shaping community assemblages and species co-occurrence of different trophic levels. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4745-4754. [PMID: 28690804 PMCID: PMC5496552 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Species assemblages are the results of various processes, including dispersion and habitat filtering. Disentangling the effects of these different processes is challenging for statistical analysis, especially when biotic interactions should be considered. In this study, we used plants (producers) and leafhoppers (phytophagous) as model organisms, and we investigated the relative importance of abiotic versus biotic factors that shape community assemblages, and we infer on their biotic interactions by applying three-step statistical analysis. We applied a novel statistical analysis, that is, multiblock Redundancy Analysis (mbRA, step 1) and showed that 51.8% and 54.1% of the overall variation in plant and leafhopper assemblages are, respectively, explained by the two multiblock models. The most important blocks of variables to explain the variations in plant and leafhopper assemblages were local topography and biotic factors. Variation partitioning analysis (step 2) showed that pure abiotic filtering and pure biotic processes were relatively less important than their combinations, suggesting that biotic relationships are strongly structured by abiotic conditions. Pairwise co-occurrence analysis (step 3) on generalist leafhoppers and the most common plants identified 40 segregated species pairs (mainly between plant species) and 16 aggregated pairs (mainly between leafhopper species). Pairwise analysis on specialist leafhoppers and potential host plants clearly revealed aggregated patterns. Plant segregation suggests heterogeneous resource availability and competitive interactions, while leafhopper aggregation suggests host feeding differentiation at the local level, different feeding microhabitats on host plants, and similar environmental requirements of the species. Using the novel mbRA, we disentangle for the first time the relative importance of more than five distinct groups of variables shaping local species communities. We highlighted the important role of abiotic processes mediated by bottom-up effects of plants on leafhopper communities. Our results revealed that in-field structure diversification and trophic interactions are the main factors causing the co-occurrence patterns observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Trivellone
- Biodiversity and Conservation BiologySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Soil BiodiversityUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Stephanie Bougeard
- Department of EpidemiologyAnses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety)PloufraganFrance
| | - Simone Giavi
- Biodiversity and Conservation BiologySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Patrik Krebs
- Community EcologySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLCadenazzoSwitzerland
| | - Diego Balseiro
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA)CONICET and Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Stephane Dray
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie EvolutiveUniv Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Marco Moretti
- Biodiversity and Conservation BiologySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The distribution of digenean metacercariae within bream (Abramis brama) gill apparatus: preferences, co-occurrence and interactions of parasites. J Helminthol 2017; 92:332-342. [PMID: 28535826 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x1700044x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Species-specific microenvironmental preferences and interactions between parasite species have been the focus of many ecological studies. Here, we studied the distribution of ectoparasite species within the gill apparatus of bream (Abramis brama) from Lake Lubāns (Latvia) to establish whether digenean metacercariae: (1) prefer specific patches within the gill apparatus; (2) co-occur in the same patches with monogeneans and copepods within a host individual; and (3) interact with monogeneans and copepods. We recorded all parasites on gill arches of the same host species and used null models to analyse co-occurrences of digenean metacercariae, monogeneans and copepods. Zero-inflated mixture models were used to define the preferred patches of parasites. We found that digenean metacercariae (Bucephalus polymorphus) prefer specific patches of the gill apparatus to encyst, and shared these preferences with monogeneans and copepods, but did not interact with them. We concluded that digenean metacercariae have a species-specific microenvironmental preference to encyst in the gill apparatus and their occurrence (even in high numbers) does not reduce the success of attachment of monogeneans and copepods in the same gill patches.
Collapse
|
36
|
Carbonell JA, Velasco J, Millán A, Green AJ, Coccia C, Guareschi S, Gutiérrez‐Cánovas C. Biological invasion modifies the co‐occurrence patterns of insects along a stress gradient. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Carbonell
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’ University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Josefa Velasco
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’ University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Andrés Millán
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’ University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Andy J. Green
- Department of Wetland Ecology Doñana Biological Station (EBD‐CSIC) Américo Vespucio 26 41092 Seville Spain
| | - Cristina Coccia
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago3542000 Chile
| | - Simone Guareschi
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’ University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Cayetano Gutiérrez‐Cánovas
- Catchment Research Group Cardiff University School of Biosciences The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue CardiffCF10 3AX UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sfenthourakis S, Triantis KA. The Aegean archipelago: a natural laboratory of evolution, ecology and civilisations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:4. [PMID: 28251115 PMCID: PMC5320758 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-017-0061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Aegean archipelago, comprising numerous islands and islets with great heterogeneity in topographic, geological, historical and environmental properties, offers an ideal natural laboratory for ecological and evolutionary research, and has been the stage for a very long interaction between human civilizations and local ecosystems. This work presents insights that have been gained from past and current relevant research in the area, highlighting also the importance of the Aegean archipelago as a useful model to address many major questions in biogeography, ecology and evolutionary processes. Among the most interesting findings from such studies concern the role of habitat heterogeneity as the most important determinant of species richness, the development of a new model (Choros) for the species–area–habitats relationship, the mechanistic aspects of the Small Island Effect, the very high rates of species turnover, the lack of a role for interspecific competition in shaping species co-occurrence patterns in most cases, the importance of non adaptive radiation in diversification of several taxa, the insights into the relative roles of vicariance and dispersal in speciation, the understanding of the interplay between human presence and the establishment of exotic species and extinction of indigenous biotas. Concluding, the Aegean archipelago is an ideal stage for research in evolution, ecology and biogeography, and has the potential to become a model study area at a global level, especially for land-bridge, continental islands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Sfenthourakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Panepistimiou 1, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kostas A Triantis
- Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Harris DJ. Inferring species interactions from co-occurrence data with Markov networks. Ecology 2016; 97:3308-3314. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harris
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall PO Box 110430 Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
López RP, Squeo FA, Armas C, Kelt DA, Gutiérrez JR. Enhanced facilitation at the extreme end of the aridity gradient in the Atacama Desert: a community-level approach. Ecology 2016; 97:1593-604. [PMID: 27459788 DOI: 10.1890/15-1152.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant facilitation is now recognized as an important process in severe environments. However, there is still no agreement on how facilitation changes as conditions become increasingly severe. The classic stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts a monotonic increase in facilitation, which rises in frequency as conditions approach the extreme end of the environmental gradient. However, few studies have evaluated the validity of the SGH at the community level, the level at which it was formulated. Moreover, few studies have tested the SGH at either extreme of the gradient, and very few have excluded the effect of livestock on community response to stress. In line with the SGH, we hypothesized that several spatial pattern summary statistics would change monotonically from the least to the most arid sites, indicating increasingly aggregated patterns. In this study, we performed an evaluation of the SGH both within communities of shrub species and across a large portion of the Atacama Desert, and we isolated the abiotic component of the SGH. Our environmental gradient covered an extreme aridity gradient (< 20-130 mm annual precipitation). To perform point pattern analysis, we established 13 sites with environmental conditions representing four distinct levels of this gradient. Further, we conducted species co-occurrence analyses at 19 sites along the gradient. Both sets of analyses showed stronger positive spatial associations among plants at the most extreme end of the gradient. This was true regardless of whether we included all individuals, only small individuals located around large ones, or individuals in species pairs. Moreover, species tended to show greater co-occurrence as environmental severity increased. This increase in aggregation in the plant community seems to correlate with an increase in the strength of positive interspecific interactions, rather than greater clustering within each species. These monotonic increases in species co-occurrence and spatial association in more severe environments are consistent with some of the predictions of SGH, and collectively these results suggest that as the climate becomes more arid, positive species pairs interactions tend to be prevalent in the community.
Collapse
|
41
|
Ellwood MF, Blüthgen N, Fayle TM, Foster WA, Menzel F. Competition can lead to unexpected patterns in tropical ant communities. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
42
|
Muturi EJ, Bara JJ, Rooney AP, Hansen AK. Midgut fungal and bacterial microbiota of Aedes triseriatus and Aedes japonicus shift in response to La Crosse virus infection. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4075-90. [PMID: 27357374 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how midgut microbial communities of field-collected mosquitoes interact with pathogens is critical for controlling vector infection and disease. We used 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer sequencing to characterize the midgut bacterial and fungal communities of adult females of Aedes triseriatus and Aedes japonicus collected as pupae in tree holes, plastic bins and waste tires and their response to La Crosse virus (LACV) infection. For both mosquito species and across all habitat and virus treatments, a total of 62 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from six phyla and 21 fungal OTUs from two phyla were identified. The majority of bacterial (92%) and fungal (71%) OTUs were shared between the mosquito species; however, several OTUs were unique to each species. Bacterial and fungal communities of individuals that took either infectious or noninfectious bloodmeals were less diverse and more homogeneous compared to those of newly emerged adults. Interestingly, LACV-infected A. triseriatus and A. japonicus had higher bacterial richness and lower fungal richness compared to individuals that took a noninfectious bloodmeal, suggesting that viral infection was associated with an increase in bacterial OTUs and a decrease in fungal OTUs. For both mosquito species, several OTUs were identified that had both high fidelity and specificity to mosquito midguts that were infected with LACV. Overall, these findings demonstrate that bacterial and fungal communities that reside in mosquito midguts respond to host diet and viral infection and could play a role in modulating vector susceptibility to LACV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ephantus J Muturi
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Bara
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Alejandro P Rooney
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Allison K Hansen
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Castelin M, Van Steenkiste N, Pante E, Harbo R, Lowe G, Gilmore SR, Therriault TW, Abbott CL. A new integrative framework for large-scale assessments of biodiversity and community dynamics, using littoral gastropods and crabs of British Columbia, Canada. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 16:1322-1339. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Castelin
- Pacific Biological Station; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 3190 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo BC Canada V9T 6N7
| | - N. Van Steenkiste
- Pacific Biological Station; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 3190 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo BC Canada V9T 6N7
| | - E. Pante
- LIENSs Laboratory; UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle; 2 rue Olympe de Gouges La Rochelle 17000 France
| | - R. Harbo
- Invertebrate Zoology; Royal BC Museum; 675 Belleville Street Victoria BC Canada V8W 9W2
| | - G. Lowe
- Pacific Biological Station; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 3190 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo BC Canada V9T 6N7
| | - S. R. Gilmore
- Pacific Biological Station; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 3190 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo BC Canada V9T 6N7
| | - T. W. Therriault
- Pacific Biological Station; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 3190 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo BC Canada V9T 6N7
| | - C. L. Abbott
- Pacific Biological Station; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 3190 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo BC Canada V9T 6N7
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bar-Massada A. Complex relationships between species niches and environmental heterogeneity affect species co-occurrence patterns in modelled and real communities. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150927. [PMID: 26246546 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species co-occurrence analysis is commonly used to assess how interspecific interactions dictate community assembly. Non-random co-occurrences, however, may also emerge from niche differences as well as environmental heterogeneity. The relationships between species co-occurrence patterns, environmental heterogeneity and species niches are not fully understood, due to complex interactions among them. To analyse the relationships among these patterns and processes, I developed synthetic community models and analysed a large dataset of tree species across the conterminous United States. Niche overlap and environmental heterogeneity had significant and contrasting effects on species co-occurrence patterns, in both modelled and real communities. Niche breadth, in turn, affected the effect sizes of both variables on species co-occurrence patterns. The effect of niche breadth on the relationship between co-occurrence and niche overlap was markedly consistent between modelled and real communities, while its effect on the relationship between co-occurrence and environmental heterogeneity was mostly consistent between real and modelled data. The results of this analysis highlight the complex and interactive effects of species niche overlap, niche breadth and environmental heterogeneity on species co-occurrence patterns. Therefore, inferring ecological processes from co-occurrence patterns without accounting for these fundamental characteristics of species and environments may lead to biased conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avi Bar-Massada
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa, Kiryat Tivon 36006, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Lyons SK, Amatangelo KL, Behrensmeyer AK, Bercovici A, Blois JL, Davis M, DiMichele WA, Du A, Eronen JT, Faith JT, Graves GR, Jud N, Labandeira C, Looy CV, McGill B, Miller JH, Patterson D, Pineda-Munoz S, Potts R, Riddle B, Terry R, Tóth A, Ulrich W, Villaseñor A, Wing S, Anderson H, Anderson J, Waller D, Gotelli NJ. Holocene shifts in the assembly of plant and animal communities implicate human impacts. Nature 2015; 529:80-3. [PMID: 26675730 DOI: 10.1038/nature16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how ecological communities are organized and how they change through time is critical to predicting the effects of climate change. Recent work documenting the co-occurrence structure of modern communities found that most significant species pairs co-occur less frequently than would be expected by chance. However, little is known about how co-occurrence structure changes through time. Here we evaluate changes in plant and animal community organization over geological time by quantifying the co-occurrence structure of 359,896 unique taxon pairs in 80 assemblages spanning the past 300 million years. Co-occurrences of most taxon pairs were statistically random, but a significant fraction were spatially aggregated or segregated. Aggregated pairs dominated from the Carboniferous period (307 million years ago) to the early Holocene epoch (11,700 years before present), when there was a pronounced shift to more segregated pairs, a trend that continues in modern assemblages. The shift began during the Holocene and coincided with increasing human population size and the spread of agriculture in North America. Before the shift, an average of 64% of significant pairs were aggregated; after the shift, the average dropped to 37%. The organization of modern and late Holocene plant and animal assemblages differs fundamentally from that of assemblages over the past 300 million years that predate the large-scale impacts of humans. Our results suggest that the rules governing the assembly of communities have recently been changed by human activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kathleen Lyons
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA
| | - Kathryn L Amatangelo
- Department of Environmental Science and Biology, The College at Brockport - SUNY, Brockport, New York 14420, USA
| | - Anna K Behrensmeyer
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA
| | - Antoine Bercovici
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA
| | - Jessica L Blois
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Matt Davis
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA.,Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - William A DiMichele
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA
| | - Andrew Du
- Hominid Paleobiology Doctoral Program, Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Jussi T Eronen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Tyler Faith
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gary R Graves
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Nathan Jud
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Conrad Labandeira
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Cindy V Looy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Brian McGill
- School Biology and Ecology &Sustainability Solutions Initiative, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Joshua H Miller
- Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - David Patterson
- Hominid Paleobiology Doctoral Program, Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Silvia Pineda-Munoz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Richard Potts
- Department of Anthropology, Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA
| | - Brett Riddle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Rebecca Terry
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Anikó Tóth
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA
| | - Werner Ulrich
- Chair of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Amelia Villaseñor
- Hominid Paleobiology Doctoral Program, Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Scott Wing
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA
| | - Heidi Anderson
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Jorissen Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
| | - John Anderson
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Jorissen Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
| | - Donald Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Nicholas J Gotelli
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Maguire KC, Nieto-Lugilde D, Fitzpatrick MC, Williams JW, Blois JL. Modeling Species and Community Responses to Past, Present, and Future Episodes of Climatic and Ecological Change. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C. Maguire
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343; ,
| | - Diego Nieto-Lugilde
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland 21532
| | - Matthew C. Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland 21532
| | - John W. Williams
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Jessica L. Blois
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343; ,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Encinas-Viso F, Alonso D, Klironomos JN, Etienne RS, Chang ER. Plant-mycorrhizal fungus co-occurrence network lacks substantial structure. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Encinas-Viso
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen; Box 11103, NL-9700 Groningen CC the Netherlands
- CSIRO, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research; GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601 Canberra Australia
| | - David Alonso
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen; Box 11103, NL-9700 Groningen CC the Netherlands
- Theoretical Ecology Lab, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes, CEAB-CSIC; Spain
| | | | - Rampal S. Etienne
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen; Box 11103, NL-9700 Groningen CC the Netherlands
| | - Esther R. Chang
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen; Box 11103, NL-9700 Groningen CC the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
von Gagern M, von Gagern M, Schmitz Ornés A. Problems with bins: A critical reassessment of Gotelli and Ulrich's Bayes approach using bird data. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
50
|
Lopes GN, Souza-Filho MF, Gotelli NJ, Lemos LJU, Godoy WAC, Zucchi RA. Temporal Overlap and Co-Occurrence in a Guild of Sub-Tropical Tephritid Fruit Flies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132124. [PMID: 26161855 PMCID: PMC4498608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of community assembly have emphasized snapshot comparisons of spatially replicated samples from "natural" assemblages. Agro-ecosystems are characterized by relatively little habitat heterogeneity and no dispersal barriers for actively flying insects. Therefore, dynamic patterns of species segregation and aggregation are more likely to reflect the direct or indirect effects of species interactions. We studied the temporal organization of a guild of 21 congeneric species of Anastrepha that colonized fruit orchards in Monte Alegre do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil. This assemblage also included the introduced Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. One hundred six consecutive weekly censuses (11 Jan 2002-16 Jan 2004) of flies in guava, loquat, and peach orchards revealed a pattern of minimum abundance during the coldest months of each year (June and July) and a maximum abundance during periods of flowering and fruit ripening. Overall, phenological overlap was greater than expected by chance. However, conditioned on the pattern of seasonal abundances, temporal occurrence and abundance matrices exhibited patterns of significant species segregation and anti-nestedness. In each year, the 3 orchards contained a small number of species pairs that exhibited statistically significant temporal segregation or aggregation. Most aggregated and segregated pairs reflected seasonal shifts in species presences that were not related to variation in air temperature. Most of the significant pairwise associations involved C. capitata: 8 of the 11 segregated pairs and 2 of the 7 aggregated pairs. These results suggest that species interactions between introduced and native species can be an important determinant of species associations in agro-ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gleidyane N. Lopes
- “Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia”, “Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’–ESALQ / USP”, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel F. Souza-Filho
- “Instituto Biológico”, “Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento”, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas J. Gotelli
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Leandro J. U. Lemos
- “Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia”, “Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’–ESALQ / USP”, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley A. C. Godoy
- “Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia”, “Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’–ESALQ / USP”, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto A. Zucchi
- “Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia”, “Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’–ESALQ / USP”, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|