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Carrillo-Arizmendi L, Vargas-Hernández JJ, Rozenberg P, Pérez-Suárez M, Martínez-Campos AR. Phenotypic plasticity of growth ring traits in Pinus hartwegii at the ends of its elevational gradient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1072638. [PMID: 37799549 PMCID: PMC10548213 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1072638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Phenotypic plasticity (PP) could be an important short-term mechanism to modify physiological and morphological traits in response to climate change and global warming, particularly for high-mountain tree species. The objective was to evaluate PP response of growth ring traits to temperature and precipitation in Pinus hartwegii Lindl. populations located at the ends of its elevational gradient on two volcanic mountains in central Mexico (La Malinche and Nevado de Toluca). Methods Increment cores collected from 274 P. hartwegii trees were used to estimate their PP through reaction norms (RN), which relate the ring width and density traits with climate variables (temperature and precipitation). We estimated the trees' sensitivity (significant RN) to climatic variables, as well as the relative proportion of RN with positive and negative slope. We also estimated the relationship between the PP of ring width and density traits using correlation and Principal Component (PC) analyses. Results Over 70% of all trees showed significant RN to growing season and winter temperatures for at least one growth ring trait, with a similar proportion of significant RN at both ends of the gradient on both mountains. Ring width traits had mostly negative RN, while ring density traits tended to have positive RN. Frequency of negative RN decreased from lower to higher elevation for most traits. Average PP was higher at the lower end of the gradient, especially on LM, both for ring width and ring density traits, although high intrapopulation variation in PP was found on both mountains. Discussion Results indicate that P. hartwegii presents spatially differentiated plastic responses in width and density components of radial growth. PP was particularly strong at the lower elevation, which has higher temperature and water stress conditions, putting these populations at risk from the continuing global warming driven by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Carrillo-Arizmendi
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Forestry Sciences, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | - Marlin Pérez-Suárez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, Mexico
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Escobar‐Sandoval M, Pâques L, Fonti P, Martinez‐Meier A, Rozenberg P. Phenotypic plasticity of European larch radial growth and wood density along a-1,000 m elevational gradient. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:45-60. [PMID: 37284284 PMCID: PMC10168074 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is a key mechanism for sedentary long-living species to adjust to changing environment. Here, we use mature Larix decidua tree-ring variables collected along an elevational transect in the French Alps to characterize the range of individual plastic responses to temperature. Stem cores from 821 mature Larix decidua trees have been collected from four plots distributed along a 1,000-m elevational gradient in a natural forest to build up individual linear reaction norms of tree-ring microdensity traits to temperature. The sign, magnitude and spread of variations of the slopes of the individual reaction norms were used to characterize variation of phenotypic plasticity among plots and traits. Results showed a large range of phenotypic plasticity (with positive and negative slopes) at each elevational plot and for each tree-ring variable. Overall, phenotypic plasticity tends to be larger but positive at higher elevation, negative at the warmer lower sites, and more variable in the center of the elevation distribution. Individual inter-ring reaction norm is a valuable tool to retrospectively characterize phenotypic plasticity of mature forest trees. This approach applied to Larix decidua tree-ring micro-density traits along an elevation gradient showed the existence of large inter-individual variations that could support local adaptation to a fast-changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Pâques
- INRAEUMR 0588 BIOFORAOrléans Cedex 2France
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
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Westneat DF, Potts LJ, Sasser KL, Shaffer JD. Causes and Consequences of Phenotypic Plasticity in Complex Environments. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:555-568. [PMID: 30871734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is a ubiquitous and necessary adaptation of organisms to variable environments, but most environments have multiple dimensions that vary. Many studies have documented plasticity of a trait with respect to variation in multiple environmental factors. Such multidimensional phenotypic plasticity (MDPP) exists at all levels of organismal organization, from the whole organism to within cells. This complexity in plasticity cannot be explained solely by scaling up ideas from models of unidimensional plasticity. MDPP generates new questions about the mechanism and function of plasticity and its role in speciation and population persistence. Here we review empirical and theoretical approaches to plasticity in response to multidimensional environments and we outline new opportunities along with some difficulties facing future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Westneat
- Department of Biology, 101 T.H. Morgan Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA.
| | - Leslie J Potts
- Department of Entomology, S-225 Agricultural Science Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA
| | - Katherine L Sasser
- Department of Biology, 101 T.H. Morgan Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
| | - James D Shaffer
- Department of Biology, 101 T.H. Morgan Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
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Mu X, Xu M, Ricciardi A, Dick JTA, Luo D, Wei H, Hu Y, Wei Q. The influence of warming on the biogeographic and phylogenetic dependence of herbivore-plant interactions. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2231-2241. [PMID: 30847107 PMCID: PMC6392400 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary experience and the phylogenetic relationships of plants have both been proposed to influence herbivore-plant interactions and plant invasion success. However, the direction and magnitude of these effects, and how such patterns are altered with increasing temperature, are rarely studied. Through laboratory functional response experiments, we tested whether the per capita feeding efficiency of an invasive generalist herbivore, the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, is dependent on the biogeographic origin and phylogenetic relatedness of host plants, and how increasing temperature alters these dependencies. The feeding efficiency of the herbivore was highest on plant species with which it had no shared evolutionary history, that is, novel plants. Further, among evolutionarily familiar plants, snail feeding efficiency was higher on those species more closely related to the novel plants. However, these biogeographic dependencies became less pronounced with increasing temperature, whereas the phylogenetic dependence was unaffected. Collectively, our findings indicate that the susceptibility of plants to this invasive herbivore is mediated by both biogeographic origin and phylogenetic relatedness. We hypothesize that warming erodes the influence of evolutionary exposure, thereby altering herbivore-plant interactions and perhaps the invasion success of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidong Mu
- College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Recreational FisheriesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Recreational FisheriesGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Xu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Recreational FisheriesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Recreational FisheriesGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Jaimie T. A. Dick
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Du Luo
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Recreational FisheriesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Recreational FisheriesGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Wei
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Recreational FisheriesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Recreational FisheriesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yinchang Hu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Recreational FisheriesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Recreational FisheriesGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiwei Wei
- College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Yangtze River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesWuhanChina
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Pequeno PACL, Franklin E, Norton RA, de Morais JW. A tropical arthropod unravels local and global environmental dependence of seasonal temperature-size response. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2018.0125. [PMID: 29720446 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In most ectotherms, adult body size decreases with warming, the so-called 'temperature-size rule' (TSR). However, the extent to which the strength of the TSR varies naturally within species is little known, and the significance of this phenomenon for tropical biota has been largely neglected. Here, we show that the adult body mass of the soil mite Rostrozetes ovulum declined as maximum temperature increased over seasons in a central Amazonian rainforest. Further, per cent decline per °C was fourfold higher in riparian than in upland forests, possibly reflecting differences in oxygen and/or resource supply. Adding our results to a global dataset revealed that, across terrestrial arthropods, the seasonal TSR is generally stronger in hotter environments. Our study suggests that size thermal dependence varies predictably with the environment both locally and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Franklin
- Biodiversity Coordination, National Institute for Amazonia Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Roy A Norton
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - José W de Morais
- Biodiversity Coordination, National Institute for Amazonia Research, Manaus, Brazil
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Conifer Monoterpene Chemistry during an Outbreak Enhances Consumption and Immune Response of an Eruptive Folivore. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:1281-1292. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kingsolver JG, MacLean HJ, Goddin SB, Augustine KE. Plasticity of upper thermal limits to acute and chronic temperature variation in Manduca sexta larvae. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:1290-4. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.138321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In many ectotherms, exposure to high temperatures can improve subsequent tolerance to higher temperatures. However, the differential effects of single, repeated, or continuous exposure to high temperatures are less clear. We measured the effects of single heat shocks and of diurnally fluctuating or constant rearing temperatures on the critical thermal maximum temperatures (CTmax) for final instar larvae of Manduca sexta. Brief (2h) heat shocks at temperatures of 35°C and above significantly increased CTmax relative to control temperatures (25°C). Increasing mean temperatures (from 25 to 30°C) or greater diurnal fluctuations (from constant to ±10°C) during larval development also significantly increased CTmax. Combining these data showed that repeated or continuous temperature exposure during development improved heat tolerance beyond the effects of a single exposure to the same maximum temperature. These results suggest that both acute and chronic temperature exposure can result in adaptive plasticity of upper thermal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G. Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - Heidi J. MacLean
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - Silvan B. Goddin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - Kate E. Augustine
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
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Lee KP, Jang T, Ravzanaadii N, Rho MS. Macronutrient Balance Modulates the Temperature-Size Rule in an Ectotherm. Am Nat 2015; 186:212-22. [PMID: 26655150 DOI: 10.1086/682072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Most ectotherms mature at a larger body size in colder conditions, a phenomenon known as the temperature-size rule. While a number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain this rule, little work has been done to understand it from a nutritional perspective. We have used the final-instar caterpillars of Spodoptera litura to investigate how dietary protein∶carbohydrate (P∶C) balance influences the relationship between temperature and body size. The strength and direction of the thermal reaction norm for body size were significantly altered by dietary P∶C balance. The slope of the reaction norm was nearly flat for caterpillars raised on a balanced food ([Formula: see text]) but was significantly negative for those on nutritionally imbalanced foods (1∶5 or 5∶1), especially when carbohydrates were in considerable excess. These nutrient-dependent effects of temperature on body size were caused mainly by corresponding changes in body lipid storage. When allowed to choose between imbalanced diets, caterpillars increased their preference for carbohydrates to meet high energy demands at higher temperatures. The slope of the thermal reaction norm for body size was substantially reduced by such a temperature-driven shift in nutrient preference, indicating that the impact of high temperature on body size was buffered by altered food selection. This study highlights the importance of macronutrient balance as a key factor modulating the relationship between temperature and body size in ectotherms and provides a novel approach for understanding the temperature-size rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Pum Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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Westneat DF, Wright J, Dingemanse NJ. The biology hidden inside residual within-individual phenotypic variation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:729-43. [PMID: 25080034 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypes vary hierarchically among taxa and populations, among genotypes within populations, among individuals within genotypes, and also within individuals for repeatedly expressed, labile phenotypic traits. This hierarchy produces some fundamental challenges to clearly defining biological phenomena and constructing a consistent explanatory framework. We use a heuristic statistical model to explore two consequences of this hierarchy. First, although the variation existing among individuals within populations has long been of interest to evolutionary biologists, within-individual variation has been much less emphasized. Within-individual variance occurs when labile phenotypes (behaviour, physiology, and sometimes morphology) exhibit phenotypic plasticity or deviate from a norm-of-reaction within the same individual. A statistical partitioning of phenotypic variance leads us to explore an array of ideas about residual within-individual variation. We use this approach to draw attention to additional processes that may influence within-individual phenotypic variance, including interactions among environmental factors, ecological effects on the fitness consequences of plasticity, and various types of adaptive variance. Second, our framework for investigating variation in phenotypic variance reveals that interactions between levels of the hierarchy form the preconditions for the evolution of all types of plasticity, and we extend this idea to the residual level within individuals, where both adaptive plasticity in residuals and canalization-like processes (stability) can evolve. With the statistical tools now available to examine heterogeneous residual variance, an array of novel questions linking phenotype to environment can be usefully addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Westneat
- Department of Biology, Center for Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Kentucky, 101 Morgan Building, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan Wright
- Department of Biology, Center for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Niels J Dingemanse
- Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Evolutionary Ecology of Variation Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
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Bauerfeind SS, Fischer K. Increased temperature reduces herbivore host-plant quality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3272-82. [PMID: 23775632 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally increasing temperatures may strongly affect insect herbivore performance, as their growth and development is directly linked to ambient temperature as well as host-plant quality. In contrast to direct effects of temperature on herbivores, indirect effects mediated via thermal effects on host-plant quality are only poorly understood, despite having the potential to substantially impact performance and thereby to alter responses to the changing climatic conditions. We here use a full-factorial design to explore the direct (larvae were reared at 17 °C or 25 °C) and indirect effects (host plants were reared at 17 °C or 25 °C) of temperature on larval growth and life-history traits in the temperate-zone butterfly Pieris napi. Direct temperature effects reflected the common pattern of prolonged development and increased body mass at lower temperatures. At the higher temperature, efficiency of converting food into body matter was much reduced being accompanied by an increased food intake, suggesting compensatory feeding. Indirect temperature effects were apparent as reduced body mass, longer development time, an increased food intake, and a reduced efficiency of converting food into body matter in larvae feeding on plants grown at the higher temperature, thus indicating poor host-plant quality. The effects of host-plant quality were more pronounced at the higher temperature, at which compensatory feeding was much less efficient. Our results highlight that temperature-mediated changes in host-plant quality are a significant, but largely overlooked source of variation in herbivore performance. Such effects may exaggerate negative effects of global warming, which should be considered when trying to forecast species' responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Bauerfeind
- Zoological Institute & Museum, University of Greifswald, Johann-Sebastian-Bach Str. 11/12, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
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Bauerfeind SS, Fischer K. Targeting the right trait: The relative suitability of a host plant depends on the herbivore trait considered and ambient temperature. Basic Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bernard F, Sache I, Suffert F, Chelle M. The development of a foliar fungal pathogen does react to leaf temperature! THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:232-240. [PMID: 23373986 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The thermal performance curve is an ecological concept relating the phenotype of organisms and temperature. It requires characterization of the leaf temperature for foliar fungal pathogens. Epidemiologists, however, use air temperature to assess the impacts of temperature on such pathogens. Leaf temperature can differ greatly from air temperature, either in controlled or field conditions. This leads to a misunderstanding of such impacts. Experiments were carried out in controlled conditions on adult wheat plants to characterize the response of Mycosphaerella graminicola to a wide range of leaf temperatures. Three fungal isolates were used. Lesion development was assessed twice a week, whereas the temperature of each leaf was monitored continuously. Leaf temperature had an impact on disease dynamics. The latent period of M. graminicola was related to leaf temperature by a quadratic relationship. The establishment of thermal performance curves demonstrated differences among isolates as well as among leaf layers. For the first time, the thermal performance curve of a foliar fungal pathogen has been established using leaf temperature. The experimental setup we propose is applicable, and efficient, for other foliar fungal pathogens. Results have shown the necessity of such an approach, when studying the acclimatization of foliar fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bernard
- INRA, UMR1091 EGC, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ivan Sache
- INRA, UR1290 BIOGER, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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