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Li B, Duan Y, Du Z, Wang X, Liu S, Feng Z, Tian L, Song F, Yang H, Cai W, Lin Z, Li H. Natural selection and genetic diversity maintenance in a parasitic wasp during continuous biological control application. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1379. [PMID: 38355730 PMCID: PMC10866907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aphidius gifuensis is a parasitoid wasp and primary endoparasitoid enemy of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae. Artificially reared, captive wasps of this species have been extensively and effectively used to control populations of aphids and limit crop loss. However, the consequences of large-scale releasing of captive A. gifuensis, such as genetic erosion and reduced fitness in wild populations of this species, remains unclear. Here, we sequence the genomes of 542 A. gifuensis individuals collected across China, including 265 wild and 277 human-intervened samples. Population genetic analyses on wild individuals recovered Yunnan populations as the ancestral group with the most complex genetic structure. We also find genetic signature of environmental adaptation during the dispersal of wild populations from Yunnan to other regions. While comparative genomic analyses of captive wasps revealed a decrease in genetic diversity during long-term rearing, population genomic analyses revealed signatures of natural selection by several biotic (host plants) or abiotic (climate) factors, which support maintenance of the gene pool of wild populations in spite of the introduction of captive wasps. Therefore, the impact of large-scale release is reduced. Our study suggests that A. gifuensis is a good system for exploring the genetic and evolutionary effects of mass rearing and release on species commonly used as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuange Duan
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenyong Du
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zengbei Feng
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhonglong Lin
- Yunnan Tobacco Company of China National Tobacco Corporation, Kunming, 650011, China.
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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2
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Alford L, Roudine S, Valsami D, Fontaine-Guenel T, Namintraporn T, Guedon A, Normand R, Lagneau L, Le Lann C, Van Baaren J. No evidence for competition over floral resources between winter-active parasitoids and pollinators in agroecosystems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2239. [PMID: 38278827 PMCID: PMC10817971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Warming temperate winters are resulting in increased insect winter activity. With modern agroecosystems largely homogenous, characterised by low floral diversity, competitive interactions may arise between flower-visiting species, with potential implications for the ecosystem services they provide (e.g. biological control and pollination). Flower strips may be implemented during winter months to support flower-visiting insects and enhance ecosystem service provision. Employing field trials conducted in Brittany, France between 2019 and 2021 and laboratory cage experiments, the current study examined the impact of winter flower strips on aphid biological control performed by parasitoid wasps and the potential for competitive interactions between winter-active parasitoids and pollinators. Results revealed that parasitism rate was not enhanced by the presence of winter flower strips. This lack of effect was not the consequence of pollinator presence, and the current study found no effect of pollinator abundance on parasitism rate. Flower strips may thus be implemented during winter months to support nectar-feeding insects when floral resources are scarce, with no evidence of exploitative competition between pollinators and parasitoids, nor a detrimental impact on biological control provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Alford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution)]-UMR 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Sacha Roudine
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution)]-UMR 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Dimitra Valsami
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Tiphanie Fontaine-Guenel
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution)]-UMR 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Talay Namintraporn
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Anaëlle Guedon
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution)]-UMR 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Romane Normand
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution)]-UMR 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Ludovic Lagneau
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution)]-UMR 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cecile Le Lann
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution)]-UMR 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Joan Van Baaren
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution)]-UMR 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
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3
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Ramos Aguila LC, Li X, Akutse KS, Bamisile BS, Sánchez Moreano JP, Lie Z, Liu J. Host-Parasitoid Phenology, Distribution, and Biological Control under Climate Change. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2290. [PMID: 38137891 PMCID: PMC10744521 DOI: 10.3390/life13122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change raises a serious threat to global entomofauna-the foundation of many ecosystems-by threatening species preservation and the ecosystem services they provide. Already, changes in climate-warming-are causing (i) sharp phenological mismatches among host-parasitoid systems by reducing the window of host susceptibility, leading to early emergence of either the host or its associated parasitoid and affecting mismatched species' fitness and abundance; (ii) shifting arthropods' expansion range towards higher altitudes, and therefore migratory pest infestations are more likely; and (iii) reducing biological control effectiveness by natural enemies, leading to potential pest outbreaks. Here, we provided an overview of the warming consequences on biodiversity and functionality of agroecosystems, highlighting the vital role that phenology plays in ecology. Also, we discussed how phenological mismatches would affect biological control efficacy, since an accurate description of stage differentiation (metamorphosis) of a pest and its associated natural enemy is crucial in order to know the exact time of the host susceptibility/suitability or stage when the parasitoids are able to optimize their parasitization or performance. Campaigns regarding landscape structure/heterogeneity, reduction of pesticides, and modelling approaches are urgently needed in order to safeguard populations of natural enemies in a future warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | | | - Jessica Paola Sánchez Moreano
- Grupo Traslacional en Plantas, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Parroquia Muyuna km 7 vía Alto Tena, Tena 150150, Napo, Ecuador;
| | - Zhiyang Lie
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.L.)
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4
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Tomanović Ž, Kavallieratos NG, Ye Z, Nika EP, Petrović A, Vollhardt IMG, Vorburger C. Cereal Aphid Parasitoids in Europe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): Taxonomy, Biodiversity, and Ecology. INSECTS 2022; 13:1142. [PMID: 36555052 PMCID: PMC9785021 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are very common and widespread crops in Europe. Aphids are a diverse group of herbivorous pests on cereals and one of the most important limiting factors of cereal production. Here, we present an overview of knowledge about the taxonomy, biodiversity, and ecology of cereal aphid parasitoids in Europe, an important group of natural enemies contributing to cereal aphid control. We review the knowledge obtained from the integrative taxonomy of 26 cereal aphid primary parasitoid species, including two allochthonous species (Lysiphlebus testaceipes and Trioxys sunnysidensis) and two recently described species (Lipolexis labialis and Paralipsis brachycaudi). We further review 28 hyperparasitoid species belonging to three hymenopteran superfamilies and four families (Ceraphronoidea: Megaspillidae; Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae, Encyrtidae; Cynipoidea: Figitidae). We also compile knowledge on the presence of secondary endosymbionts in cereal aphids, as these are expected to influence the community composition and biocontrol efficiency of cereal aphid parasitoids. To study aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs more effectively, we present two kinds of DNA-based approach: (i) diagnostic PCR (mainly multiplex PCR), and (ii) DNA sequence-based methods. Finally, we also review the effects of landscape complexity on the different trophic levels in the food webs of cereal aphids and their associated parasitoids, as well as the impacts of agricultural practices and environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Tomanović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Zhengpei Ye
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Erifili P. Nika
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Andjeljko Petrović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ines M. G. Vollhardt
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Science, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Harvey JA, Tougeron K, Gols R, Heinen R, Abarca M, Abram PK, Basset Y, Berg M, Boggs C, Brodeur J, Cardoso P, de Boer JG, De Snoo GR, Deacon C, Dell JE, Desneux N, Dillon ME, Duffy GA, Dyer LA, Ellers J, Espíndola A, Fordyce J, Forister ML, Fukushima C, Gage MJG, García‐Robledo C, Gely C, Gobbi M, Hallmann C, Hance T, Harte J, Hochkirch A, Hof C, Hoffmann AA, Kingsolver JG, Lamarre GPA, Laurance WF, Lavandero B, Leather SR, Lehmann P, Le Lann C, López‐Uribe MM, Ma C, Ma G, Moiroux J, Monticelli L, Nice C, Ode PJ, Pincebourde S, Ripple WJ, Rowe M, Samways MJ, Sentis A, Shah AA, Stork N, Terblanche JS, Thakur MP, Thomas MB, Tylianakis JM, Van Baaren J, Van de Pol M, Van der Putten WH, Van Dyck H, Verberk WCEP, Wagner DL, Weisser WW, Wetzel WC, Woods HA, Wyckhuys KAG, Chown SL. Scientists' warning on climate change and insects. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Ecological Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kévin Tougeron
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology & Biodiversity Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- EDYSAN, UMR 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CNRS Amiens France
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Robin Heinen
- Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Freising Germany
| | - Mariana Abarca
- Department of Biological Sciences Smith College Northampton Massachusetts USA
| | - Paul K. Abram
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Agassiz Research and Development Centre Agassiz British Columbia Canada
| | - Yves Basset
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Republic of Panama
- Department of Ecology Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Matty Berg
- Department of Ecological Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Carol Boggs
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment and Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Gothic Colorado USA
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Jetske G. de Boer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Geert R. De Snoo
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Charl Deacon
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Jane E. Dell
- Geosciences and Natural Resources Department Western Carolina University Cullowhee North Carolina USA
| | | | - Michael E. Dillon
- Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Grant A. Duffy
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Marine Science University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Lee A. Dyer
- University of Nevada Reno – Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Reno Nevada USA
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Department of Ecological Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anahí Espíndola
- Department of Entomology University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
| | - James Fordyce
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee, Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Matthew L. Forister
- University of Nevada Reno – Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Reno Nevada USA
| | - Caroline Fukushima
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | | | - Claire Gely
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia
| | - Mauro Gobbi
- MUSE‐Science Museum, Research and Museum Collections Office Climate and Ecology Unit Trento Italy
| | - Caspar Hallmann
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology & Biodiversity Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - John Harte
- Energy and Resources Group University of California Berkeley California USA
| | - Axel Hochkirch
- Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier Germany
- IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee
| | - Christian Hof
- Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Freising Germany
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Joel G. Kingsolver
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Greg P. A. Lamarre
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Republic of Panama
- Department of Ecology Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - William F. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia
| | - Blas Lavandero
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico Universidad de Talca Talca Chile
| | - Simon R. Leather
- Center for Integrated Pest Management Harper Adams University Newport UK
| | - Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Zoological Institute and Museum University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Cécile Le Lann
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
| | | | - Chun‐Sen Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Gang Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | | | | | - Chris Nice
- Department of Biology Texas State University San Marcos Texas USA
| | - Paul J. Ode
- Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Sylvain Pincebourde
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS Université de Tours Tours France
| | - William J. Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Oregon USA
| | - Melissah Rowe
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Department of Animal Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Samways
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- INRAE, Aix‐Marseille University, UMR RECOVER Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | - Alisha A. Shah
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Nigel Stork
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - John S. Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Madhav P. Thakur
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Matthew B. Thomas
- York Environmental Sustainability Institute and Department of Biology University of York York UK
| | - Jason M. Tylianakis
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Joan Van Baaren
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
| | - Martijn Van de Pol
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Department of Animal Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Wim H. Van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Hans Van Dyck
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology & Biodiversity Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | | | - David L. Wagner
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Freising Germany
| | - William C. Wetzel
- Department of Entomology, Department of Integrative Biology, and Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - H. Arthur Woods
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Kris A. G. Wyckhuys
- Chrysalis Consulting Hanoi Vietnam
- China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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6
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Composition and structure of winter aphid–parasitoid food webs along a latitudinal gradient in Chile. Oecologia 2022; 200:425-440. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Tougeron K, Couthouis E, Marrec R, Barascou L, Baudry J, Boussard H, Burel F, Couty A, Doury G, Francis C, Hecq F, Le Roux V, Pétillon J, Spicher F, Hance T, van Baaren J. Multi-scale approach to biodiversity proxies of biological control service in European farmlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153569. [PMID: 35114245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agriculture has profoundly altered biodiversity and trophic relationships in agricultural landscapes, leading to the deterioration of many ecosystem services such as pollination or biological control. Information on which spatio-temporal factors are simultaneously affecting crop pests and their natural enemies is required to improve conservation biological control practices. We conducted a study in 80 winter wheat crop fields distributed in three regions of North-western Europe (Brittany, Hauts-de-France and Wallonia), along intra-regional gradients of landscape complexity. Five taxa of major crop pests (aphids and slugs) and natural enemies (spiders, carabids, and parasitoids) were sampled three times a year, for two consecutive years. We analysed the influence of regional (meteorology), landscape (structure in both the years n and n-1) and local factors (hedge or grass strip field boundaries, and distance to boundary) on the abundance and species richness of crop-dwelling organisms, as proxies of the service/disservice they provide. Firstly, there was higher biocontrol potential in areas with mild winter climatic conditions. Secondly, natural enemy communities were less diverse and had lower abundances in landscapes with high crop and wooded continuities (sum of interconnected crop or wood surfaces), contrary to slugs and aphids. Finally, field boundaries with grass strips were more favourable to spiders and carabids than boundaries formed by hedges, while the opposite was found for crop pests, with the latter being less abundant towards the centre of the fields. We also revealed temporal modulation-and sometimes reversion-of the impact of local elements on crop biodiversity. To some extent, these results cause controversy because they show that hedgerows and woodlots should not be the unique cornerstones of agro-ecological landscape design strategies. We point out that combining woody and grassy habitats to take full advantage of the features and ecosystem services they both provide (biological pest control, windbreak effect, soil stabilization) may promote sustainable agricultural ecosystems. It may be possible to both reduce pest pressure and promote natural enemies by accounting for taxa-specific antagonistic responses to multi-scale environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Tougeron
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, croix-du-Sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Eloïse Couthouis
- UMR 0980 BAGAP, INRAE, Institut Agro, ESA, 65 rue de St Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Marrec
- UMR 7058 EDYSAN "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés", CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Léna Barascou
- Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Baudry
- UMR 0980 BAGAP, INRAE, Institut Agro, ESA, 65 rue de St Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Hugues Boussard
- UMR 0980 BAGAP, INRAE, Institut Agro, ESA, 65 rue de St Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Françoise Burel
- Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Aude Couty
- UMR 7058 EDYSAN "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés", CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Géraldine Doury
- UMR 7058 EDYSAN "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés", CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Charlotte Francis
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, croix-du-Sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Florence Hecq
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, croix-du-Sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Vincent Le Roux
- UMR 7058 EDYSAN "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés", CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Julien Pétillon
- Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR 7058 EDYSAN "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés", CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Thierry Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, croix-du-Sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Joan van Baaren
- Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
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8
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Engel E, Lau D, Godoy WAC, Pasini MPB, Malaquias JB, Santos CDR, Pivato J, Pereira PRVDS. Oscillation, synchrony, and multi-factor patterns between cereal aphids and parasitoid populations in southern Brazil. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:143-150. [PMID: 34486961 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In different parts of the world, aphid populations and their natural enemies are influenced by landscapes and climate. In the Neotropical region, few long-term studies have been conducted, maintaining a gap for comprehension of the effect of meteorological variables on aphid population patterns and their parasitoids in field conditions. This study describes the general patterns of oscillation in cereal winged aphids and their parasitoids, selecting meteorological variables and evaluating their effects on these insects. Aphids exhibit two annual peaks, one in summer-fall transition and the other in winter-spring transition. For parasitoids, the highest annual peak takes place during winter and a second peak occurs in winter-spring transition. Temperature was the principal meteorological regulator of population fluctuation in winged aphids and parasitoids during the year. The favorable temperature range is not the same for aphids and parasitoids. For aphids, temperature increase resulted in population growth, with maximum positive effect at 25°C. Temperature also positively influenced parasitoid populations, but the growth was asymptotic around 20°C. Although rainfall showed no regulatory function on aphid seasonality, it influenced the final number of insects over the year. The response of aphids and parasitoids to temperature has implications for trophic compatibility and regulation of their populations. Such functions should be taken into account in predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Engel
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Entomology, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lau
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Trigo), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wesley A C Godoy
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Entomology, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio P B Pasini
- Laboratory of Entomology, University of Cruz Alta-Unicruz, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José B Malaquias
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences - IBB, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos D R Santos
- Faculty of Agronomy, Postgraduate Program in Plant Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Juliana Pivato
- Faculty of Agronomy, Postgraduate Program in Plant Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Paulo R V da S Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Florestas), Colombo, Paraná, Brazil
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9
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Ode PJ, Vyas DK, Harvey JA. Extrinsic Inter- and Intraspecific Competition in Parasitoid Wasps. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 67:305-328. [PMID: 34614367 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-071421-073524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The diverse ecology of parasitoids is shaped by extrinsic competition, i.e., exploitative or interference competition among adult females and males for hosts and mates. Adult females use an array of morphological, chemical, and behavioral mechanisms to engage in competition that may be either intra- or interspecific. Weaker competitors are often excluded or, if they persist, use alternate host habitats, host developmental stages, or host species. Competition among adult males for mates is almost exclusively intraspecific and involves visual displays, chemical signals, and even physical combat. Extrinsic competition influences community structure through its role in competitive displacement and apparent competition. Finally, anthropogenic changes such as habitat loss and fragmentation, invasive species, pollutants, and climate change result in phenological mismatches and range expansions within host-parasitoid communities with consequent changes to the strength of competitive interactions. Such changes have important ramifications not only for the success of managed agroecosystems, but also for natural ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Ode
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA;
| | - Dhaval K Vyas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Animal Ecology Section, Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Saeed MM, Tougeron K, Raza ABM, Afzal M, Aqueel A, Le Goff GJ, Renoz F, Pirotte J, Hance T. Transgenerational phenotypic plasticity of diapause induction and related fitness cost in a commercial strain of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:780-792. [PMID: 32336036 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diapause is an adaptation that insects have evolved to synchronize their life cycle with that of seasonal climatic changes and resources availability. However, cues for its induction are not always clear and, in some cases, a maternal effect may be involved. At the population level, just a part of the individuals may exhibit diapause with important consequences in terms of winter survival. Moreover, clear indicators of diapause state are difficult to identify. Diapause induction was thus investigated in the aphid parasitoid species Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) developing in the aphid Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at four crossed photothermal regimes (16 °C and 8 °C, 16:8 h L:D and 8:16 h L:D), and during 2 successive generations. We analyzed the reliability of changes in mummy color to assess for the diapausing state compared to dissections, and we measured parasitoid morphological and physiological traits. We observed that the proportion of dark brown mummies increased after one generation under low photothermal regime compared to other regimes. No diapause was recorded at 16 °C, 16:8 h L:D, while we observed 16.2% and 67.5% diapause incidence at 8 °C, 8:16 h L:D, at 1st and 2nd generation, respectively. Diapause induction is thus increased by short day-length conditions and low temperatures as well as by maternal effects. All parasitoid life-history traits (weight, size, fat content, water content, egg-load, and longevity) were affected by the photothermal regime and/or the generation. These results raise new questions on the environmental thresholds needed to induce diapause and on survival and adaptation potential of commercially available parasitoid strains in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubashir Saeed
- Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Kévin Tougeron
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza
- Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Aqueel
- Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Guillaume Jean Le Goff
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - François Renoz
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Pirotte
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Thierry Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
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11
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Rutschmann A, Dupoué A, Miles DB, Megía-Palma R, Lauden C, Richard M, Badiane A, Rozen-Rechels D, Brevet M, Blaimont P, Meylan S, Clobert J, Le Galliard JF. Intense nocturnal warming alters growth strategies, colouration and parasite load in a diurnal lizard. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1864-1877. [PMID: 33884616 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, nocturnal temperatures have been playing a disproportionate role in the global warming of the planet. Yet, they remain a neglected factor in studies assessing the impact of global warming on natural populations. Here, we question whether an intense augmentation of nocturnal temperatures is beneficial or deleterious to ectotherms. Physiological performance is influenced by thermal conditions in ectotherms and an increase in temperature by only 2°C is sufficient to induce a disproportionate increase in metabolic expenditure. Warmer nights may expand ectotherms' species thermal niche and open new opportunities for prolonged activities and improve foraging efficiency. However, increased activity may also have deleterious effects on energy balance if exposure to warmer nights reduces resting periods and elevates resting metabolic rate. We assessed whether warmer nights affected an individual's growth, dorsal skin colouration, thermoregulation behaviour, oxidative stress status and parasite load by exposing yearling common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) from four populations to either ambient or high nocturnal temperatures for approximately 5 weeks. Warmer nocturnal temperatures increased the prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation and altered allocation of resources towards structural growth rather than storage. We found no change in markers for oxidative stress. The thermal treatment did not influence thermal preferences, but influenced dorsal skin brightness and luminance, in line with a predicted acclimation response in colder environments to enhance heat gain from solar radiation. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of considering nocturnal warming as an independent factor affecting ectotherms' life history in the context of global climate change. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Rutschmann
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andréaz Dupoué
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Donald B Miles
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Rodrigo Megía-Palma
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Clémence Lauden
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | - Murielle Richard
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | - Arnaud Badiane
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Rozen-Rechels
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Mathieu Brevet
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | | | - Sandrine Meylan
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean Clobert
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche en Écologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France), Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
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12
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Le Lann C, van Baaren J, Visser B. Dealing with predictable and unpredictable temperatures in a climate change context: the case of parasitoids and their hosts. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb238626. [PMID: 33627468 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Earth's climate is changing at a rapid pace. To survive in increasingly fluctuating and unpredictable environments, species can either migrate or evolve through rapid local adaptation, plasticity and/or bet-hedging. For small ectotherm insects, like parasitoids and their hosts, phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging could be critical strategies for population and species persistence in response to immediate, intense and unpredictable temperature changes. Here, we focus on studies evaluating phenotypic responses to variable predictable thermal conditions (for which phenotypic plasticity is favoured) and unpredictable thermal environments (for which bet-hedging is favoured), both within and between host and parasitoid generations. We then address the effects of fluctuating temperatures on host-parasitoid interactions, potential cascading effects on the food web, as well as biological control services. We conclude our review by proposing a road map for designing experiments to assess if plasticity and bet-hedging can be adaptive strategies, and to disentangle how fluctuating temperatures can affect the evolution of these two strategies in parasitoids and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Le Lann
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Joan van Baaren
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Bertanne Visser
- Evolution and Ecophysiology Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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13
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Alford L, Louâpre P, Mougel F, van Baaren J. Measuring the evolutionary potential of a winter-active parasitic wasp to climate change. Oecologia 2020; 194:41-50. [PMID: 32960336 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In temperate climates, as a consequence of warming winters, an increasing number of ectothermic species are remaining active throughout winter months instead of diapausing, rendering them increasingly vulnerable to unpredictable cold events. One species displaying a shift in overwintering strategy is the parasitoid wasp and biological control agent Aphidius avenae. The current study aimed to better understand the consequence of a changing overwintering strategy on the evolutionary potential of an insect population to adapt to the cold stress events, set to increase in frequency, even during milder winters. Using a parental half-sibling breeding design, narrow-sense heritability of the cold tolerance, morphology and longevity of A. avenae was estimated. The heritability of cold tolerance was estimated at 0.07 (CI95% = [0.00; 0.25]) for the Critical Thermal Minima (CTmin) and 0.11 (CI95% = [0.00; 0.34]) for chill coma temperature; estimates much lower than those obtained for morphological traits (tibia length 0.20 (CI95% = [0.03; 0.37]); head width 0.23 (CI95% = [0.09; 0.39]); wing surface area 0.28 (CI95% = [0.11; 0.47])), although comparable with the heritability estimate of 0.12 obtained for longevity (CI95% = [0.00; 0.25]). The heritability estimates obtained thus suggest that A. avenae possesses low adaptive potential against cold stress. If such estimates are indicative of the evolutionary potential of A. avenae cold tolerance, more emphasis may be placed on adaptive phenotypic plasticity at the individual level to persist in a changing climate, with potential implications for the biological control function they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Alford
- UMR 6553, ECOBIO, Université de Rennes I, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Louâpre
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Florence Mougel
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génome, Comportement et Ecologie (UMR CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud-IRD, Univ. Paris-Saclay), 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Joan van Baaren
- UMR 6553, ECOBIO, Université de Rennes I, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
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14
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Senior VL, Evans LC, Leather SR, Oliver TH, Evans KL. Phenological responses in a sycamore-aphid-parasitoid system and consequences for aphid population dynamics: A 20 year case study. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2814-2828. [PMID: 31985111 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Species interactions have a spatiotemporal component driven by environmental cues, which if altered by climate change can drive shifts in community dynamics. There is insufficient understanding of the precise time windows during which inter-annual variation in weather drives phenological shifts and the consequences for mismatches between interacting species and resultant population dynamics-particularly for insects. We use a 20 year study on a tri-trophic system: sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, two associated aphid species Drepanosiphum platanoidis and Periphyllus testudinaceus and their hymenopteran parasitoids. Using a sliding window approach, we assess climatic drivers of phenology in all three trophic levels. We quantify the magnitude of resultant trophic mismatches between aphids and their plant hosts and parasitoids, and then model the impacts of these mismatches, direct weather effects and density dependence on local-scale aphid population dynamics. Warmer temperatures in mid-March to late-April were associated with advanced sycamore budburst, parasitoid attack and (marginally) D. platanoidis emergence. The precise time window during which spring weather advances phenology varies considerably across each species. Crucially, warmer temperatures in late winter delayed the emergence of both aphid species. Seasonal variation in warming rates thus generates marked shifts in the relative timing of spring events across trophic levels and mismatches in the phenology of interacting species. Despite this, we found no evidence that aphid population growth rates were adversely impacted by the magnitude of mismatch with their host plants or parasitoids, or direct impacts of temperature and precipitation. Strong density dependence effects occurred in both aphid species and probably buffered populations, through density-dependent compensation, from adverse impacts of the marked inter-annual climatic variation that occurred during the study period. These findings explain the resilience of aphid populations to climate change and uncover a key mechanism, warmer winter temperatures delaying insect phenology, by which climate change drives asynchronous shifts between interacting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Senior
- Animal and Plant Sciences Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke C Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Simon R Leather
- Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Tom H Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Karl L Evans
- Animal and Plant Sciences Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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15
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Tougeron K, Hraoui G, Le Lann C, van Baaren J, Brodeur J. Intraspecific maternal competition induces summer diapause in insect parasitoids. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:1080-1088. [PMID: 28618174 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organisms often live in unpredictable environments and have to adopt life history strategies that optimize their fitness under these conditions. According to bet-hedging theory, individuals can reduce variation in fitness outcomes by investing in different strategies at the same time. For arthropods, facultative summer diapause enables survival during dry and hot periods of the year, and can be triggered by a decrease in resource abundance. However, the effect of resource depletion on diapause induction has never been disentangled from the effect of the perception of the presence of competitors. Using two solitary parasitoid species of cereal aphids as a model system, Aphidius avenae (Haliday) and Aphidius rhopalosiphi (De Stefani-Perez) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), we tested whether (i) low absolute host density and/or (ii) high levels of parasitoid females' competition lead to maternal-induced summer diapause in parasitoid offspring. Under summer-like climatic conditions, emerging parasitoid females were (i) reared alone and exposed to different host densities (from 5 to 130 aphids), or (ii) reared together with competing females (from 2 to 20 females) and then exposed individually to 50 aphids. For both parasitoid species, low aphid densities did not induce summer diapause. However, the incidence of summer diapause increased up to a maximum of 11% with increasing levels of competition experienced by female parasitoids. More than 60% of the females produced both diapausing and nondiapausing offspring after being kept at the two highest competition densities. Such a "spreading-the-risk" strategy has likely evolved to optimize parasitoid fitness by preventing the following generation from exposure to low populations of suitable hosts and high mortality from superparasitism. These results provide the first experimental evidence of direct maternal competition-induced diapause in insects, and may change the way we apprehend the evolution of arthropod seasonal ecology, by considering intraspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Tougeron
- UMR-CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Université Bretagne Loire, Cité Internationale, Rennes, France
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - George Hraoui
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Cécile Le Lann
- UMR-CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Université Bretagne Loire, Cité Internationale, Rennes, France
| | - Joan van Baaren
- UMR-CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Université Bretagne Loire, Cité Internationale, Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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16
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Tougeron K, Damien M, Le Lann C, Brodeur J, van Baaren J. Rapid Responses of Winter Aphid-Parasitoid Communities to Climate Warming. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Tougeron K, van Baaren J, Llopis S, Ridel A, Doyon J, Brodeur J, Le Lann C. Disentangling plasticity from local adaptation in diapause expression in parasitoid wasps from contrasting thermal environments: a reciprocal translocation experiment. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Tougeron
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joan van Baaren
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Llopis
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélien Ridel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Josée Doyon
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Le Lann
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
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18
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Outreman Y, Andrade TO, Louâpre P, Krespi L, Violle C, Baaren J. Multi‐scale and antagonist selection on life‐history traits in parasitoids: A community ecology perspective. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Outreman
- IGEPPAgrocampus OuestINRAUniversité de Rennes 1Université Bretagne‐Loire Rennes France
| | - Thiago Oliveira Andrade
- IGEPPAgrocampus OuestINRAUniversité de Rennes 1Université Bretagne‐Loire Rennes France
- ECOBIOCNRSUniversité de Rennes 1Université Bretagne‐Loire Rennes France
| | - Philippe Louâpre
- UMR CNRS 6282 BIOGEOSCIENCESUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Liliane Krespi
- IGEPPAgrocampus OuestINRAUniversité de Rennes 1Université Bretagne‐Loire Rennes France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFEUMR 5175CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier – EPHE – 1919 route de Mende Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Joan Baaren
- ECOBIOCNRSUniversité de Rennes 1Université Bretagne‐Loire Rennes France
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Alford L, Kishani Farahani H, Pierre JS, Burel F, van Baaren J. Why is there no impact of the host species on the cold tolerance of a generalist parasitoid? JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 103:71-77. [PMID: 29038015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For generalist parasitoids such as those belonging to the Genus Aphidius, the choice of host species can have profound implications for the emerging parasitoid. Host species is known to affect a variety of life history traits. However, the impact of the host on thermal tolerance has never been studied. Physiological thermal tolerance, enabling survival at unfavourable temperatures, is not a fixed trait and may be influenced by a number of external factors including characteristics of the stress, of the individual exposed to the stress, and of the biological and physical environment. As such, the choice of host species is likely to also have implications for the thermal tolerance of the emerging parasitoid. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of cereal aphid host species (Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi and Metopolophium dirhodum) on adult thermal tolerance, in addition to sex and size, of the aphid parasitoids Aphidius avenae, Aphidius matricariae and Aphidius rhopalosiphi. Results revealed no effect of host species on the cold tolerance of the emerging parasitoid, as determined by CTmin and Chill Coma, for all parasitoid species. Host species significantly affected the size of the emerging parasitoid for A. rhopalosiphi only, with individuals emerging from R. padi being significantly larger than those emerging from S. avenae, although this did not correspond to a difference in thermal tolerance. Furthermore, a significant difference in the size of male and female parasitoids was observed for A. avenae and A. matricariae, although, once again this did not correspond to a difference in cold tolerance. It is suggested that potential behavioural thermoregulation via host manipulation may act to influence the thermal environment experienced by the wasp and thus wasp thermal tolerance and, in doing so, may negate physiological thermal tolerance or any impact of the aphid host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Alford
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes I, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Davidson Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | | | - Jean-Sébastien Pierre
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes I, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Burel
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes I, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Joan van Baaren
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes I, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Tougeron K, Le Lann C, Brodeur J, van Baaren J. Are aphid parasitoids from mild winter climates losing their winter diapause? Oecologia 2016; 183:619-629. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aphid-stimulated transcriptional reconfigurations of chlorophyllase-2 gene in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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