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Moreira-Muñoz A, Monge M, Grossi MA, Ávila FA, Morales-Fierro V, Heiden G, Britto B, Beck S, Nakajima JN, Salgado VG, Rodríguez-Cravero JF, Gutiérrez DG. South America holds the greatest diversity of native daisies (Asteraceae) in the world: an updated catalogue supporting continental-scale conservation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393241. [PMID: 38872876 PMCID: PMC11169850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Asteraceae is the world's richest plant family and is found on all continents, in environments ranging from the coast to the highest mountains. The family shows all growth forms and, as in other angiosperm families, species richness is concentrated in tropical regions. South America has the highest diversity of Asteraceae in the world, yet taxonomic and distributional knowledge gaps remain. This study compiles an updated catalog of Asteraceae native to South America, based on national and regional checklists and ongoing large-scale flora projects. The resulting checklist includes a total of 6,940 species and 564 genera native to South America to date, which represent about a quarter of the family's global diversity. Countries already considered to be megadiverse show the greatest diversity, such as Brazil with 2,095 species, followed by Peru (1,588), Argentina (1,377), and Colombia (1,244), with this diversity mainly focused on the Brazilian Highlands and the Andes. Species endemism also peaks in Brazil, but Sørensen distances reveal the Chilean flora to be eminently different from the rest of the continent. Tribes better represented in the continent are Eupatorieae, Senecioneae and Astereae, also with a remarkably presence of entirely South American subfamilies representing earliest diverging lineages of the Asteraceae, such as Barnadesioideae, Wunderlichioideae, Famatinanthoideae, and Stifftioideae. It is estimated that the discovery and description curves have not yet stabilized, and the number of species is likely to increase by 5 to 10% in the coming years, posing major challenges to continental-scale conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Moreira-Muñoz
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marcelo Monge
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana A. Grossi
- División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Morfología Comparada de Espermatófitas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fabio Andrés Ávila
- New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY, United States
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vanezza Morales-Fierro
- Herbario EIF & Laboratorio de Evolución y Sistemática, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Berni Britto
- Máster Conservación y Gestión del Medio Natural, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Stephan Beck
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Jimi N. Nakajima
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Vanina G. Salgado
- División Plantas Vasculares, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Facundo Rodríguez-Cravero
- División Plantas Vasculares, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego G. Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Morfología Comparada de Espermatófitas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- División Plantas Vasculares, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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