1
|
Feng JQ, Wang JH, Zhang SB. Leaf physiological and anatomical responses of two sympatric Paphiopedilum species to temperature. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:101-108. [PMID: 35281120 PMCID: PMC8897187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paphiopedilum dianthum and P. micranthum are two endangered orchid species, with high ornamental and conservation values. They are sympatric species, but their leaf anatomical traits and flowering period have significant differences. However, it is unclear whether the differences in leaf structure of the two species will affect their adaptabilities to temperature. Here, we investigated the leaf photosynthetic, anatomical, and flowering traits of these two species at three sites with different temperatures (Kunming, 16.7 ± 0.2 °C; Puer, 17.7 ± 0.2 °C; Menglun, 23.3 ± 0.2 °C) in southwest China. Compared with those at Puer and Kunming, the values of light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf thickness (LT), and stomatal density (SD) in both species were lower at Menglun. The values of Pmax, gs, LT, adaxial cuticle thickness (CTad) and SD in P. dianthum were higher than those of P. micranthum at the three sites. Compared with P. dianthum, there were no flowering plants of P. micranthum at Menglun. These results indicated that both species were less resistance to high temperature, and P. dianthum had a stronger adaptability to high-temperature than P. micranthum. Our findings can provide valuable information for the conservation and cultivation of Paphiopedilum species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Qiu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ji-Hua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pellegrino G, Mahmoudi M, Palermo AM. Pollen viability of Euro-Mediterranean orchids under different storage conditions: The possible effects of climate change. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:140-147. [PMID: 32967048 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The future impact of climate change and a warmer world is a matter of great concern. We therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature on pollen viability and fruit set of Mediterranean orchids. The in vitro and controlled pollination experiments were performed to evaluate the ability of pollinia stored at lower and higher temperatures to germinate and produce fruits and seeds containing viable embryos. In all of the examined orchids, pollen stored at -20 °C remained fully viable for up to 3 years, reducing its percentage germination from year 4 onwards. Pollinia stored at higher temperatures had a drastic reduction in vitality after 2 days at 41-44 °C, while pollinia stored at 47-50 °C did not show any pollen tube growth. The different levels of pollen viability duration among the examined orchids can be related to their peculiar reproductive biology and pollination ecology. The germinability of pollinia stored at lower temperatures for long periods suggests that orchid pollinia can be conserved ex situ. In contrast, higher temperatures can have harmful effects on the vitality of pollen and consequently on reproductive success of the plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the effects of global change on orchid pollen, and on pollen ability to tolerate, or not, higher air temperatures. Although vegetative reproduction allows orchids to survive a few consecutive warm years, higher temperatures for several consecutive years can have dramatic effects on reproductive success of orchids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - M Mahmoudi
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire des écosystèmes pastoraux et valorisation des plantes spontanées et des micro-organismes associés, Institut des Régions Arides, Médenine, Tunisia
| | - A M Palermo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baer CS, Dierick D, Garcia‐Robledo C. Portable heaters for microhabitat heating experiments. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Baer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - Diego Dierick
- La Selva Biological Station Organization for Tropical Studies San Pedro Montes de Oca Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Garcia‐Robledo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
- Laboratory of Interactions and Global Change University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Using phenological monitoring in situ and historical records to determine environmental triggers for emergence and anthesis in the rare orchid Platanthera praeclara Sheviak & Bowles. Glob Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
5
|
Pupillo P, Astuti G. Population structure of Erythronium dens-canis L. (Liliaceae) in the northern Apennines (Italy). ITALIAN BOTANIST 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/ib.4.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
6
|
Pupillo P, Astuti G. Population structure of Erythronium dens-canis L. (Liliaceae) in the northern Apennines (Italy). ITALIAN BOTANIST 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.4.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between age, time of emergence, and leaf traits of individuals were investigated in a population of Erythroniumdens-canis L. in a hilly woodland area named Farneto-C, near Bologna, Italy. In 2015, 591 individuals were counted, 19 of which were flowering (FLO), 442 were mature non-flowering (MNF) and 130 were juveniles (JUV). FLO emerged at the end of February, whereas most MNF and JUV appeared at the middle and end of March, respectively. The mean aboveground survivorship of MNF was 24 days. Most MNF had large, oval to shield-shaped leaves with red-brown mottling, whereas most JUV leaves were smaller, usually oblong or lanceolate with a rough maculation or none. These results suggest that both timing of emergence and leaf shape are related to the age of the bulb. Based on leaf background, plants were classified into three major types with a likely genetic basis in the 2015 and 2016 surveys (the latter limited to FLO): a dominant silvery type (SLV, 62–74%), silvery-and-green type (S&G, 23–32%), and a less frequent vivid-green type (GRN, 3–5%). Several subtypes were also identified, but only one was dominant within each type. The three basic patterns appear to be phenotypically stable and no differences between MNF and FLO were found; once the juvenile stage has passed, each plant produces the same leaf type year after year. In addition, our results on the discoloration time-course of red-brown spots suggest that the functional role of leaf mottling is not related to pollinator attraction. Instead, leaf mottling could play a role in camouflage against herbivores.The observed massive grazing on flowers, more than leaves, could explain why the frequency of mature individuals was biased towards the non-flowering ones.
Collapse
|
7
|
Anderson JT. Plant fitness in a rapidly changing world. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:81-7. [PMID: 26445400 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Modern reliance on fossil fuels has ushered in extreme temperatures globally and abnormal precipitation patterns in many regions. Although the climate is changing rapidly, other agents of natural selection such as photoperiod remain constant. This decoupling of previously reliable environmental cues shifts adaptive landscapes, favors novel suites of traits and likely increases the extinction risk of local populations. Here, I examine the fitness consequences of changing climates. Meta-analyses demonstrate that simulated future climates depress viability and fecundity components of fitness for native plant species in the short term, which could reduce population growth rates. Contracting populations that cannot adapt or adjust plastically to new climates might not be capable of producing sufficient migrants to track changing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill T Anderson
- Department Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marchin RM, Salk CF, Hoffmann WA, Dunn RR. Temperature alone does not explain phenological variation of diverse temperate plants under experimental warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3138-51. [PMID: 25736981 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change has altered temperate forest phenology, but how these trends will play out in the future is controversial. We measured the effect of experimental warming of 0.6-5.0 °C on the phenology of a diverse suite of 11 plant species in the deciduous forest understory (Duke Forest, North Carolina, USA) in a relatively warm year (2011) and a colder year (2013). Our primary goal was to dissect how temperature affects timing of spring budburst, flowering, and autumn leaf coloring for functional groups with different growth habits, phenological niches, and xylem anatomy. Warming advanced budburst of six deciduous woody species by 5-15 days and delayed leaf coloring by 18-21 days, resulting in an extension of the growing season by as much as 20-29 days. Spring temperature accumulation was strongly correlated with budburst date, but temperature alone cannot explain the diverse budburst responses observed among plant functional types. Ring-porous trees showed a consistent temperature response pattern across years, suggesting these species are sensitive to photoperiod. Conversely, diffuse-porous species responded differently between years, suggesting winter chilling may be more important in regulating budburst. Budburst of the ring-porous Quercus alba responded nonlinearly to warming, suggesting evolutionary constraints may limit changes in phenology, and therefore productivity, in the future. Warming caused a divergence in flowering times among species in the forest community, resulting in a longer flowering season by 10-16 days. Temperature was a good predictor of flowering for only four of the seven species studied here. Observations of interannual temperature variability overpredicted flowering responses in spring-blooming species, relative to our warming experiment, and did not consistently predict even the direction of flowering shifts. Experiments that push temperatures beyond historic variation are indispensable for improving predictions of future changes in phenology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée M Marchin
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7612, USA
| | - Carl F Salk
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - William A Hoffmann
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7612, USA
| | - Robert R Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7617, USA
| |
Collapse
|