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Fendrych K, Górska-Ratusznik A, Smajdor J. Electrochemical Assays for the Determination of Antidiabetic Drugs-A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:10. [PMID: 38276837 PMCID: PMC10820374 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding electrochemical methods for determining the active substances within drugs that are used in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Electrochemical methods of analysis, due to their sensitivity and easiness, are a great alternative to other, usually more expensive analytical assays. The determination of active substances mentioned in this review is based on oxidation or reduction processes on the surface of the working electrode. A wide variety of working electrodes, often modified with materials such as nanoparticles or conducting polymers, have been used for the highly sensitive analysis of antidiabetic drugs. The presented assays allow us to determine the compounds of interest in various samples, such as pharmaceutical products or different human bodily fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Fendrych
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Górska-Ratusznik
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopianska St., 30-418 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Smajdor
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
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Uçar A, Aydoğdu Tığ G, Er E. Recent advances in two dimensional nanomaterial-based electrochemical (bio)sensing platforms for trace-level detection of amino acids and pharmaceuticals. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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3
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Jawad SEZ, Ibrahim M, Fatima B, Chohan TA, Hussain D, Najam-Ul-Haq M. Fabrication and employment of cobalt-doped yttrium iron garnets for the electrochemical analysis of anti-diabetic, metformin in serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2023; 18:21. [PMID: 36811724 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metformin (MET) is an anti-diabetic drug employed as the first-line therapy for patients of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Overdosage of drugs leads to severe outcomes, and its monitoring in biofluids is vital. The present study develops cobalt-doped yttrium iron garnets and employs them as an electroactive material immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the sensitive and selective detection of metformin via electroanalytical techniques. The fabrication procedure via the sol-gel method is facile and gives a good yield of nanoparticles. They are characterized by FTIR, UV, SEM, EDX, and XRD. Pristine yttrium iron garnet particles are also synthesized for comparison, where the electrochemical behaviors of varying electrodes are analyzed via cyclic voltammetry (CV). The activity of metformin at varying concentrations and pH is investigated via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and the sensor generates excellent results for metformin detection. Under optimum conditions and at a working potential of 0.85 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/3.0 M KCl), the linear range and limit of detection (LOD) obtained through the calibration curve are estimated as 0-60 μM and 0.04 μM, respectively. The fabricated sensor is selective for metformin and depicts a blind response toward interfering species. The optimized system is applied to directly measure MET in buffers and serum samples of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan E Zahra Jawad
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Batool Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Ali Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam-Ul-Haq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
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Huang J, Dong R, Habibul M, Zhang Y, Guan M, Li G. An electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on poly(aniline-luminol)/graphene oxide/chitosan for ultra-sensitive detection of Hg2+. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gazizadeh M, Dehghan G, Soleymani J. A ratiometric fluorescent sensor for detection of metformin based on terbium-1,10-phenanthroline-nitrogen-doped-graphene quantum dots. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22255-22265. [PMID: 36043095 PMCID: PMC9364225 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MTF), an effective biguanide and oral antihyperglycemic agent, is utilized to control blood glucose levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus, and the determination of its concentration in biological fluids is one of the main issues in pharmacology and medicine. In this work, highly luminescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were modified using terbium (Tb3+)–1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) nanoparticles (NPs) to develop a dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the determination of MTF in biological samples. The synthesized N-GQDs/Tb–Phen NPs were characterized using different techniques to confirm their physicochemical properties. The N-GQDs/Tb–Phen NPs showed two characteristic emission peaks at 450 nm and 630 nm by exciting at 340 nm that belong to N-GQDs and Tb–Phen NPs, respectively. The results indicated that the emission intensity of both N-GQDs and Tb–Phen NPs enhanced upon interaction with MTF in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, a good linear correlation between the enhanced fluorescence intensity of the system and MTF concentration was observed in the range of 1.0 nM–7.0 μM and the limit of detection (LOD) value obtained was 0.76 nM. In addition, the prepared probe was successfully used for the estimation of MTF concentration in spiked human serum samples. In conclusion, the reported dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent sensor can be used as a sensitive and simple fluorimetric method for the detection of MTF in real samples. Shcematic representation of the MTF detection by an enhancing mechanism.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Gazizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran +98 41 3339 2739
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran +98 41 3339 2739
| | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran +98 41 3337 5365
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Production of copper-graphene nanocomposite as a voltammetric sensor for determination of anti-diabetic metformin using response surface methodology. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Dalkiran B, Brett CMA. Polyphenazine and polytriphenylmethane redox polymer/nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:178. [PMID: 33913010 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of studies has demonstrated that redox polymers can be used in simple and effective electrochemical sensing platforms due to their fast electron transfer and electrocatalytic ability. To develop more sensitive and selective electrochemical (bio)sensors, the electrocatalytic properties of redox polymers and the electrical, mechanical, and catalytic properties of various nanomaterials are combined. This review aims to summarize and contribute to the development of (bio)sensors based on polyphenazine or polytriphenylmethane redox polymers combined with nanomaterials, including carbon-based nanomaterials, metal/metal oxide, and semiconductor nanoparticles. The synthesis, preparation, and modification of these nanocomposites is presented and the contribution of each material to the performance of (bio)sensor has been be examined. It is explained how the combined use of these redox polymers and nanomaterials as a sensing platform leads to improved analytical performance of the (bio)sensors. Finally, the analytical performance characteristics and practical applications of polyphenazine and polytriphenylmethane redox polymer/nanomaterial-based electrochemical (bio)sensors are compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Dalkiran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christopher M A Brett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Azarian S, Shaghaghi M, Dehghan G, Sheibani N. A rapid, simple and ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the direct detection of metformin in real samples based on a nanoquenching approach. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:658-667. [PMID: 33185014 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (MET), as an oral antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic agent, is widely used to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Because of its increasing consumption, developing a fast, simple, and selective method to determine its concentration in biological samples (serum and urine) and pharmaceutical formulations (tablets) is of great interest. In this study, we used a FRET-based fluorescent nanosensor (Tb-phen-AgNPs system) for sensitive detection of MET in tablet and serum samples. This method is based on the enhancing effect of MET on the emission intensity of the Tb-phen complex, which is quenched by AgNPs via energy transfer process (turn off-on mode). A good linear relationship between the MET concentration and enhanced emission intensity of the Tb-phen-AgNPs system was observed in the range of (0.75-3.7) × 10-6 M under optimum conditions. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were calculated to be 0.43 × 10-6 M and 1.31 × 10-6 M, respectively. This method was successfully used to determine MET concentrations in pharmaceutical dosage form and in spiked serum sample. The obtained recoveries from pharmaceutical formulation and serum sample were in the range 86.75-98.97% and 85.10-100.96%, respectively. Collectively, our results indicated that the method described here is simple, sensitive, cost effective, and free from interference. Therefore, it can be used as an effective and routine method for the direct and rapid determination of MET levels in biological samples such as serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Azarian
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Shaghaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P. O. Box, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Ghanbari MH, Sharafi P, Nayebossadr S, Norouzi Z. Utilizing a nanocomposite consisting of zinc ferrite, copper oxide, and gold nanoparticles in the fabrication of a metformin electrochemical sensor supported on a glassy carbon electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:557. [PMID: 32914228 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The conception and development of a new electrochemical sensor is reported for the detection of metformin (MET). Zinc ferrite and copper oxide nanostructure (ZnFe2O4-CuO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used to prepare a nanocomposite in modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The unique ZnFe2O4-CuO/Au nanocomposite was applied as a sensor for the determination of traces of MET by some electroanalytical techniques. Experimental parameters affecting the results were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions and at a working potential of 0.85 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/3.0 M KCl), the sensor response is linear in the MET range of 1.0 nmol L-1 to 1.0 μmol L-1 MET. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.3 nmol L-1 (at an S/N ratio of 3) and the sensitivity is 1.13 μA μmol L-1 cm-2. The sensor was applied to the determination of MET in real samples where it gave acceptable results. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parastoo Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, 19395-3697, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Norouzi
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-51167, Iran
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Machini WBS, Fernandes IPG, Oliveira‐Brett AM. Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Oxidation and
in situ
Interaction with dsDNA Using a dsDNA‐electrochemical Biosensor. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. B. S. Machini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - I. P. G. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - A. M. Oliveira‐Brett
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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Meenakshi S, Jancy Sophia S, Pandian K. High surface graphene nanoflakes as sensitive sensing platform for simultaneous electrochemical detection of metronidazole and chloramphenicol. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:407-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bagheri E, Abnous K, Alibolandi M, Ramezani M, Taghdisi SM. Triple-helix molecular switch-based aptasensors and DNA sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 111:1-9. [PMID: 29627731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of traditional analytical techniques is limited because they are generally time-consuming and require high consumption of reagents, complicated sample preparation and expensive equipment. Therefore, it is of great interest to achieve sensitive, rapid and simple detection methods. It is believed that nucleic acids assays, especially aptamers, are very important in modern life sciences for target detection and biological analysis. Aptamers and DNA-based sensors have been widely used for the design of various sensors owing to their unique features. In recent years, triple-helix molecular switch (THMS)-based aptasensors and DNA sensors have been broadly utilized for the detection and analysis of different targets. The THMS relies on the formation of DNA triplex via Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen base pairings under optimal conditions. This review focuses on recent progresses in the development and applications of electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescence and SERS aptasensors and DNA sensors, which are based on THMS. Also, the advantages and drawbacks of these methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Bagheri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Fu Y, Wang L, Huang D, Zou L, Ye B. A new calcium germanate-graphene nanocomposite modified electrode as efficient electrochemical sensor for determination of daphnetin. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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