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Lehmanski LMA, Kandasamy D, Andersson MN, Netherer S, Alves EG, Huang J, Hartmann H. Addressing a century-old hypothesis - do pioneer beetles of Ips typographus use volatile cues to find suitable host trees? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1762-1770. [PMID: 36880374 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and more frequent climate extremes have caused bark beetle outbreaks of unprecedented scale of these insects in many conifer forests world-wide. Conifers that have been weakened by drought and heat or damaged by storms are highly susceptible to bark beetle infestation. A large proportion of trees with impaired defences provides good conditions for beetle population build-up of beetles, but mechanisms driving host search of pioneer beetles are still uncertain in several species, including the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Despite a two-century-long history of bark beetle research, we still lack a sufficient understanding of interactions between I. typographus and its host Norway spruce (Picea abies) to forecast future disturbance regimes and forest dynamics. Depending on the scale (habitat or patch) and beetle population state (endemic or epidemic), host selection is likely driven by a combination of pre and postlanding cues, including visual selection or olfactory detection (kairomones). Here, we discuss primary attraction mechanisms and how volatile emission profiles of Norway spruce may provide cues on tree vitality and suitability for attacks by I. typographus, in particular during the endemic phase. We identify several crucial knowledge gaps and provide a research agenda addressing the experimental challenges of such investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M A Lehmanski
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Dineshkumar Kandasamy
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
- Max Planck Center for Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology (nGICE), Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Martin N Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
- Max Planck Center for Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology (nGICE), Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Netherer
- Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Eliane Gomes Alves
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Jianbei Huang
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Institute for Forest Protection, Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, 06484, Germany
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Lantschner MV, Corley JC. Spatiotemporal outbreak dynamics of bark and wood-boring insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 55:101003. [PMID: 36596399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bark and wood-boring insects (BWI) can cause important disturbances in forest ecosystems, and their impact depends on their spatiotemporal dynamics. Populations are usually at stable, low densities but can be disrupted by stochastic perturbations that trigger a transition to an epidemic phase. For less aggressive species, outbreaks die out quickly once the perturbation is removed, while aggressive species exhibit density-dependent feedback mechanisms facilitating persistent landscape-scale outbreaks. The interactions of attributes of tree, stand, landscape- and regional-scale stressors, and insect life history and behavior determine system-specific dynamics. However, most of our knowledge is based on a few species of mainly Holarctic bark beetles. With global change, it is becoming increasingly important to improve our understanding of the frequency and severity of BWI outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Lantschner
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), INTA - CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Juan C Corley
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), INTA - CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina; Departamento de Ecología, CRUB Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
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