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Dos Santos TAX, Fernandes LMG, Carvalho PPX, Júnior VSM, Fonseca SA, Chaves AS, Duarte ER. Performance and microbiota of the digestive tract of Nellore calves supplemented with fungi isolated from bovine rumen. Vet World 2021; 14:2686-2693. [PMID: 34903926 PMCID: PMC8654770 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2686-2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim In tropical semiarid regions, supplementation with fungi could contribute to rumen modulation, promoting greater production of fibrolytic enzymes and degradation of forage. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of supplementation with fungi, isolated from the bovine rumen, on the performance and microbiota of the digestive tract of Nellore calves. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks evaluating eight Nellore calves that were daily supplemented with isolates of Aspergillus terreus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, along with eight calves that were not supplemented. After 55 days, the animals were weighed, and samples of rumen fluid and feces were collected for analysis. The characteristics that showed normal distribution were subjected to analysis of variance and compared using Tukey's test. Whereas, the variables that did not show normal distribution were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the frequencies of the bacterial and fungal genera were compared using the Chi-square test. Results Supplementation with fungi promoted the reduction in ruminal pH (p<0.05). However, the final live weight; average daily weight gain; total weight gain; rumen protozoa; and the count of Enterobacteriaceae, mycelial fungi, and yeasts of ruminal fluid and feces were not influenced by supplementation (p>0.05). Moreover, the protozoa Eodinium spp. was identified only in supplemented calves (p<0.05). Conclusion Supplementation with the fungi presented the potential for use as possible additives because it did not alter the physiological parameters of the facultative anaerobic microbiota composition in the rumen and feces. In addition, it favored the presence of the ciliate genus Eodinium. However, further studies should be performed to better define suitable dosages for supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Paulo Xavier Carvalho
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Montes Claros - MG, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Valdo Soares Martins Júnior
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Montes Claros - MG, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Suze Adriane Fonseca
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Montes Claros - MG, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Amalia Saturnino Chaves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora - MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Robson Duarte
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Montes Claros - MG, 39404-547, Brazil
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Effect of Cellulase Enzyme Produced from Penicilliumchrysogenum on the Milk Production, Composition, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Profiles of Egyptian Buffaloes Fed a High-Forage Diet. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113066. [PMID: 34827797 PMCID: PMC8614441 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes can improve nutrient digestibility of feeds high in fibrous content offered to Egyptian lactating buffaloes. The proposed cellulase exclusively produced in-farm using Penicillium Chrysogenum showed higher activity in previous in vitro studies. That is why it was chosen to get tested against a well-known commercial source of cellulase enzyme from the Egyptian markets for its efficiency in increasing milk productivity and composition. Profiles of amino acids and fatty acids were also recorded. The initial results highlighted a superiority of the produced enzyme (FENZ) against the commercial source (CENZ). It was also clear that FENZ can preserve higher proportions of fatty acids in the milk, primarily conjugated linoleic acid. Based on the idea rationale, our conclusion is to promote setting a small cellulase production unit in each farm in Egypt to decrease the cost of feeding by using agricultural and agro-industrial waste during the cellulase production and feeding process. Abstract The experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing a cellulase enzymes cocktail to lactating buffaloes’ diet, on the nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk production performance and composition. Twenty-four lactating Egyptian buffaloes were assigned into one of the following treatments: CON—control consisted of a total mixed ration, CENZ—the total mixed ration supplemented by a commercial source of cellulase enzyme, FENZ—the total mixed ration supplemented with cellulase enzyme cocktail produced in-farm. Supplementing the diet with the in-farm source of cellulase (FENZ) had a significantly higher impact on crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber digestibility. However, FENZ tended to increase the EE digestibility compared to CENZ. FENZ showed significantly higher nutrient digestibility percentages compared to other groups. Supplementing the diet with cellulase enzymes (CON vs. ENZ) significantly increased the daily milk yield and the fat correct milk yield; both yields were significantly higher with FENZ than all groups. Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid concentration were significantly higher with cellulase enzymes supplementation (CON vs. ENZ) and the conjugated linoleic acid concentration. Supplementing fungal cellulase enzyme produced on a farm-scale has improved milk productivity, fat yield, and milk fat unsaturated fatty acids profile in lactating buffaloes.
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Dar FM, Dar PM. Fungal Xylanases for Different Industrial Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Verma P. A detailed overview of xylanases: an emerging biomolecule for current and future prospective. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Xylan is the second most abundant naturally occurring renewable polysaccharide available on earth. It is a complex heteropolysaccharide consisting of different monosaccharides such as l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-mannoses and organic acids such as acetic acid, ferulic acid, glucuronic acid interwoven together with help of glycosidic and ester bonds. The breakdown of xylan is restricted due to its heterogeneous nature and it can be overcome by xylanases which are capable of cleaving the heterogeneous β-1,4-glycoside linkage. Xylanases are abundantly present in nature (e.g., molluscs, insects and microorganisms) and several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae are used extensively for its production. Microbial xylanases show varying substrate specificities and biochemical properties which makes it suitable for various applications in industrial and biotechnological sectors. The suitability of xylanases for its application in food and feed, paper and pulp, textile, pharmaceuticals, and lignocellulosic biorefinery has led to an increase in demand of xylanases globally. The present review gives an insight of using microbial xylanases as an “Emerging Green Tool” along with its current status and future prospective.
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Javed U, Ansari A, Aman A, Ul Qader SA. Fermentation and saccharification of agro-industrial wastes: A cost-effective approach for dual use of plant biomass wastes for xylose production. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Diversity and Biotechnological Potential of Xylan-Degrading Microorganisms from Orange Juice Processing Waste. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The orange juice processing sector produces worldwide massive amounts of waste, which is characterized by high lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose content, and which exceeds 40% of the fruit’s dry weight (d.w.). In this work, the diversity and the biotechnological potential of xylan-degrading microbiota in orange juice processing waste were investigated through the implementation of an enrichment isolation strategy followed by enzyme assays for the determination of xylanolytic activities, and via next generation sequencing for microbial diversity identification. Intracellular rather than extracellular endo-1,4-β-xylanase activities were detected, indicating that peripheral cell-bound (surface) xylanases are involved in xylan hydrolysis by the examined microbial strains. Among the isolated microbial strains, bacterial isolates belonging to Pseudomonas psychrotolerans/P. oryzihabitans spectrum (99.9%/99.8% similarity, respectively) exhibited activities of 280 U/mg protein. In contrast, almost all microbial strains isolated exerted low extracellular 1,4-β-xylosidase activities (<5 U/mg protein), whereas no intracellular 1,4-β-xylosidase activities were detected for any of them. Illumina data showed the dominance of lactic and acetic acid bacteria and of the yeasts Hanseniaspora and Zygosaccharomyces. This is the first report on indigenous xylanolytic microbiota isolated from orange juice processing waste, possessing the biotechnological potential to serve as biocatalysts for citrus biomass valorization through the production of high-added value products and energy recovery.
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Regulation of Aspergillus nidulans CreA-Mediated Catabolite Repression by the F-Box Proteins Fbx23 and Fbx47. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.00840-18. [PMID: 29921666 PMCID: PMC6016232 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00840-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The attachment of one or more ubiquitin molecules by SCF (Skp-Cullin-F-box) complexes to protein substrates targets them for subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome, allowing the control of numerous cellular processes. Glucose-mediated signaling and subsequent carbon catabolite repression (CCR) are processes relying on the functional regulation of target proteins, ultimately controlling the utilization of this carbon source. In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, CCR is mediated by the transcription factor CreA, which modulates the expression of genes encoding biotechnologically relevant enzymes. Although CreA-mediated repression of target genes has been extensively studied, less is known about the regulatory pathways governing CCR and this work aimed at further unravelling these events. The Fbx23 F-box protein was identified as being involved in CCR and the Δfbx23 mutant presented impaired xylanase production under repressing (glucose) and derepressing (xylan) conditions. Mass spectrometry showed that Fbx23 is part of an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that is bridged via the GskA protein kinase to the CreA-SsnF-RcoA repressor complex, resulting in the degradation of the latter under derepressing conditions. Upon the addition of glucose, CreA dissociates from the ubiquitin ligase complex and is transported into the nucleus. Furthermore, casein kinase is important for CreA function during glucose signaling, although the exact role of phosphorylation in CCR remains to be determined. In summary, this study unraveled novel mechanistic details underlying CreA-mediated CCR and provided a solid basis for studying additional factors involved in carbon source utilization which could prove useful for biotechnological applications.IMPORTANCE The production of biofuels from plant biomass has gained interest in recent years as an environmentally friendly alternative to production from petroleum-based energy sources. Filamentous fungi, which naturally thrive on decaying plant matter, are of particular interest for this process due to their ability to secrete enzymes required for the deconstruction of lignocellulosic material. A major drawback in fungal hydrolytic enzyme production is the repression of the corresponding genes in the presence of glucose, a process known as carbon catabolite repression (CCR). This report provides previously unknown mechanistic insights into CCR through elucidating part of the protein-protein interaction regulatory system that governs the CreA transcriptional regulator in the reference organism Aspergillus nidulans in the presence of glucose and the biotechnologically relevant plant polysaccharide xylan.
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Notable fibrolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus spp. isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of beef cattle fed in lignified pastures. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183628. [PMID: 28850605 PMCID: PMC5574564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi have the ability to degrade vegetal cell wall carbohydrates, and their presence in the digestive tract of ruminants can minimize the effects of lignified forage on ruminal fermentation. Here, we evaluated enzyme production by Aspergillus spp. isolates from the digestive tracts of cattle grazed in tropical pastures during the dry season. Filamentous fungi were isolated from rumen and feces by culture in cellulose-based medium. Ninety fungal strains were isolated and identified by rDNA sequence analysis, microculture, or both. Aspergillus terreus was the most frequently isolated species, followed by Aspergillus fumigatus. The isolates were characterized with respect to their cellulolytic, xylanolytic, and lignolytic activity through qualitative evaluation in culture medium containing a specific corresponding carbon source. Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity was quantified by the reducing sugar method. In the avicel and xilan degradation test, the enzyme activity (EA) at 48 h was significantly higher other periods (P < 0.05). Intra- and inter-specific differences in EA were verified, and high levels of phenoloxidases, which are crucial for lignin degradation, were observed in 28.9% of the isolates. Aspergillus terreus showed significantly higher EA for avicelase (3.96 ±1.77) and xylanase (3.13 ±.091) than the other Aspergillus species at 48 h of incubation. Isolates AT13 and AF69 showed the highest CMCase specific activity (54.84 and 33.03 U mg-1 protein, respectively). Selected Aspergillus spp. isolates produced remarkable levels of enzymes involved in vegetal cell wall degradation, suggesting their potential as antimicrobial additives or probiotics in ruminant diets.
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Sharma D, Goel G, Bansal S, Mahajan R, Sharma BM, Chauhan RS. Retraction: Characterization of cellulolytic activities of newly isolated Thelephora sowerbyi from North-Western Himalayas on different lignocellulosic substrates. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1403. [PMID: 26059280 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of cellulolytic activities of newly isolated Thelephora sowerbyi from North-Western Himalayas on different lignocellulosic substrate J. Basic Microbiol. 2015, 55, 1-11 - DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500107 The above article from the Journal of Basic Microbiology, published online on 08 June 2015 in Wiley Online Library as Early View (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jobm.201500107/pdf), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Editor-in-Chief and Wiley-VCH GmbH & Co. KGaA. The retraction has been agreed because the microorganism studied in the described experiments has been identified as the fungus Cotylidia pannosa (Gene Accession No. KT008117) instead of Thelephora sowerbyi. The culture has been identified on the basis of the sequence of the amplified ITS region of the microorganism which was submitted by the authors to the NCBI database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gunjan Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rishi Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - B M Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajinder Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Imran M, Anwar Z, Irshad M, Asad MJ, Ashfaq H. Cellulase Production from Species of Fungi and Bacteria from Agricultural Wastes and Its Utilization in Industry: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/aer.2016.42005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Patricia ODS, Nelciele CDAG, Simone DCPN, Jorge HB, Clarice RM, Fabiana FZ, Maria DLTDMP, Maria RM, Giovana CG. Production of cellulase-free xylanase by Aspergillus flavus: Effect of polyols on the thermostability and its application on cellulose pulp biobleaching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Salgado JM, Abrunhosa L, Venâncio A, Domínguez JM, Belo I. Enhancing the Bioconversion of Winery and Olive Mill Waste Mixtures into Lignocellulolytic Enzymes and Animal Feed by Aspergillus uvarum Using a Packed-Bed Bioreactor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9306-9314. [PMID: 26165254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wineries and olive oil industries are dominant agro-industrial activities in southern European regions. Olive pomace, exhausted grape marc, and vine shoot trimmings are lignocellulosic residues generated by these industries, which could be valued biotechnologically. In the present work these residues were used as substrate to produce cellulases and xylanases through solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus uvarum MUM 08.01. For that, two factorial designs (3(2)) were first planned to optimize substrate composition, temperature, and initial moisture level. Subsequently, the kinectics of cellulolytic enzyme production, fungal growth, and fermented solid were characterized. Finally, the process was performed in a packed-bed bioreactor. The results showed that cellulase activity improved with the optimization processes, reaching 33.56 U/g, and with the packed-bed bioreactor aeration of 0.2 L/min, reaching 38.51 U/g. The composition of fermented solids indicated their potential use for animal feed because cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and phenolic compounds were partially degraded 28.08, 10.78, 13.3, and 28.32%, respectively, crude protein was increased from 8.47 to 17.08%, and the mineral contents meet the requirements of main livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Salgado
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís Abrunhosa
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Armando Venâncio
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sciences Faculty, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Isabel Belo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Cellulolytic Enzymes Production by Utilizing Agricultural Wastes Under Solid State Fermentation and its Application for Biohydrogen Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2801-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lipolytic potential of Aspergillus japonicus LAB01: production, partial purification, and characterisation of an extracellular lipase. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:108913. [PMID: 25530954 PMCID: PMC4230215 DOI: 10.1155/2014/108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipolytic potential of Aspergillus japonicus LAB01 was investigated by describing the catalytic properties and stability of a secreted extracellular lipase. Enzyme production was considered high under room temperature after 4 days using sunflower oil and a combination of casein with sodium nitrate. Lipase was partially purified by 3.9-fold, resulting in a 44.2% yield using ammonium sulphate precipitation (60%) quantified with Superose 12 HR gel filtration chromatography. The activity of the enzyme was maximised at pH 8.5, and the enzyme demonstrated stability under alkaline conditions. The optimum temperature was found to be 45°C, and the enzyme was stable for up to 100 minutes, with more than 80% of initial activity remaining after incubation at this temperature. Partially purified enzyme showed reasonable stability with triton X-100 and was activated in the presence of organic solvents (toluene, hexane, and methanol). Among the tested ions, only Cu2+, Ni2+, and Al3+ showed inhibitory effects. Substrate specificity of the lipase was higher for C14 among various p-nitrophenyl esters assayed. The KM and Vmax values of the purified enzyme for p-nitrophenyl palmitate were 0.13 mM and 12.58 umol/(L·min), respectively. These features render a novel biocatalyst for industrial applications.
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de Alencar Guimaraes NC, Sorgatto M, Peixoto-Nogueira SDC, Betini JHA, Zanoelo FF, Marques MR, de Moraes Polizeli MDLT, Giannesi GC. Bioprocess and biotecnology: effect of xylanase from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus on pulp biobleaching and enzyme production using agroindustrial residues as substract. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:380. [PMID: 24010038 PMCID: PMC3755788 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study compares two xylanases produced by filamentous fungi such as A. niger and A. flavus using agroindustrial residues as substract and evaluated the effect of these enzymes on cellulose pulp biobleaching process. Wheat bran was the best carbon source for xylanase production by A. niger and A. flavus. The production of xylanase was 18 and 21% higher on wheat bran when we compare the xylanase production with xylan. At 50°C, the xylanase of A. niger retained over 85% activity with 2 h of incubation, and A. flavus had a half-life of more than 75 minutes. At 55°C, the xylanase produced by A. niger showed more stable than from A. flavus showing a half-life of more than 45 minutes. The xylanase activity of A. niger and A. flavus were somehow protected in the presence of glycerol 5% when compared to the control (without additives). On the biobleaching assay it was observed that the xylanase from A. flavus was more effective in comparison to A. niger. The kappa efficiency corresponded to 36.32 and 25.93, respectively. That is important to emphasize that the cellulase activity was either analyzed and significant levels were not detected, which explain why the viscosity was not significantly modified.
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Membrillo Venegas I, Fuentes-Hernández J, García-Rivero M, Martínez-Trujillo A. Characteristics ofAspergillus nigerxylanases produced on rice husk and wheat bran in submerged culture and solid-state fermentation for an applicability proposal. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Membrillo Venegas
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica; Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec; Av. Tecnológico esq. Av. Carlos Hank González; Ecatepec; CP 55210; México
| | | | - Mayola García-Rivero
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica; Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec; Av. Tecnológico esq. Av. Carlos Hank González; Ecatepec; CP 55210; México
| | - Aurora Martínez-Trujillo
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica; Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec; Av. Tecnológico esq. Av. Carlos Hank González; Ecatepec; CP 55210; México
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Facchini FDA, Vici AC, Benassi VM, Freitas LAP, Reis RA, Jorge JA, Terenzi HF, Polizeli MDLTM. Optimization of fibrolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus japonicus C03 with potential application in ruminant feed and their effects on tropical forages hydrolysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 34:1027-38. [PMID: 21647681 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibrolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus japonicus C03 was optimized in a medium containing agro-industrial wastes, supplemented with peptone and yeast extract. A 2(3) full factorial composite and response surface methodology were used to design the experiments and analysis of results. Tropical forages were hydrolyzed by A. japonicus C03 enzymatic extract in different levels, and they were also tested as enzymatic substrate. Optimal production to xylanase was obtained with soybean bran added to crushed corncob (1:3), 0.01% peptone, and 0.2% yeast extract, initial pH 5.0, at 30 °C under static conditions for 5 days of incubation. Optimal endoglucanase production was obtained with wheat bran added to sugarcane bagasse (3:1), 0.01% peptone, and 0.2% yeast extract, initial pH 4.0, at 30 °C, for 6 days, under static conditions. Addition of nitrogen sources as ammonium salts either inhibited or did not influence xylanase production. This enzymatic extract had a good result on tropical forage hydrolyzes and showed better performance in the Brachiaria genera, due to their low cell wall lignin quantity. These results represent a step forward toward the use of low-cost agricultural residues for the production of valuable enzymes with potential application in animal feed, using fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda D A Facchini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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