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Aguilar-Torrejón JA, Balderas-Hernández P, Roa-Morales G, Barrera-Díaz CE, Rodríguez-Torres I, Torres-Blancas T. Relationship, importance, and development of analytical techniques: COD, BOD, and, TOC in water—An overview through time. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAnalytical techniques to measure organic matter in water, such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) are widely used. Modifications have been proposed to make them faster, more sensitive, and more environmentally friendly. The purpose of producing a review over some time is to show the changes made on the standardized methods of each of these techniques, and to highlight the relationship between them in the process of ascertaining organic matter in water. Modifications to techniques COD and BOD entail several factors that need to be considered, namely: time, miniaturization, sensitivity, use of environmentally friendly reagents. Changes to TOC are focused on detection systems. Despite the advantages obtained by the modified techniques, traditional methods continue to be widely used, in most cases due to the lack of standardization of the new methods.
Graphic Abstract
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Kumar GS, Rather GM, Gurramkonda C, Reddy BR. Thermostable α-amylase immobilization: Enhanced stability and performance for starch biocatalysis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:57-66. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulam Mohmad Rather
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi India
| | - Chandrasekhar Gurramkonda
- Department of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental; Engineering; Technology Research Centre; Centre for Advanced Sensor Technology; University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC); Baltimore MD USA
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Jouanneau S, Recoules L, Durand MJ, Boukabache A, Picot V, Primault Y, Lakel A, Sengelin M, Barillon B, Thouand G. Methods for assessing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): a review. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 49:62-82. [PMID: 24316182 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is one of the most widely used criteria for water quality assessment. It provides information about the ready biodegradable fraction of the organic load in water. However, this analytical method is time-consuming (generally 5 days, BOD5), and the results may vary according to the laboratory (20%), primarily due to fluctuations in the microbial diversity of the inoculum used. Work performed during the two last decades has resulted in several technologies that are less time-consuming and more reliable. This review is devoted to the analysis of the technical features of the principal methods described in the literature in order to compare their performances (measuring window, reliability, robustness) and to identify the pros and the cons of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jouanneau
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA CBAC, Campus de la Courtaisière, IUT, 18 Bd G. Defferre, 85035 La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - L Recoules
- LAAS-CNRS, 7, Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse cedex 4, France; BIONEF, 73 rue de la Plaine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - M J Durand
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA CBAC, Campus de la Courtaisière, IUT, 18 Bd G. Defferre, 85035 La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - A Boukabache
- LAAS-CNRS, 7, Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - V Picot
- LAAS-CNRS, 7, Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, 31031 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Y Primault
- BIONEF, 73 rue de la Plaine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - A Lakel
- CSTB, 11 rue Henri Picherit, BP 82341, 44323 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - M Sengelin
- Sotralentz, 3 rue de Bettwiller, BP 10028, 67320 Drulingen, France
| | - B Barillon
- SUEZ Environment, 38, Rue du Président Wilson, 78230 LE PECQ, France
| | - G Thouand
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA CBAC, Campus de la Courtaisière, IUT, 18 Bd G. Defferre, 85035 La Roche sur Yon, France.
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Development and characterization of microbial biosensors for evaluating low biochemical oxygen demand in rivers. Talanta 2013; 117:366-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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